Harsh Vaibhav - 19BCM0032

DETERMINATION OF SAPONIFICATION VALUE OF THE

GIVEN OIL SAMPLES
Expt. No.: 2 Date: 19-08-2021

Principle
Boiling of the sample under reflux with ethanolic KOH solution, and titration of excess potassium
hydroxide with standard HC1 in presence of an indicator.

Esters are hydrolyzed either by aqueous base or by aqueous acid to yield component acid and
alcohol fragments. Hydrolysis of an ester in alkaline medium is called saponification.
Saponification value is defined as "number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to
saponify l gm of oil or fat" i.e. to neutralise completely the fatty acids resulting from
complete hydrolysis of l gm fat or oil.

Requirement
Apparatus Chemicals
Round bottom flask 250 mL Standard HC1 (0.5 N 43 mL in 1L)
Conical f1ask - 250 mL Alcohol
Reflux condenser 0.5 N KOH ( 28g of KOH in 1 L)
Pipette Phenolphthalein
Oxalic acid (31.5 g in 1L)
Burette - 50 mL
Water bath

Procedure:

(a) Standardization of KOH solution

Pipette out 20 mL of prepared KOH solution into 250 mL conical flask. Add 2 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator and titrate against standard 0.1N oxalic acid solution. The end point
of the titration is pink to colorless.
(b) Standardization of HCl solution
Pipette out 20 mL of prepared KOH solution into 250 mL conical flask. Add 2 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator and titrate against standard 0.5N HCl solution. The end point of the
titration is pink to colorless.
 Sr. Standardization of KOH solution Standardization of HCl solution
No. IR FR Total IR FR Total
volume volume
1 0 21.7 21.7 0 23 23

Standardization of KOH solution Standardization of HCl solution

(MxV)KOH = (MxV)oxalic acid (MmxV)HCl = (MxV)KOH
MKOH= (MxV) oxalic acid MmHCl= (MxV) KOH
VKOH VHCl

=21.7*0.1/20 =0.1085*20/23
=0.1085N KOH =0.0943 N HCL

(c) Blank Titration

Pipette out 20 mL of prepared KOH solution into 250 mL conical flask. Add 2 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator and titrate against standard 0.5N HCl solution till solution color
changes from pink to colorless

(d) Estimation of Saponification value of an oil

Weigh accurately about l gram of oil in 250 cm3 round bottoml flask then dissolve the
content in 25 mL alcohol and then add 25 mL of 2.5M KOH solution with the help of a
pipette. Attach reflux water condenser to the flask and add some boiling chips, heat the flask
in water bath for about 1 hour with-occasional shaking. After 1 hour, stop heating, add to the
hot solution 10 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Titrate the excess alkali with standard
0.5N HCI until the colour of the indicator changes from pink to colourless. Record the
volume of HCI used. Carry out a blank test upon the same quantity of KOH solution under
the same conditions. Record the volume of HCI used.

Blank Titration (V0) Estimation of Saponification value of an

Sr. oil
No. Weight of the oil sample taken=

Initial Final Total Initial reading Final Total

reading reading volume reading volume
1 0 133.2 133.2 0 136 136

The saponification value (S.V.) is given by the formula:

Where: Vo = Volume of HCl used in the blank titration mL
V1 = Volume of HC1 used in the original titration mL
Mm = Molarity of HCl
m = mass of the oil in g.

Calculation:

S.V =56*1*0.094*(136-133.2)/1
= 14.765mg of KOH

Report:
The saponification value of the given oil =14.765mh of KOH

Inference and conclusion:

Based on the the saponification value obtained, we can infer that the oil is not a good oil as
the saponification value is very low. The good value for saponification is around 300mg