Ratio and Proportion 3 times 7 = 21 and 5 times 6 = 30

21 is not equal to 30. Therefore, 3/5 and 6/7 do not

A ratio is a comparison of two numbers that uses division. The form a proportion.
division is usually written as fraction. Say, for instance, you Another Example: Do 10/16 ad 5/8 form a
are in a classroom, there are boys and girls. If there are 6 girls proportion?
and 3 boys in that classroom, you can say that the ratio of boys 10 times 8 = 80 and 16 times 5 = 80
to girls is 3/6. You write 3 to 6 or 3:6. 80 is equal to 80, therefore, they form a proportion.
Notice also that 10/16 and 5/8 are equivalent
3/6 is equal to 1 / 2 or 0.5 and it means that these are half as fractions.
many boys as girls in the classroom. In general, if two fractions are equivalents, they
form a proportion.
However, the ratio of girls to boys is 6/3.
EXAMPLES
6/3 is equal to 2 and it means that there are two times as many
The monthly salaries of A, B and C are in the
girls as boys in the classroom.
ration of 2 : 3 : 5. If C’s monthly salary is Rs.
We can also define the following: 1,200 more than that of A, find B’s annual salary.
Let the salaries of A, B and C be 2x, 3x and 5x.
• Ratio of girls to number of students in the classroom : Difference of C’s and A’s salary is 1200. Hence 5x -
6/9 2x = 1200 => 3x = 1200 => x = 400
• Ratio of boys to number of students in the classroom : Hence, B’s monthly salary = 3x = 1200 and annual
3/9 salary = 12 × 1200 = 14400
• Ratio of number of students in the classroom to girls : Rs. 100 is divided among 6 men, 12 women and
9/6 17 boys. If 2 men get as much as 5 boys and 2
• Ratio of number of students in the classroom to boys: 9/3 women as much as 3 boys, find out how much
each boy will get.
At this point you may have noticed the order is important We can solve these sums by equations.
when defining a ratio. 6m + 12w + 17b = 100 ….(1)
2m = 5b => 6m = 15b ….(2)
Properties of Ratios 2w = 3b => 12w = 18b ….(3)
Using (2) and (3) in (1)
• Ratio exists between two quantities of the same
15b + 18b + 17b = 100
kind. The units of measurements of two quantities
 b=2
must be the same. You cannot take the ratio of the
 Therefore each boy gets Rs. 2
number of boys to the average weight.
• The ratio of two quantities has no unit. A bag contains certain number of 50p, 20 and 10p coins in
• Ratio remains unaltered if its numerator and the ration of 3 : 4 : 5. Find the number of coins of each
denominator are multiplied or divide but the same kind if the total value is Rs. 42
(non zero) number.
• A ratio is always expressed on its simplest form. Let the number of 50, 20 and 10 p coins be 3x, 4x and 5x
• If the terms of the given ratio are in fractions then respectively. Their total value is
convert them to whole numbers.
3x × 50 + 4x× 20 + 5x ×10 = 4200 p
Proportion  150x + 80x + 50x = 4200
When two ratios are equal, we say they form a  15x + 8x + 5x = 4200
proportion.  x = 15

Look at the following two ratios: 3/5 and 6/7 Therefore number of 50p coins = 3 × 15 = 45, number of 20 p
Do they form proportion? coins = 60 and number of 10 p coins = 45.
You can tell if two ratios are equal by comparing
their cross products. If the cross products are equal,
then they form a proportion. A cross product is
obtained when you multiply the numerator of one
fraction by the denominator of another fraction.
The cross products for 3/5 and 6/7 are
 168
PRACTICE EXERCISE b) 𝑙 d) none of these
11

1. Find the third proportional to the number 5 and 10. 12. In three vessels of 10 L capacity, mixture of a milk
a) 20 c) 25 and water is filled. The ratio of milk and water 2:1,
b) 2.2 d) 30 3:1 and 3:2 in the respective vessels. If all the three
2. A bag contains an equal number of one rupee, 50 vessels are emptied into a single large vessel, find the
paisa and 25 paisa coins respectively. If the total ratio of milk and water in the resultant mixture.
value is Rs. 35, how many coins of each type are a) 121:41 c) 117:22
there? b) 121:59 d) 127:41
a) 20 c) 18 13. Ratio of boys to girls in the class is 5:4. Which of the
b) 16 d) 25 following cannot be the number of the students in the
𝑎2 +𝑏 2 class?
3. If a:b=c:d then the value of is a) 45 c) 108
𝑐 2 +𝑑 2
1 𝑎+𝑏
a) c) b) 72 d) 98
2 𝑐+𝑑
𝑎−𝑏 𝑎𝑏 14. A person buys some apples and mangoes from the
b) d)
𝑐−𝑑 𝑐𝑑 market at the rate such that a mango is twice as costly
4. If x:y=2:3, find the value if (3x+2y):(2x+5y) as an apple and he sells them such that mango
11 12
a) c) a) 3:5 c) 1:2
12 19
11 11 b) 3:4 d) none of these
b) d)
27 23
15. The ratio of spirit and water is 1:3. If the volume of
5. If A:B=3:4, B:C=8:9, C:D=15:16, find A:B:C:D
the solution is increased by 25% by adding spirit
a) 15:20:21:28 c) 9:15:21:28
only. What is the resultant ratio of spirit and water?
b) 30:40:45:48 d) none of these
a) 2:3 c) 1:4
6. A dog pursues a cat and takes 5 leaps of every 6 leaps
b) 1:2 d) none of these
of the cat, but 4 leaps of the dog are equal to 5 leaps
16. In a factory men, women and children were
of the cat. Compare the speed of the dog and cat.
employed in the ratio 8:5:1 to finish a job and their
a) 15:22 c) 25:21
individual wages were in the ratio 5:2:3. Total daily
b) 9:25 d) 3
wages of all amount to Rs. 318. Find the total daily
7. What should be subtracted from each of the numbers
wages paid to each category.
54, 71, 75 and 99 so that the remainders are in
a) Rs. 240, 60, 18 c) Rs. 190, 95, 33
continued proportion?
b) Rs. 210, 70, 38 d) none of these
a) 9 c) 4
17. An amount of money is to be distributed among A, B
b) 7 d) 3
and C in the ratio 5:8:12 respectively. If the total
8. Divide 170 into three parts such that the first part is
share of B and C is four times that of A, what is A’s
10 more than the second and its ratio with third part
share?
is 2:5?
a) Rs. 3000
a) 22 : 35 : 113 c) 40 : 30 : 100
b) c) Rs. 5000
b) 35 : 55 : 80 d) 35 : 65 : 70
c) Cannot be determined
9. Gold is 19 times as heavy as water and copper 9
d) d) none of these
times as water. In what ratio should these metals be
18. The ratio of the ages of A and B is 5:7. If the
mixed so that the mixture may be 15 times as heavy
difference between the present age of B and that of A
as water?
6 years hence is 2, then what will be the present ages
a) 2 : 5 c) 2 : 3
of A and B?
b) 3 : 1 d) 3 : 2
a) 49 years c) 56 years
10. A mixture of 729 ml contains milk and water in the
b) 52 years d) none of these
ratio of 7:2. How much more water is added to get a
19. If there are Rs. 495 in a bag in denomination of one-
new mixture containing milk and water in the ratio of
rupee, 50 paisa and 25 paisa coins which are in the
7:3?
ratio of 1:8:16. How many 50 paisa coins are there in
a) 81 ml c) 80 ml
the bag?
b) 72 ml d) 78 ml
a) 50 c) 440
11. A mixture contains alcohol and water in the ratio of
b) 220 d) none of these
4:3. If 81 ml of water is added to the mixture, the
20. Two number are in the ratio 3:5. If each number is
ratio of alcohol becomes 3:5. Find the quantity of
increased by 10, the ratio becomes 5:7. The numbers
alcohol in the mixture.
96 72
are:
a) 𝑙 c) 𝑙 a) 3, 5 c) 13, 22
11 11
 b) 7, 9 d) 15, 25 30. A dishonest milkman mixed 2 liters of water and thus
21. The monthly salary of A, B, C are in the ratio 2:3:5. prepared a mixture of milk and water of 49 litres. If
If C’s monthly salary is Rs. 1200 more than that of A, he finally adds 14 litres of pure milk to the mixture,
then B’s annual salary is: find the ratio of milk and water in the mixture
a) Rs. 14400 c) Rs. 1200 a) 12:5 c) 7:2
b) Rs. 2330 d) Rs. 2000 b) 14:3 d) 9:4
22. The ratio of money of Ram and Rahul is 7:17 and
that wit Rahul and Ajay is 7:17. If Ram has Rs. 490, Solutions
Ajay has:
a) Rs. 2890 c) Rs. 1190 1. (a) Let the third proportion be x, then
5 : 10 = 10 : x
b) Rs. 2330 d) Rs. 2680
 x = 20
23. The students in three classes are in the ratio 2:3:5. If 2. (a) Let there be x coins of each type.
20 students are increased in each class, the ratio Ratio of value of money = 4 : 2 : 1
𝑥 𝑥
changes to 4:5:7. The total number of students before Then 𝑥 + + = 35
2 4
the increase were: 4𝑥+2𝑥+𝑥
= 35
a) 10 c) 100 4
7𝑥 = 35 × 4
b) 90 d) none of these
x = 20
24. The ratio of first and second class fares between two 𝑎 𝑐
3. (d) =
stations is 4:1 and that of number of passengers 𝑏 𝑑
𝑐2
𝑎2 +𝑏 2 𝑏× 2 +𝑏 2
travelling by first and second class is 1:40. If Rs. Hence = 𝑑
𝑐 2 +𝑑 2 𝑐 2 +𝑑 2
1100 is collected as fare, the amount collected from 𝑏 2 (𝑐 2 +𝑑 2 ) 𝑏2
first class passengers is = =
𝑑 2 (𝑐 2 +𝑑 2 ) 𝑑2
𝑏2 𝑏×𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑏
a) Rs. 275 c) Rs. 137.50 Now, 2 = = × =
𝑑 𝑑×𝑑 𝑐 𝑑 𝑐𝑑
b) Rs. 315 d) Rs. 100 4. (c) Put x = 2 and y = 3
25. Rs. 5625 is divided among A, B and C so that A may 3𝑥+2𝑦 12
Then =
2𝑥+5𝑦 19
receive ½ as much as B and C together receive and B
5. (b) A:B:C:D =
receive ¼ of what A and C receive. The share of A is 𝑛1 × 𝑛2 × 𝑛3 : 𝑑1 × 𝑛2 × 𝑛3 : 𝑑2 × 𝑑1 × 𝑛3 : 𝑑3 × 𝑑2 × 𝑑1
more than that of B 3×8×15:4×8×13:9×4×15:4×9×16
a) Rs. 750 c) Rs. 1500 30:40:45:48
5×5
b) Rs. 775 d) Rs. 1600 6. (d) 5 leaps of dog = leaps of cut
4
26. One year ago, the ratio between Laxman’s and ∴ Speed of dog : Speed of car
Gopal’s salary was 3:4. The ratio of their individual 25
: 6 = 25: 24
salaries between last year’s and this year’s salaries 4
7. (d) Let number x be subtracted from each of the
are 4:5 and 2:3 respectively. At present the total of
subject,
their salary is Rs. 4160. The salary of Laxaman is 54−𝑥 75−𝑥
Then =
now: 71−𝑥 99−𝑥

a) Rs. 1040 c) Rs. 2560 For x = 3

This relation is correct
b) Rs. 1600 d) Rs. 3120
8. (c) Let first and third part be 2x and 5x, then second
27. Vinay got three as many marks in Maths as in part be
English. The proportion of his marks in Maths and 2x – 10(2x) + (2x - 10) + 5x = 170
History is 4:3. If his total marks in Maths, English  x = 20. Therefore, three parts are 40, 30 and 100
and History are 250, what are his marks in English? 9. (d) Let 1 gram gold be mixed with x gram of copper
a) 120 c) 40 Then 1 gram of gold + x gm of copper = (1+x ) gm
mixture
b) 90 d) 80
∴ 19w + 9w × x = (1 + x)×15w
28. If x varies inversely as y2+1 and equal to 6 when y=8. 2
 x=
Find x when y=7. 3
2
a) 7.8 c) 12  Ratio = 1 :
3
10
b) 11.3 d) 9 10. (a) The volume of new solution is
9
29. A cook contains a mixture of 49 litres of wine and times the original volume.
water in the proportion of 5:2. How much water must Hence if original volume is 729 ml, the new volume
be added to it so that the ratio of whine may be 7:4? = 810 ml. The increase is due to the addition of the
a) 5 c) 7 water = (810 - 729) = 81 ml.
b) 6 d) none of these 11. (a) Let the quantity of the alcohol and water be 4x
and 3x respectively.
 4𝑥 3𝑦 Total number of students before increase
=
3𝑥 + 8 5𝑦 = 2x+3x+5x = 10x = 100
 20xy = 9xy+24y 24. (d) Ratio amount collected of first class to second
24 class = 4:40 = 1:10
 x=
11 11x = 1100
24 94  x = 100
So, quantity of alcohol = 4× =  Amount collected from first class passengers
11 11
= Rs. 100
12. (c) Quantity of milk : Quantity of water 25. (a) A = ½ (B+C)
3 3 3 1 1 2
= ( + + ):( + + )  B+C = 2A
2 4 5 3 4 5
= 121 : 59  A+B+C = 3A
13. (d) The total number of students should be divisible  A = Rs. 1875
by: Again B = ¼ (A+C)
(5 + 4) = 9  A+C = 4B
14. (c) CP = 2M + A and SP = 6M + 2A  A+B+C = 5B
3  B = Rs. 1125
Profit = 4M + A = × (2𝑀 + 𝐴)
2
 8M+2A = 6M + 3A Thus, A’s share is more than that of B by Rs. (1875 -
 2M = A 1125) = Rs. 750
 M:A=1:2
15. (a) Let the volumes of the spirit and water be x and 26. (b) Let the salaries of Laxman and Gopal one year
3x before be 𝐿1 , 𝐺1 respectively and
Then total volume = 4x Now, 𝐿2 , 𝐺2 respectively, then
Resultant volume of solution = 1.25 ×4x = 5x 𝐿1 3 𝐿1 4 𝐺1 2
= , = , =
Therefore, increase in volume 𝐺1 4 𝐿2 5 𝐺2 3
= 5x - 4x = x And 𝐿2 , +𝐺2 = 4160
So, the new ratio of spirit to water Solving these equation, we get 𝐿2 = Rs. 1600
= 2x : 3x = 2 : 3 27. Marks in maths = 4x and History = 3x
It is also to be noticed that increase in volume is due 4
Therefore marks in English = x
to addition of spirit only. 3
4𝑥
16. (a) Ratio of amount to be distributed Given, 4𝑥 + + 3𝑥 = 250
3
= 8×5:5×1:1×3 = 40: 10: 3  12x+4x+9x = 750
∴ Total daily wages of each category  x = 30
40 10 3 4×30
= × 318, × 318, × 318 Therefore, marks in English = = 40
53 53 53 3
= Rs. 240, 60, 18 1
28. (a) 𝑥 ∫
𝑦 2 +1
17. (c) It cannot be determined because the total money 𝐾
to be distributed is not given  𝑥=
𝑦 2 +1
18. (d) Let the present age of A and B be 5x and 7x 𝐾
 6= 2
respectively 8 +1
(5x + 6) – 7x = 2  𝐾 = 6 × 65 = 390
390 390
 x = 2, ∴Total age of A and B = 10+14 = 24 years  x= 2 = = 7.8
7 +1 50
19. (c) Ratio of number of coins = 1:4:4 29. (b) The quantity of wine and water in 49 liters
4
Value of 50 paisa coins = × 495 = 220 solution be 35 liters and 14 liters respectively
9
Therefore number of coins of 50 paisa 35 7
=
= 220 × 2 = 440 14 + 𝑥 4
3𝑥+10 5  20 = 14 + x
20. (d) =
5𝑥+10 7  x = 6 liters
 21x + 70 = 25x + 50
 x=5 Hence, 6 liters of water should be added
 Numbers are 15 and 25
21. (a) Let the monthly salary of A, B and C be 2x, 3x 30. (c) Quantity of milk and water in 49 litre of mixture =
and 5x 35 liters and 14 liters respectively. After adding 14
5x = 2x + 1200, x = Rs. 400 liters of pure milk, quantity of milk in the mixture =
49 liters. Therefore, ratio of milk and water = 7:2
So, annual salary of B = 3×400×12 = Rs.14400
1190×17
22. (a) Salary of Rahul =
7
= Rs. 2890
2𝑥+20 4
23. (c) =
3𝑥+20 5
 10x + 100 = 12x + 80
 x = 10