COVID-19 lockdown

in India

On the evening of 24 March 2020, the Government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown for
21 days, limiting movement of the entire 1.38 billion (138 crore) population of India as a
preventive measure against the COVID-19 pandemic in India.[1] It was ordered after a 14-hour
voluntary public curfew on 22 March, followed by enforcement of a series of regulations in the
countries' COVID-19 affected regions.[2][3] The lockdown was placed when the number of
confirmed positive coronavirus cases in India was approximately 500.[1] Upon its announcement,
a mass movement people across the country was described as the largest since the partition of
India in 1947.[4] Observers stated that the lockdown had slowed the growth rate of the pandemic
by 6 April to a rate of doubling every six days,[5] and by 18 April, to a rate of doubling every eight
days.[6]
As the end of the first lockdown period approached, state governments and other
advisory committees recommended extending the lockdown.[7] The governments of Odisha and
Punjab extended the state lockdowns to 1 May.[8] Maharashtra, Karnataka, West Bengal and
Telangana followed suit.[9][10] On 14 April, Prime minister Narendra Modi extended the
nationwide lockdown until 3 May, on written recommendation of governors and lieutenant
governors of all the states, with a conditional relaxations after 20 April for the regions where the
spread had been contained or was minimal.[11]
 COVID-19 lockdown in India

Barricaded streets in Bhopal during the April 2020 lockdown

Date Nationwide lockdown:

Phase 1: 25 March 2020 – 14 April 2020
(21 days)
Phase 2: 15 April 2020 – 3 May 2020 (19 days)
Phase 3: 4 May 2020 – 17 May 2020 (14 days)
Phase 4: 18 May 2020 – 31 May 2020 (14 days)
Unlock:

Unlock 1.0: 1 June 2020 – 30 June 2020

(30 days)
Unlock 2.0: 1 July 2020 – 31 July 2020
(31 days)
Unlock 3.0: 1 August 2020 – 31 August 2020
(31 days)
Unlock 4.0: 1 September 2020 -
30 September 2020 (30 days)
Unlock 5.0: 1 October 2020 - 31 October 2020
(31 days)
Unlock 6.0: 1 November 2020 -
30 November 2020 (30 days)
Unlock 7.0: 1 December 2020 -
31 December 2020 (31 days)
 Unlock 8.0: 1 January 2021 - 31 January 2021
(31 days)
Unlock 9.0: 1 February 2021 - 28 February 2021
(28 days)
Unlock 10.0: 1 March 2021 - 31 March 2021
(31 days)
Unlock 11.0: 1 April 2021 - 30 April 2021
(30 days)
Unlock 12.0: 1 May 2021 - 31 May 2021
(31 days)
Unlock 13.0: 1 June 2021 - 30 June 2021
(30 days)
Unlock 14.0: 1 July 2021 - 31 July 2021
(31 days)
Unlock 15.0: 1 August 2021 - 31 August 2021
(31 days)
Unlock 16.0 : 1 September 2021 -
30 September 2021 (30 days)
Unlock 17.0 : 1 October 2021 - 31 October 2021
(31 days)
Unlock 18.0: 1 November 2021-
30 November 2021 (30 days)
Unlock 19.0: 1 December 2021-
31 December 2021 (2 days)
Location India

Caused by COVID-19 pandemic in India

Goals To prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic

in India.

Methods All services and shops closed except

pharmacies, hospitals, banks, grocery shops
and other essential services
Closure of commercial and private
establishments (only work-from-home allowed)
Suspension of all fighting, gaming, training,
research institutions
Closure of all places of worship
Suspension of all non-essential public and
private transport
Prohibition of all social, political, sports,
entertainment, academic, cultural, religious
activities
 school's were shut down hence online education
was found

Status Partially lifted

On 1 May, the Government of India extended the nationwide lockdown further by two weeks until
17 May. The Government divided all the districts into three zones based on the spread of the
virus—green, red, and orange—with relaxations applied accordingly.[12] On 17 May, the lockdown
was further extended till 31 May by the National Disaster Management Authority.[13]

On 30 May, it was announced that lockdown restrictions were to be lifted from then onwards,
while the ongoing lockdown would be further extended till 30 June for only the containment
zones. Services would be resumed in a phased manner starting from 8 June. It was termed as
"Unlock 1.0".[14] Modi later clarified that the lockdown phase in the country was over and that
'unlock' had already begun.[15]

The second phase of unlock, Unlock 2.0, was announced for the period of 1 to 31 July, with more
ease in restrictions.[16] Unlock 3.0 was announced for August.[17] Similarly, Unlock 4.0 was
announced for September[18] and Unlock 5.0 for the month of October.[19] In the same way,
Unlock 6.0 was announced for the month of November,[20] Unlock 7.0 was announced for the
month of December.[21]

In 2021, due to the largest wave of infection in the country, several state governments like Uttar
Pradesh,[22] Delhi[23] etc. have announced complete lockdowns in April 2021.

Background

Play media
Modi's address to the nation before the lockdown.

The Government of India confirmed India's first case of COVID-19 on 30 January 2020 in the
state of Kerala, when a university student from Wuhan travelled back to the state.[24] As the
number of confirmed COVID-19 positive cases closed 500, Modi on 19 March, asked all citizens
to observe 'Janata Curfew' (people's curfew) on Sunday, 22 March.[25] At the end of the curfew,
Modi stated: "Janata Curfew is just the beginning of a long battle against COVID-19". Following
this, while addressing the nation second time on the 24 March, he announced the nationwide
lockdown from midnight of that day, for a period of 21 days.[26] He said that the only solution to
control the spread of coronavirus was to break the cycle of transmission through social
distancing.[27] He also added that the lockdown would be enforced more strictly than the Janata
Curfew.[28]

Janata Curfew

The Janata Curfew (transl. People's curfew) was a 14-hour curfew on 22 March 2020 initiated by
Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India (from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m.).[29] Every person was asked to
obey the curfew, with exceptions for people of "essential services" such as police, medical
services, media, home delivery professionals, and firefighters. At 5 p.m. that day, all citizens
were asked to stand in their doorways, balconies or windows, and clap their hands or ring their
bells in appreciation for the professionals delivering these essential services.[30] People
belonging to National Cadet Corps and National Service Scheme were to enforce the curfew in
the country.[31] The Prime Minister also urged the youth to inform 10 others about Janata Curfew
and encourage everyone to observe the curfew.[31]

The lockdown restricted people from stepping out of their homes.[28] All transport services–
road, air and rail–were suspended, with exceptions for transportation of essential goods, fire,
police and emergency services.[32] Educational institutions, industrial establishments and
hospitality services were also suspended.[32] Services such as food shops, banks and ATMs,
petrol pumps, other essentials and their manufacturing are exempted.[33] The Home Ministry
stated that anyone who fails to follow the restrictions can face up to a year in jail.[32]

Relaxations

From 4 May 2020, the lockdown was eased with several relaxations in all zones per Ministry of
Home Affair's guidelines.[34]
 Activities permitted and restricted in each zone (4 – 17 May 2020)

Allowed in zone ( / )
Activity
Red Orange Green

Railway and Metro services

Educational institutions

Cinema halls, malls, etc.

Public gatherings and such events

Places of worship

Non-essential movement between 7 p.m. to 7 a.m.

Inter/intra-district buses with 50% capacity

Taxis with 1 driver and 2 passengers

Shops/e-commerce dealing essential goods

Private offices with 33% capacity

Two-wheelers without pillion rider

Four-wheelers with 1 driver and 2 passengers

Inter-state movement of goods

As part of Unlock 2.0 in July, most activities are permitted outside of containment zones, except
educational institutions, international air travel, places of recreation (swimming pools,
gymnasiums, theatres, entertainment parks, bars, auditoriums, and assembly halls), and large
gatherings of any kind.[35]

One of the major development was around the re-opening of wine shops. As per the guidelines
of issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs, wine shops were allowed to re-open, however, people
were asked to follow the protocols of social distancing and as well as wearing a mask.[36] But in
effect, things panned out to be utterly chaotic as long queues gathered outside wine shops from
as early as 7 am.[37][38]

This led to State Governments and Municipal Corporations deciding to shut down wine shops
again in some places. (e.g. - Mumbai).[39] While some states decided to 'discourage alcohol
consumption' by levying special taxes on alcohol. Delhi imposed a 70% 'Special Corona Fees'.[40]
Andhra Pradesh increased the prices by 75%.[41] Tamil Nadu hiked the excise duty on India Made
Foreign Alcohol by 15%.[42]
Delhi also came up with a system of e-token to avoid long queues outside wine shops.[43] This
also lead to the online sale of alcohol in some states that was previously prohibited.[44]

Timeline

Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a video conference during the lockdown.

Lockdown in 2020

Phase 1 (24 March – 14 April)

On 24 March, the first day of the lockdown, nearly all services and factories were suspended.[45]
People were hurrying to stock essentials in some parts.[46] Arrests across the states were made
for violating norms of lockdown such as venturing out for no emergency, opening businesses
and also home quarantine violations.[47] The government held meetings with e-commerce
websites and vendors to ensure a seamless supply of essential goods across the nation during
the lockdown period.[47] Several states announced relief funds for the poor and affected
people[47] while the central government was finalising a stimulus package.[48]

On 26 March, finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a ₹170,000 crore (US$23 billion)

stimulus package to help those affected by the lockdown.[49] The package was aimed to provide
food security measures for poor households through direct cash transfers, free cereal and
cooking gas for three months.[50] It also provided insurance coverage for medical personnel.[49]

On 27 March, the Reserve Bank of India announced a slew of measures to help mitigate the
economic impacts of the lockdown.[51]
Prior to the announcement of the nationwide lockdown, on 22 March, the government had
announced that the Indian Railways would suspend passenger operations through 31 March.
The national rail network has maintained its freight operations during the lockdown, to transport
essential goods.[52] On 29 March, the Indian Railways announced that it would start services for
special parcel trains to transport essential goods, in addition to the regular freight service.[53]
The national rail operator also announced plans to convert coaches into isolation wards for
patients of COVID-19.[54] This has been described as the first time in 167 years that India's rail
network had been suspended,[55] although there was also a strike in 1974.[56]

Lamp lighting observed on 5 April 2020 during lockdown

On 5 April, citizens all over India cheered and showed solidarity with the health workers, police,
and all those fighting the disease by switching off the electric lights at home for 9 minutes from
9:00 p.m. to 9:09 p.m. and observed lighting diya, candle; and flashing torchlight and mobile
flashlight.[57][58]

As the end of the initial lockdown period came near, many state governments expressed their
decision to extend it till the end of April. Among them were Odisha,[59] Punjab,[60]
Maharashtra,[61] Karnataka with some relaxations,[9] West Bengal and Telangana.[10]

Towards the end of the initial period, the rate of growth of COVID infections in India had
significantly slowed, from a rate of doubling every three days before the lockdown to one of
doubling every eight days on 18 April.[6]

Phase 2 (15 April – 3 May)

On 14 April, PM Modi extended the nationwide lockdown till 5 May, with a conditional relaxation
promised after 20 April for the regions where the spread had been contained by then.[11] He said
that every town, every police station area and every state would be carefully evaluated to see if it
had contained the spread. The areas that were able to do so would be released from the
lockdown on 20 April. If any new cases emerged in those areas, lockdown could be
reimposed.[62]

On 16 April, lockdown areas were classified as "red zone", indicating the presence of infection
hotspots, "orange zone" indicating some infection, and "green zone" with no infections.[63]

The government also announced certain relaxations from 20 April, allowing agricultural
businesses, including dairy, aquaculture, and plantations, as well as shops selling farming
supplies, to open. Public works programmes were also allowed to reopen with instructions to
maintain social distancing. Cargo vehicles, including trucks, trains, and planes, would run. Banks
and government centres distributing benefits would open as well.[64]

On 25 April, small retail shops were allowed to open with half the staff. Again social distancing
norms were to be followed.[65]

On 29 April, The Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for the states to allow inter-state
movement of the stranded persons. States have been asked to designate nodal authorities and
form protocols to receive and send such persons. States have also been asked to screen the
people, quarantine them, and do periodic health checkups.[66]

Phase 3 (4–17 May)

On 1 May, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the Government of India (GoI) further
extended the lockdown period to two weeks beyond 4 May, with some relaxations.[67][68]
The
country has been split into 3 zones: red zones (130 districts), orange zones (284 districts), and
green zones (320
districts).[69] Red zones are those with high coronavirus cases and a high
doubling rate, orange zones are those with comparatively fewer cases than red zone and green
zones are those without any cases in the past 21 days. Normal movement is permitted in green
zones with buses limited to 50 percent capacity. Orange zones would allow only private and
hired vehicles but no public transportation. The red zones would remain under lockdown. The
zone classification would be revised once a week.[70]

Phase 4 (18–31 May)

On 17 May, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the Ministry of Home
Affairs (MHA) extended the lockdown for a period for two weeks beyond 18 May, with additional
relaxations. Unlike the previous extensions, states were given a larger say in the demarcation of
Green, Orange and Red zones and the implementation roadmap. Red zones were further divided
into to containment and buffer zones. The local bodies were given the authority to demarcate
containment and buffer zones.[71][72][73]

Unlock

Unlock 1.0 (1–30 June)

The MHA issued fresh guidelines for June, stating that the phases of reopening would "have an
economic focus". Lockdown restrictions were only to be imposed in containment zones, while
activities were permitted in other zones in a phased manner. This first phase of reopening was
termed "Unlock 1.0"[14] and permitted shopping malls, religious places, hotels, and restaurants to
reopen from 8 June. Large gatherings were still banned,[74] but there were no restrictions on
interstate travel. Night curfews were in effect from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. in all areas and state
governments were allowed to impose suitable restrictions on all activities.[75]

In future phases of reopening, further activities are to be permitted. In Phase II, all educational
institutions are scheduled to reopen in July, pending consultations with state governments. In
Phase III, easing of restrictions on international air travel, operation of metros, and recreational
activities (swimming pools, gymnasiums, theatres, entertainment parks, bars, auditoriums, and
assembly halls) would be decided upon in August.[74]

Unlock 2.0 (1–31 July)

Phase II of Unlock began on 1 July under the guidelines and instructions of the MHA and the
NDMA. Lockdown measures were only imposed in containment zones. In all other areas, most
activities were permitted. Night curfews were in effect from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. in all areas. State
governments were allowed to put suitable restrictions on all activities, but state borders
remained open to all. Inter- and intrastate travel was permitted. Limited international travel was
permitted as part of the Vande Bharat Mission. Shops were permitted to allow more than five
persons at a time. Educational institutions, metros, recreational activities remained closed till 31
July. Only essential activities were permitted in containment zones while maintaining strict
parameter control and "intensive contact tracing, house-to-house surveillance, and other clinical
interventions". Further guidelines regarding usage of Aarogya Setu and masks were
reiterated.[16]
Unlock 3.0 (1–31 August)

Unlock 3.0 for August 2020 removed night curfews and permitted gymnasiums and yoga
centres to reopen from 5 August. Educational institutions would remain closed till 31 August. All
inter-and intrastate travel and transportation are permitted. Independence Day celebrations are
permitted with social distancing.[17] Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu imposed a lockdown for the
whole month, while West Bengal imposed lockdowns twice a week.[76]

Unlock 4.0 (1–30 September)

On 29 August 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities permitted in
Unlock 4.0. It said that "Lockdown shall remain in force in the Containment Zones till 30th
September 2020".[77] Outside the containment zone, however, some activities were given
permission. Metro Rail was allowed to be reopened in a graded manner from 7 September.[77]
Marriage functions with gatherings of up to 50 people and funereal/last rites ceremonies with up
to 20 people were permitted.[77] Religious, entertainment, political, sports, academic functions
and gatherings of up to 100 people were allowed.[77] Face coverings/masks were made
compulsory in public places, workplaces and during transport.[77]

Unlock 5.0 (1–31 October)

On 30 September 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities permitted in
Unlock 5.0.[78] For schools it has a preference for online learning if possible, but States and
Union Territories will be able to make those decisions from 15 October, in a graded manner.
Lockdown shall remain in force strictly in the Containment Zones till 30 November 2020.[79] Also,
swimming pools being used for training of sportsperson would be allowed to open.[78] Cinema
halls, that had remained close all this while, could finally be opened from 15 October 2020, with
a 50% of their seating capacity.[78] On 3 November the Government of Kerala opened its tourism
sector by reopening hill stations, beaches, national park, and inter-state public transport
movement

The Government Of India has decided to open all educational institutions by January 2021
including schools and colleges and universities across India. The Government of Kerala has
decided to open its school from December 2020.

Unlock 6.0 (1–30 November)

On 27 October 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities permitted in
Unlock 6.0.[80][81][82] The Ministry of Home Affairs did not make any new changes to the existing
Unlock 5.0 guidelines in its latest instructions for another set of unlocking and said that they
would continue to be implemented in the month of November too.[83] Also, a handful of states
have allowed opening up of more activities outside containment zones and announced partial
reopening of schools.[84] Lockdown has been enforced time and again in spite of attempts to
permanently move towards an unlock phase.[85] The government of India has extended the ban
on scheduled international flights till January 31.[86]

Lockdown in 2021

In February end 2021, India got hit by the largest COVID wave. It is cited that people started
becoming careless, not wearing masks and not following social distancing, around November-
April. This wave caused a rapid surge in cases and deaths. Cases started to rise by March 2021,
resulting in state-wide lockdowns. In Maharashtra there were total 4 phases of lockdowns from
April to June.

April 5- 15 June 2021 (Lockdown Phase)

When cases rapidly increased in Maharashtra, CM Uddhav warned people on March 28, 2021 to
imposed complete lockdown and night curfew was imposed. Schools and offices remained shut.
On 4 April 2021 Maharashtra CM Uddhav Thackeray announced a lockdown till April 30. On 5
April 2021 everything began to close due to rise in COVID-19 second wave. Only online deliveries
were free at this stage. Films like Sooryavanshi, Bunty Aur Babli 2 got postphoned due to COVID-
19's 2nd Wave.

Several States And UTs Like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan, Bihar, NCT Of Delhi,
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, J&K, Ladakh, Goa,
Mizoram, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Puducherry, Telangana, Sikkim and Himachal
Pradesh imposed complete Lockdown whereas some like Punjab, Chandigarh, Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland Imposed Partial Lockdown and Major
Restrictions.

From 15 June 2021 , Many States started lifting lockdowns and restrictions and moved in Unlock
phase.

Impact
Food delivery services were banned by several state governments despite the central
government's approval.[87] Thousands of people emigrated out of major Indian cities, as they
became jobless after the lockdown.[88] Following the lockdown, India's electricity demand fell
down to a five-month low on 28 March 2020.[89] Many states were keen on opening up liquor
shops during the lockdown which was finally allowed in the 3rd phase beginning on 4 May.
Reports of a surge in illicit liquor sales and most importantly, drying up of revenue from liquor
sales was the main stimulation.[90][91]

Due to the lockdown, more than 350 deaths were reported as of 10 May, with reasons ranging
from starvation, suicides,[92] exhaustion,[93] road and rail accidents,[94] police brutality[95][96][97]
and denial of timely medical care.[98] Among the reported deaths, most were among the
marginalised migrants and labourers.[99][100]

Economic Impact

India had already been experiencing a prolonged economic slowdown.[101] The GDP growth rate
had fallen from 8.2% in January–March 2018 to 3.1% in January–March 2020.[102]

In the first quarter of the financial year 2020-2021, this number went into negative. The GDP
growth rate for April–June 2020 was -23.9%, which happened to be the worst ever in history.[103]
Crucial parameters like manufacturing, construction, trade, hotel industry saw a decline and slid
into negative. Manufacturing growth at -39.3%, Mining growth at -23.3%, Construction growth at
-50%, Trade & hotel industry growth at -47%.[103]

Migrant workers
Migrant workers stand in a queue for food at Delhi Government school during COVID-19 lockdown at Delhi

With factories and workplaces shut down, millions of migrant workers had to deal with the loss
of income, food shortages and uncertainty about their future.[104][105] Following this, many of
them and their families went hungry.[106] While government schemes ensured that the poor
would get additional rations due to the lockdown, the distribution system failed to be
effective.[107][108]

With no work and no money, thousands of migrant workers were seen walking or bicycling
hundreds of kilometres to go back to their native villages.[109] Many were arrested for violating
the lockdown[110] and some died of exhaustion[111] or in accidents on the roads.[112]

On 29 March 2020, the government ordered landlords to not demand rent and employers to pay
wages without deduction. It also announced that those who violated the lockdown were to be
sent to government-run quarantine facilities for 14 days.[113][114]

In its report to the Supreme Court of India on 31 March, the central government stated that the
migrant workers, apprehensive about their survival, moved in the panic created by fake news that
the lockdown would last for more than three months.[115][116]

In late March, the Uttar Pradesh government decided to arrange buses at Delhi's Anand Vihar
bus station to take the migrants back to their villages for free.[117] Migrants across the country
remained stranded till the last week of April, when the state governments were finally permitted
by the central government to operate buses, but not trains.[118]

On 1 May 2020, the central government allowed the Indian Railways to launch "Shramik Special"
trains for the migrant workers and others stranded.[119] Due to lack of coordination between
originating states and railways, reports were claiming that migrants were being charged for the
train tickets. The government faced criticism from the opposition.[120] The Railways later
clarified that it was bearing 85% of the total cost of running and the rest 15% which makes up
the ticket fare was being borne by the originating states.[121][122]

Despite the launching of special trains and buses by the government, the migrant workers chose
to either travel together in large groups. They did not wait their turn to board the government-
arranged transport, mainly due to starvation and eagerness to reach their homes soon.[123]
Additionally, they felt that going back to their hometowns, they could return to farming and take
up small jobs under the MNREGA.[124]
On 26 May 2020, the Supreme Court admitted that the problems of the migrants had still not
been solved and that there had been "inadequacies and certain lapses" on the part of the
governments. It thus ordered the Centre and States to provide free food, shelter, and transport to
stranded migrant workers.[125]

Food supply chain

The order issued by the Home Ministry on 24 March allowed the functioning of shops dealing
with food items as well as the manufacturing units and transportation of "essential goods".
However, the lack of clarity on "essential goods" meant that the policemen on the streets
stopped workers going to factories and the trucks carrying food items. Food industries also
faced shortages of labour because the workers were unable to reach workplaces and the factory
managers faced the fear of legal action. All these factors combined to result in shortages and a
rise in the prices of food items.[126] By the first week of April, essential industries such as
growing, harvesting, and food deliveries were allowed to operate.[127]

Relief

On 26 March 2020, the Indian government announced a relief package of $22.6 billion to assist
the poor population hit economically by the COVID-19 pandemic. The plan was to benefit the
migrant workers through cash transfers and initiatives for food security.[128] However, on 9 April
2020, economists and activists argued that a significant proportion of the affected population
was unable to avail the facilities. Only those registered with the federal food welfare scheme
were able to secure benefits.[129]

According to a Government of India report filed with the Supreme Court of India, as of 7 April,
state governments operated 22,567 relief camps for stranded migrant workers, of which 15,541
camps (amounting to 68% of all) were operated by Kerala, 1,135 camps by Maharashtra, 178
camps by Tamil Nadu and smaller numbers by other states. Non-governmental organisations
were operating 3,909 camps.[130]

On 12 May 2020, Narendra Modi announced that the government would provide 20 trillion
rupees ($266 billion) in support package in fiscal and monetary measures to support the
economy.[131]

Impact on environment
Rivers had become cleaner as industries were closed due to the lockdown.[132][133][134][135][136]
The quality of air had significantly improved during the lockdown especially in metropolitan
cities .[137]

Effectiveness

A poster for spreading awareness in India about the purpose of lockdown

People were seen breaching the lockdown and not following social distancing by crowding in
vegetable markets in some places.[138][139][140] On 29 March, Prime Minister Modi advised
against this, urging people to stay home in his Mann Ki Baat radio address.[141]

On 27 March 2020, the police arrested 8 people and registered a complaint against 150 people
in Hardoi for gathering at a mosque.[142] On 2 April 2020, thousands of people assembled at
temples in various parts of West Bengal defying the lockdown for celebrating Rama
Navami.[143][144] 12 members of Tablighi Jamaat were arrested on 5 April 2020 in Muzaffarnagar
for defying the lockdown and organising an event.[145] A priest in Andhra Pradesh was arrested
for defying the lockdown and organizing a gathering of 150 people in a church.[146]

According to a study at Shiv Nadar University, India could have witnessed a surge of 31,000
cases of disease between 24 March and 14 April without lockdown.[147] A group of researchers
at the University of Oxford who tracked the governmental policy measures to counter the
pandemic rated India's lockdown as one of the most stringent in the world, scoring "100 out of
100" on their tracker. They noted that India implemented school closures, border closure, travel
bans, etc. but they said it was too early to measure their success in containing the
pandemic.[148][149]

Shamika Ravi from Brookings Institution in India has noted that the growth rate of the pandemic
has slowed from doubling every three days before the lockdown to doubling every six days by 6
April. It was derailed in the intervening period by the Tablighi Jamaat super spreader event in
Nizamuddin.[5] By 25 April, it had further slowed to a rate of doubling every twelve days.[150]

In a routine press briefing on 22 May, Dr. VK Paul, chairman of the national task force on COVID-
19, along with officials from the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,
announced that the growth rate of new cases came down to 5.5% on 15 May from 22.6% on 3
April. The doubling rate of cases stood at 13.5 days. The death rate decreased to 5.5% from
48.1% on 5 April.

Based on estimation models from various independent sources and MoSPI it was predicted that
lockdown (1.0 + 2.0) helped avert 14-29 lakh cases and 37,000-78,000 deaths till 15
May.[151][152][153]

Among various estimation models presented at the briefing the one by Boston Consulting Group
showed that 1.2M-210,000 lives were saved and 36-70 lakh cases were averted due to the
lockdown till 15 May.[151] Another model by Public Health Foundation of India predicted that
78,000 deaths were averted during the period.[151]

Reception

Henk Bekedam, WHO Representative to India, praised the response describing it as "timely,
comprehensive and robust".[2] WHO executive director, Mike Ryan said that lockdowns alone will
not eliminate coronavirus. He said that India must take necessary measures to prevent a second
and third wave of infections.[154] On 3 April 2020, Dr David Nabarro, WHO's special envoy on the
disease, said that the "Lockdown in India was early, far-sighted and courageous" and was better
than waiting for another 3 or 4 weeks.[155]

In late March, two researchers from the University of Cambridge came up with a new
mathematical model that predicts a flat 49-day countrywide lockdown or sustained lockdown
with periodic relaxation extending over two months may be necessary to prevent COVID-19
resurgence in India.[156]
According to The Economist, the lockdown was "all but certain to have exacerbated" the
devastation of the pandemic.[157]

The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP) issued a report in late March, in
collaboration with researchers from Johns Hopkins University and Princeton University, where it
said that a national lockdown is not "productive" and could cause "serious economic damage". It
advocated state-level lockdowns in the most affected states. Its models predicted that in the
best-case scenario, a peak of one million hospitalisations would be encountered in early
June.[158][159][160][a] In an op-ed in The New York Times, the CDDEP director Laxminarayan
explained that if the national lockdown finds good compliance, it would reduce the peak
infections in early May by 70 to 80 percent, but still 1 million would require hospitalisation and
critical care. He further hypothesised If the lockdown was not imposed the number of critical
patients would have reached 5-6 million.[162]

The CDDEP released another report on 20 April, again in collaboration with researchers from
Johns Hopkins University and Princeton University. This report discussed the "potential impact
of the lockdown". The study concluded that the lockdown would help in significantly slowing the
spread of COVID-19 in the country. It said that the lockdown would buy the government critical
precursory time to expand COVID-19 healthcare infrastructure, by keeping the hospitalisation
rates in check and preventing the overwhelming of existing healthcare facilities. The study also
said that the lockdown measures like physical distancing, ban on social gatherings, and
movement restrictions would further delay and reduce the peak of infections and
hospitalisation.[163]

Economist Jean Drèze stated that the lockdown had been "almost a death sentence" for the
underprivileged of the country, in an interview with News18. He went on to say, "The policies are
made or influenced by a class of people who pay little attention to the consequences for the
underprivileged".[164]

See also

Wikiquote has quotations related to: COVID-19 lockdown in India

COVID-19 lockdown in China

COVID-19 lockdown in Italy

Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon

Malaysian movement control order

Indonesia large-scale social restrictions

2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures

COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines

COVID-19 lockdowns

Notes

a. There was some confusion regarding the involvement of the Johns Hopkins University as the University
said that the use of its logo was unauthorised. However, the University's International Health Twitter
handle reaffirmed its association with the CDDEP and the report. The Princeton University also
acknowledged the affiliation of its researchers and pointed out that the work will be submitted to peer
review.[161]

References

1. Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schultz, Kai (24 March 2020). "Modi Orders 3-Week Total Lockdown for All 1.3 Billion
Indians" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/24/world/asia/india-coronavirus-lockdown.html) . The
New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) .

2. "COVID-19: Lockdown across India, in line with WHO guidance" (https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1

060132) . UN News. 22 March 2020.

3. Helen Regan; Esha Mitra; Swati Gupta. "India places millions under lockdown to fight coronavirus" (http
s://www.cnn.com/2020/03/23/asia/coronavirus-covid-19-update-india-intl-hnk/index.html) . CNN.

4. "India racked by greatest exodus since partition due to coronavirus" (https://www.theguardian.com/worl

d/2020/mar/30/india-wracked-by-greatest-exodus-since-partition-due-to-coronavirus) . The Guardian.
30 March 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

5. Sandhya Ramesh (14 April 2020). "R0 data shows India's coronavirus infection rate has slowed, gives
lockdown a thumbs up" (https://theprint.in/science/r0-data-shows-indias-coronavirus-infection-rate-has-s
lowed-gives-lockdown-a-thumbs-up/399734/) . ThePrint. Retrieved 2 May 2020.

6. Gupta, Shekhar (18 April 2020). "Covid hasn't gone viral in India yet, but some in the world & at home can't
accept the truth" (https://theprint.in/national-interest/covid-hasnt-gone-viral-in-india-yet-but-some-in-the-
world-at-home-cant-accept-the-truth/404178/) . ThePrint. Retrieved 2 May 2020.

7. "Close schools, all religious activities, extend lockdown: States tell Centre" (https://www.indiatoday.in/indi
a/story/close-schools-all-religious-activities-extend-lockdown-states-tell-centre-1664354-2020-04-07) .
India Today. 7 April 2020.
 8. Anuja (10 April 2020). "Taking cues from Odisha, Punjab extends lockdown till 1 May" (https://www.livemi
nt.com/news/india/taking-cues-from-odisha-punjab-extends-lockdown-till-1-may-11586520697517.ht
ml) . Livemint. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

9. "Covid-19: Karnataka extends lockdown by 2 weeks, throws in some relaxations" (https://www.hindustant

imes.com/india-news/covid-19-karnataka-extends-lockdown-by-2-weeks-throws-in-some-relaxations/stor
y-03KKPWk1Hu6Xe2ThcFhBWI.html) . HT Digital Streams Ltd. 11 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.

10. "Coronavirus India Live Updates: Telangana follows Maha and West Bengal, extends lockdown till April
30" (https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/coronavirus-cases-in-india-live-new
s-latest-updates-april11/liveblog/75089891.cms) . Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. 12 April 2020. Retrieved
13 April 2020.

11. "PM Modi announces extension of lockdown till 3 May" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-modi-

announces-extension-of-lockdown-till-3-may-11586839412073.html) . Livemint. 14 April 2020.

12. "2 More Weeks Of Lockdown Starting May 4" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nationwide-lockdown-ov

er-coronavirus-extended-for-two-weeks-beyond-may-4-2221782) . NDTV.com. Retrieved 1 May 2020.

13. "Centre extends nationwide lockdown till May 31, new guidelines issued" (https://www.tribuneindia.com/
news/nation/centre-extends-nationwide-lockdown-till-may-31-new-guidelines-issued-86042) .
Tribuneindia News Service. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.

14. Sharma, Neeta (30 May 2020). Ghosh, Deepshikha (ed.). " "Unlock1": Malls, Restaurants, Places Of
Worship To Reopen June 8" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lockdown-extended-till-june-30-malls-rest
aurants-can-reopen-from-june-8-except-in-containment-zones-2237910) . NDTV. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

15. "Lockdown phase over, says Narendra Modi" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/lockdo

wn-phase-over-says-modi/article31855472.ece) . The Hindu. 17 June 2020. ISSN 0971-751X (https://w
ww.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 8 July 2020.

16. Tiwary, Deeptiman (30 June 2020). "Unlock 2: More flights, trains, but no schools and colleges till July 31"
(https://indianexpress.com/article/coronavirus/unlock-2-guidelines-july-coronavirus-6482179/) . The
Indian Express. Retrieved 1 July 2020.

17. "Unlock 3.0 guidelines: Here is what's allowed, what's not" (https://indianexpress.com/article/india/unloc
k-3-0-guidelines-rules-whats-allowed-whats-not-6529596/) . The Indian Express. 30 July 2020. Retrieved
1 August 2020.

18. "Unlock 4.0: Schools to reopen for Classes 9 to 12 from 21 Sep on voluntary basis; Centre issues
guidelines - India News , Firstpost" (https://www.firstpost.com/india/unlock-4-0-schools-to-reopen-for-cla
sses-9-to-12-from-21-sep-on-voluntary-basis-centre-issues-guidelines-8797971.html) . Firstpost. 9
September 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2020.

19. "Unlock 5.0 Guideline: जानें- ट्रेन, सिनेमा हॉल, स्कू ल के साथ क्या-क्या खुलने के हैं आसार" (https://www.jagran.com/ne
ws/national-unlock-5-full-guidelines-know-what-to-open-from-1-october2020-20808875.html) . Dainik
Jagran (in Hindi). Retrieved 30 September 2020.
20. Desk, India com Hindi News. "Unlock 6.0 Guidelines: आज से देश में शुरू हुआ 'अनलॉक 6.0', जानें क्या खुलेगा और
क्या अब भी रहेगा बंद…" (https://www.india.com/hindi-news/india-hindi/unlock-6-0-guidelines-unlock-6-0-start
s-from-today-in-india-know-whats-allowed-and-whats-not-unlock-6-full-guidelines-4193462/) . India
News, Breaking News, Entertainment News | India.com (in Hindi). Retrieved 11 November 2020.

21. Desk, Careerindia Hindi (25 November 2020). "Unlock 7.0 Guidelines In Hindi: 1 दिसंबर से क्या खुलेगा क्या बंद
रहेगा, अनलॉक 7 के दिशानिर्देश पढ़ें " (https://hindi.careerindia.com/news/unlock-7-0-guidelines-in-hindi-for-dece
mber-2020-002841.html) . Career India (in Hindi). Retrieved 11 December 2020.

22. Staff Writer (16 April 2021). "UP govt imposes Sunday lockdown in the state. Details here" (https://www.li
vemint.com/news/india/up-govt-imposes-sunday-lockdown-in-the-state-details-here-11618559971928.
html) . mint. Retrieved 16 April 2021.

23. Shreya (15 April 2021). "Covid-19 spike: Kejriwal announces weekend curfew in Delhi" (https://www.onein
dia.com/india/lockdown-in-delhi-kejriwal-holds-review-meet-with-l-g-announcement-likely-at-1-pm-324500
4.html) . oneindia. Retrieved 16 April 2021.

24. Ward, Alex (24 March 2020). "India's coronavirus lockdown and its looming crisis, explained" (https://ww
w.vox.com/2020/3/24/21190868/coronavirus-india-modi-lockdown-kashmir) . Vox.

25. "PM Modi calls for 'Janata curfew' on March 22 from 7 am -9 pm" (https://www.thehindubusinessline.co
m/news/pm-modi-calls-for-janta-curfew-on-march-22-from-7-am-9-pm/article31110155.ece) .
BusinessLine.

26. "India's 1.3bn population told to stay at home" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-

52024239) . BBC News. 25 March 2020.

27. "21-day lockdown in entire India to fight coronavirus, announces PM Narendra Modi" (https://www.indiato
day.in/india/story/india-lockdown-pm-narendra-modi-speech-coronavirus-1659266-2020-03-24) . India
Today.

28. "PM calls for complete lockdown of entire nation for 21 days" (https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?
PRID=1608009) . Press Information Bureau.

29. "UP Officials Seen With Crowd Amid 'Janata Curfew'. Then, A Clarification" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-n
ews/up-officials-seen-with-crowd-amid-janata-curfew-then-a-clarification-2198993) . NDTV.com.

30. DelhiMarch 19, India Today Web Desk New; March 19, India Today Web Desk New; Ist, India Today Web
Desk New. "What is Janata Curfew: A curfew of the people, by the people, for the people to fight
coronavirus" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/janata-curfew-to-fight-coronavirus-pm-modi-urges-citi
zens-to-stay-off-roads-from-7-am-to-9-pm-on-sunday-1657581-2020-03-19) . India Today. Retrieved
19 March 2020.

31. "PM Modi Speech on Coronavirus Highlights: Janata Curfew on Sunday, Avoid Panic Buying" (https://ww
w.news18.com/news/india/pm-modi-speech-on-coronavirus-highlights-janata-curfew-on-sunday-avoid-pa
nic-buying-2543315.html) . News18. Retrieved 19 March 2020.

32. "Guidelines.pdf" (https://mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/Guidelines.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs.

33. Tripathi, Rahul (25 March 2020). "India 21-day Lockdown: What is exempted, what is not" (https://econom
ictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-21-day-lockdown-what-is-exempted-what-is-not/a
rticleshow/74798725.cms) . The Economic Times.

34. "MHA extend lockdown period" (https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHA%20Order%20Dt.%201.

5.2020%20to%20extend%20Lockdown%20period%20for%202%20weeks%20w.e.f.%204.5.2020%20with%
20new%20guidelines.pdf) (PDF). mha.gov.in. Retrieved 8 May 2020.

35. "Unlock 2.0 guidelines: Full list of what is allowed, and what is not" (https://indianexpress.com/article/ind
ia/india-unlock-2-guidelines-rules-what-is-allowed-coronavirus-6482192/) . The Indian Express. 30 June
2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.

36. S, Kamaljit Kaur; DelhiMay 1, hu New; May 1, 2020UPDATED; Ist, 2020 21:38. "Lockdown extended: Liquor
shops to open in all zones with these riders" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lockdown-extended-li
quor-shops-open-zones-restrictions-hotspots-1673431-2020-05-01) . India Today. Retrieved 23 July
2020.

37. Shekhar, Himanshu (4 May 2020). "Social distancing what? Long queues, chaos as liquor shops reopen
across country" (https://www.indiatvnews.com/business/news-liquor-shops-reopen-india-lockdown-3-gro
und-report-photos-614111) . indiatvnews.com. Retrieved 23 July 2020.

38. DelhiMay 4, India Today Web Desk New; May 4, 2020UPDATED; Ist, 2020 14:13. "Long queues outside
liquor shops, social distancing goes for a toss as govt relaxes lockdown" (https://www.indiatoday.in/indi
a/story/long-queues-outside-delhi-liquor-shops-no-social-distancing-1674136-2020-05-04) . India
Today. Retrieved 23 July 2020.

39. parab, bhagwan (6 May 2020). "Mumbai shuts non-essential, liquor shops after lockdown norms flouted"
(https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/060520/mumbai-shuts-non-essential-liquor-sh
ops-after-lockdown-norms-flouted.html) . Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 23 July 2020.

40. " 'Special Corona Fee' on liquor in Delhi" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/special-

corona-fee-on-liquor-in-delhi/article31505758.ece) . The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 5 May 2020.
ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 23 July 2020.

41. "Liquor prices hiked in Andhra Pradesh by 75%" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/andhra-pradesh-g

ovt-hikes-liquor-prices-by-another-50-per-cent-11588657908671.html) . Livemint. 5 May 2020. Retrieved
23 July 2020.

42. "TASMAC increases prices of liquor" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/tasmac-incre

ases-prices-of-liquor/article31516124.ece) . The Hindu. Special Correspondent. 6 May 2020.
ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 23 July 2020.

43. "e-token system launched to buy liquor" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/e-token-system-la

unched-to-buy-liquor/article31530415.ece) . The Hindu. 8 May 2020. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worl
dcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 23 July 2020.
44. "Home delivery of liquor: State-wise official website links to order online" (https://www.timesnownews.co
m/india/article/home-delivery-of-liquor-state-wise-official-website-links-to-order-online/590395) .
timesnownews.com. Retrieved 23 July 2020.

45. Singh, Karan Deep; Goel, Vindu; Kumar, Hari; Gettleman, Jeffrey (25 March 2020). "India, Day 1: World's
Largest Coronavirus Lockdown Begins" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/25/world/asia/india-lockdo
wn-coronavirus.html) . The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4
331) .

46. Covid-19: People flock to wholesale markets in UP, West Bengal amidst lockdown (https://economictime
s.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-people-flock-to-wholesale-markets-in-up-west-beng
al-amid-lockdown/videoshow/74787095.cms) , ANI, 24 March 2020

47. "Day 1 of coronavirus lockdown: India registers 101 new cases, 3 deaths; Govt says working to deliver
essential services" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/day-1-of-coronavirus-lockdown-india-registers-
88-new-cases-3-deaths-govt-says-working-to-deliver-essential-services-1659742-2020-03-25) . India
Today.

48. "Rs 2.3 trillion for 1.3 billion: Govt to announce stimulus package to fight coronavirus, says report" (http
s://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-stimulus-package-for-businesses-poor-modi-govt-1659698
-2020-03-25) . India Today.

49. "FM Nirmala Sitharaman announces Rs 1.7 lakh crore relief package for poor" (https://economictimes.ind
iatimes.com/news/economy/policy/fm-nirmala-sitharaman-announces-rs-1-7-lakh-crore-relief-package-f
or-poor/articleshow/74825054.cms?from=mdr) . The Economic Times. 27 March 2020.

50. Choudhury, Saheli Roy (26 March 2020). "India announces $22.5 billion stimulus package to help those
affected by the lockdown" (https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/26/coronavirus-india-needs-a-support-packa
ge-larger-than-20-billion-dollars.html) . CNBC.

51. "RBI cuts rates, allows moratorium on auto, home loan EMIs" (https://www.thehindu.com/business/home
-auto-loans-deferred-for-3-months/article31179786.ece) . The Hindu. 27 March 2020. ISSN 0971-751X
(https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) .

52. Nandi, Tamal (27 March 2020). "How Indian Railways continuing its freight operations post lockdown" (ht
tps://www.livemint.com/news/india/indian-railways-continuing-its-freight-operations-post-22-march-lock
down-11585314775866.html) . Livemint. Retrieved 30 March 2020.

53. Nandi, Shreya (29 March 2020). "Covid-19: Railways resumes parcel trains to transport essential goods"
(https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-19-railways-resumes-parcel-trains-to-transport-essential-go
ods-11585504148683.html) . Livemint. Retrieved 30 March 2020.

54. "Coronavirus Outbreak: Indian Railways converts non-AC train coach into isolation ward on trial basis" (ht
tps://www.firstpost.com/india/coronavirus-outbreak-indian-railways-converts-non-ac-train-coach-into-isol
ation-ward-on-trial-basis-8201221.html) . Firstpost. 28 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
55. Ramaprasad, Hema (6 April 2020). "India has closed its railways for the first time in 167 years. Now trains
are being turned into hospitals" (https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/05/asia/indian-railways-coronavirus-hos
pitals-intl-hnk/index.html) . CNN. Retrieved 6 April 2020.

56. "Looking back at anger" (https://web.archive.org/web/20050306025910/http://www.hindu.com/thehind

u/lr/2002/01/06/stories/2002010600140200.htm) . The Hindu. 6 January 2002. Archived from the
original (http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/lr/2002/01/06/stories/2002010600140200.htm) on 6 March
2005. Retrieved 11 February 2012.

57. "PM Modi urges countrymen to dispel the darkness spread by coronavirus by lighting a candle on April 5"
(https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pm-modi-urges-countrymen-to-dispel-t
he-darkness-spread-by-coronavirus-by-lighting-a-candle-on-april-5/articleshow/74959545.cms?from=m
dr) . The Economic Times. Retrieved 8 November 2020.

58. The Hindu Net Desk (3 April 2020). "Coronavirus | Switch off all lights and light lamps at 9 pm on 5 April,
says PM Modi" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/prime-minister-narendra-modi-live-updates-ap
ril-3-2020/article31243832.ece) . The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-7
51X) . Retrieved 8 November 2020.

59. "Odisha becomes first state to extend Covid-19 lockdown; sets April 30 as new date" (https://www.hindus
tantimes.com/india-news/odisha-becomes-first-state-to-extend-covid-19-lockdown-sets-april-30-as-new-
date/story-MLEr0Zie3fXZWufT1lC2QM.html) . Hindustan Times. 9 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.

60. "Coronavirus: Punjab govt extends lockdown till May 1" (https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/coro
navirus-punjab-govt-extends-lockdown-1665578-2020-04-10) . India Today. 10 April 2020.

61. "Maharashtra Lockdown at Least Till April 30, Says Uddhav Thackeray" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-new
s/coronavirus-lockdown-to-remain-till-april-30-says-maharashtra-chief-minister-uddhav-thackeray-2210
114) . NDTV. 11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

62. Dutta, Prabhash K. (14 April 2020). "In coronavirus lockdown extension, Modi wields stick, offers carrot
on exit route" (https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/in-coronavirus-lockdown-extension-
modi-wields-stick-offers-carrot-on-exit-route-1666741-2020-04-14) . India Today.

63. "India coronavirus: All major cities named Covid-19 'red zone' hotspots" (https://www.bbc.com/news/wor
ld-asia-india-52306225) . BBC. 16 April 2020.

64. "India to allow farmers back to work amid lockdown" (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-522

90761) . BBC News. 15 April 2020.

65. Aleem, Zeeshan (25 April 2020). "India takes a small step toward relaxing its strict lockdown" (https://ww
w.vox.com/2020/4/25/21236183/india-coronavirus-lockdown-small-business) . Vox.

66. "MHA allows movement of migrants, tourists, students stranded at various places" (https://www.livemint.
com/news/india/mha-allows-movement-of-migrants-tourists-students-stranded-at-various-places-11588
164377351.html) . Livemint. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
67. "Lockdown extended by 2 weeks, India split into red, green and orange zones" (https://economictimes.ind
iatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/govt-extends-lockdown-by-two-weeks-permits-considerable-relaxa
tions-in-green-and-orange-zones/articleshow/75491935.cms) . The Economic Times. 1 May 2020.
Retrieved 1 May 2020.

68. "Lockdown extended till May 17: Read MHA guideline" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200526080412/ht
tps://www.newsworld24.in/2020/05/lockdown-extension-till-may-17-read-mha-guidelines.html) . News
World24. 1 May 2020. Archived from the original (https://www.newsworld24.in/2020/05/lockdown-exten
sion-till-may-17-read-mha-guidelines.html) on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.

69. Thacker, Teena (1 May 2020). "Centre issues state-wise division of Covid-19 red, orange & green zones"
(https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/centre-issues-state-wise-division-of-co
vid-19-red-orange-green-zones/articleshow/75486277.cms) . The Economic Times.

70. "Red, Orange, Green Zone district-wise list for coronavirus lockdown: Complete classification of areas in
India" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/red-orange-green-zones-full-current-update-list-districts-stat
es-india-coronavirus-1673358-2020-05-01) . India Today. 1 May 2020.

71. "Coronavirus lockdown extended till 31 May, says NDMA" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/covid-1

9-lockdown-4-0-coronavirus-lockdown-extended-till-31-may-says-ndma-11589715203633.html) .
LiveMint. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.

72. "Lockdown 4.0 guidelines | What's allowed and what's not?" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lo
ckdown-40-guidelines-whats-allowed-and-whats-not/article31609394.ece) . The Hindu. 17 May 2020.
ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 17 May 2020.

73. "Lockdown 4.0 guidelines: Centre extends nationwide lockdown till May 31 with considerable relaxations"
(https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/centre-extends-nationwide-lockdown-ti
ll-may-31-with-considerable-relaxations/articleshow/75790821.cms) . The Economic Times. 18 May
2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.

74. "Lockdown 5.0 guidelines: What's allowed, what's not" (https://indianexpress.com/article/india/lockdown

-5-0-guidelines-6434777/) . The Indian Express. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

75. "Govt releases lockdown 5.0 guidelines: Here's what's allowed and what's not" (https://economictimes.in
diatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/centre-extends-lockdown-in-containment-zones-till-june-30/articl
eshow/76109621.cms) . The Economic Times. 30 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

76. "India unlock 3.0 guidelines: Interstate travel rules in the country" (https://www.timesnownews.com/aut
o/features/article/india-unlock-3-guidelines-interstate-travel-rules-in-the-country/630430) . Times Now.
1 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.

77. "Ministry of Home Affairs Unlock 4.0 official guidelines on their official website" (https://www.mha.gov.in/
sites/default/files/MHAOrder_Unlock4_29082020.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs.

78. "Ministry of Home Affairs Unlock 5.0 official guidelines on their official website" (https://www.mha.gov.in/
sites/default/files/MHAOrderDt_30092020.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs.
79. GoI, MHA (30 September 2020). "MHA issues new Guidelines for Re-opening" (https://mha.gov.in/sites/d
efault/files/MHANewguidelines_30092020.pdf) (PDF). PIB Delhi. Retrieved 3 October 2020.

80. "MHA Order Dt, 27.10.2020 reg extension of guidelines of reopening upto 30.11.2020" (https://mha.gov.i
n/sites/default/files/MHAOrderDt_27102020.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI. 27 October
2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.

81. "MHA DO Dt. 27.10.2020 to all Chief Secretaries reg extension of reopening upto 30.11.2020" (https://mh
a.gov.in/sites/default/files/MHADODt_27102020toallChiefSecretaries_27102020.pdf) (PDF). Ministry
of Home Affairs, GoI. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.

82. "MHA DO Dt. 27.10.2020 to all Administrators reg extension of reopening upto 30.11.2020" (https://mha.
gov.in/sites/default/files/MHADODt_27102020toallAdministrators_27102020.pdf) (PDF). Ministry of
Home Affairs, GoI. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.

83. "Unlock 6.0 latest guidelines: What do they mean for schools, colleges, other educational institutions" (htt
ps://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-unlock-6-read-here-what-the-government-s-latest-guidelines-for-sch
ools-colleges-educational-institutions-mean-indiacom-report-2853033) . DNA India. 29 October 2020.
Retrieved 11 November 2020.

84. "Unlock 6.0 guidelines: Which states have allowed more relaxations in Nov?" (https://indianexpress.com/
article/explained/unlock-guidelines-november-state-wise-relaxations-delhi-maharashtra-tamil-nadu-odish
a-6911609/) . The Indian Express. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.

85. Mahamulkar, Sujit. "Lockdown Extension in Maharashtra: Maharashtra extends lockdown till January 31 |
Mumbai News - Times of India" (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/lockdown-restrictions-
in-maharashtra-extended-till-january-31/articleshow/80023646.cms) . The Times of India. Retrieved
31 December 2020.

86. "India extends ban on scheduled international flights till January 31" (https://www.timesnownews.com/b
usiness-economy/companies/article/india-extends-ban-on-scheduled-international-flights-till-january/7
01000) . www.timesnownews.com. Retrieved 31 December 2020.

87. Shrivastava, Aditi. "Zomato, Swiggy ordered to shut down in several states" (https://tech.economictimes.i
ndiatimes.com/news/internet/zomato-swiggy-ordered-to-shut-down-in-several-states/74828652) . The
Economic Times.

88. Priyali Sur; Ben Westcott. "Indian migrant workers face tough choice amid world's largest lockdown" (http
s://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/27/india/coronavirus-covid-19-india-2703-intl-hnk/index.html) . CNN.
Retrieved 28 March 2020.

89. "Coronavirus effect: India's electricity demand falls to 5-month low after lockdown" (https://www.indiatod
ay.in/business/story/coronavirus-effect-india-s-electricity-demand-falls-to-5-month-low-after-lockdown-1
660339-2020-03-27) . India Today.
 90. Dutta, Prabhash (16 April 2020). "Not love for liquor but money, why states want alcohol to flow during
coronavirus lockdown" (https://www.indiatoday.in/news-analysis/story/not-love-for-liquor-but-money-why
-states-want-alcohol-to-flow-during-coronavirus-lockdown-1667221-2020-04-15) . Living Media India
Ltd. Retrieved 22 April 2020.

91. Kumar, Ravi Prakash (2 May 2020). "Liquor shops in India to open from Monday but conditions apply" (htt
ps://www.livemint.com/news/india/liquor-shops-in-india-to-open-from-monday-but-conditions-apply-115
88406220461.html) . livemint.com. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

92. Elsa, Evangeline (15 April 2020). "The human cost of India's coronavirus lockdown: Deaths by hunger,
starvation, suicide and more" (https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/the-human-cost-of-indias-coronavir
us-lockdown-deaths-by-hunger-starvation-suicide-and-more-1.1586956637547) . Gulf News. Retrieved
13 May 2020.

93. "Suicide leading cause for over 300 lockdown deaths in India, says study" (https://economictimes.indiati
mes.com/news/politics-and-nation/suicide-leading-cause-for-over-300-lockdown-deaths-in-india-says-stu
dy/articleshow/75519279.cms) . The Economic Times. 5 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

94. Gettleman, Jeffrey; Raj, Suhasini; Kumar, Hari (8 May 2020). "As India Reopens, Deadly Accidents Break
Out" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/08/world/asia/india-leak-train-reopen.html) . The New York
Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved 13 May 2020.

95. Inamdar, Nadeem (27 March 2020). "Covid-19: Probe ordered into ambulance driver's death after assault
by policeman" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/covid-19-probe-ordered-into-ambulance-driver-s-
death-after-assault-by-policeman/story-45pj0d8MHMh4uudCnribWP.html) . Hindustan Times. Retrieved
13 May 2020.

96. Srivastava, Piyush (19 April 2020). " 'Beaten' for stepping out for biscuits, UP teen dies" (https://www.tele
graphindia.com/india/coronavirus-lockdown-beaten-for-stepping-out-for-biscuits-uttar-pradesh-teen-dies/
cid/1766154) . The Telegraph. Kolkota. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

97. Singh, Anuraag (20 April 2020). "Farmer beaten by cops amid lockdown dies in Madhya Pradesh, six
officers suspended, SP transferred" (https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/apr/20/farmer-be
aten-by-cops-amid-lockdown-dies-in-madhya-pradesh-six-officers-suspended-sp-transferred-2132889.h
tml) . The New Indian Express. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

98. "Two more gas tragedy victims die of COVID-19 in Bhopal; toll reaches seven" (https://www.newindianexp
ress.com/nation/2020/apr/21/two-more-gas-tragedy-victims-die-of-covid-19-in-bhopal-toll-reaches-seven
-2133237.html) . The New Indian Express. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

99. Vij, Shivam (13 April 2020). "More than 300 Indians have died of the coronavirus, and nearly 200 of the
lockdown" (https://theprint.in/opinion/more-than-300-indians-have-died-of-the-coronavirus-and-nearly-20
0-of-the-lockdown/400714/) . ThePrint. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

100. Agarwal, Kabir (10 May 2020). "Not Just the Aurangabad Accident, 383 People Have Died Due to the
Punitive Lockdown" (https://thewire.in/rights/migrant-workers-non-coronavirus-lockdown-deaths) . The
Wire. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
101. "Addressing pre-Covid issues to be crucial for India's recovery" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-n
ews/addressing-pre-covid-issues-to-be-crucial-for-india-s-recovery/story-KA18SAGU9Uvt0X4pCqAi6H.h
tml) . Hindustan Times. 6 June 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.

102. "Infographic: India's GDP Collapses In Face of Pandemic" (https://www.statista.com/chart/18245/india-q

uarterly-gdp-growth/) . Statista Infographics. Retrieved 4 September 2020.

103. DelhiSeptember 1, Aishwarya Paliwal New; September 1, 2020UPDATED; Ist, 2020 13:48. "At -23.9%,
India's first-quarter GDP data worst in history: A look at past numbers" (https://www.indiatoday.in/diu/sto
ry/india-first-quarter-gdp-data-worst-1717384-2020-09-01) . India Today. Retrieved 4 September 2020.

104. Slater, Joanna; Masih, Niha (28 March 2020). "In India, the world's biggest lockdown has forced migrants
to walk hundreds of miles home" (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/india-coronaviru
s-lockdown-migrant-workers/2020/03/27/a62df166-6f7d-11ea-a156-0048b62cdb51_story.html) . The
Washington Post. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

105. Singh, Kanika (6 April 2020). "Coronavirus outbreak: Ensuring water, hygiene facilities for migrant
labourers can safeguard millions stranded during shutdown" (https://www.firstpost.com/india/coronaviru
s-outbreak-ensuring-water-hygiene-facilities-for-migrant-labourers-can-safeguard-millions-stranded-durin
g-shutdown-8228331.html) . Firstpost. Retrieved 16 May 2020.

106. Abi-Habib, Maria; Yasir, Sameer (29 March 2020). "India's Coronavirus Lockdown Leaves Vast Numbers
Stranded and Hungry" (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/29/world/asia/coronavirus-india-migrants.h
tml) . The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved
13 May 2020.

107. Jebaraj, Priscilla (8 May 2020). "Inter-State ration card portability usage very low: Food Minister" (https://
www.thehindu.com/news/national/inter-state-ration-card-portability-usage-very-low-food-minister/article
31537575.ece) . The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved
9 May 2020.

108. Kumar Gunjan, Rounak (15 April 2020). "Impatient, Starving, Angry: As India Extends Lockdown, Stranded
Migrant Workers Emerge as Crisis in Making" (https://www.news18.com/news/india/impatient-starving-a
ngry-as-india-battles-pandemic-stranded-migrant-workers-emerge-as-crisis-in-the-making-2578109.htm
l) . News18. Retrieved 9 May 2020.

109. Jaiswal, Pankaj (26 March 2020). "Coronavirus update: A long walk home on empty stomachs for
masked migrants" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/caught-in-the-middle-of-an-epidemic/st
ory-kJhANZhDiU7SkU5OYUKJbO.html) . Hindustan Times. Retrieved 9 May 2020.

110. Babu, Venkatesha; Saini, Sachin; Swaroop, Vijay (8 May 2020). "Across the country, migrants still forced
to walk thousands of miles" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/similar-scenes-in-several-stat
es-despite-new-trains/story-YL9qNcF315SA5o645aj1DP.html) . Hindustan Times. Retrieved 9 May
2020.
111. Elsa, Evangeline (21 April 2020). "Coronavirus lockdown: 12-year-old Indian migrant worker walks 100 km,
dies just 11km away from home" (https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/coronavirus-lockdown-12-year-
old-indian-migrant-worker-walks-100-km-dies-just-11km-away-from-home-1.1587462168019) . Gulf
News. Retrieved 9 May 2020.

112. Warsi, Zeba (7 May 2020). "42 Migrant Workers Died in Road Accidents While Trying to Return Home
during Lockdown: Report" (https://www.news18.com/news/india/42-migrant-workers-died-in-road-accide
nts-while-trying-to-return-to-their-home-states-during-lockdown-report-2609841.html) . News18.
Retrieved 9 May 2020.

113. Pandey, Devesh K. (29 March 2020). "Coronavirus | Migrant workers to be stopped, quarantined at
borders, says Centre" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-centre-warns-lockdown-viol
ators-of-14-day-quarantine/article31198038.ece) . The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.o
rg/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 2 May 2020.

114. Dubey, Vivek (29 March 2020). "Coronavirus crisis: Landlords can't ask rent from students, workers for 1
month" (https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/coronavirus-crisis-landlords-can-not-ask
-rent-from-students-workers-for-1-month/story/399551.html) . Business Today.

115. Chaturvedi, Arpan (1 April 2020). "Government Effort To Restrain Media Coverage Of Pandemic Met With
Supreme Court Caution" (https://www.bloombergquint.com/law-and-policy/government-effort-to-restrain-
media-coverage-of-pandemic-met-with-supreme-court-caution) . BloombergQuint. Retrieved 10 May
2020.

116. Rajalakshmi, T. K. (1 April 2020). "Centre blames media 'fake news' for mass migration during lockdown"
(https://frontline.thehindu.com/dispatches/article31228357.ece) . The Hindu Frontline. Retrieved
10 May 2020.

117. Jha, Somesh (29 March 2020). "Fighting Covid-19: After the long walk, jobless migrants head home by
bus" (https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/fighting-covid-19-after-the-long-walk-job
less-migrants-head-home-by-bus-120032900041_1.html) . Business Standard India. Retrieved 2 May
2020.

118. Gunasekar, Arvind (30 April 2020). "Buses Not Feasible For Moving Migrants, States Appeal To Centre:
Sources" (https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/buses-not-feasible-for-moving-migrants-states-appeal-to-ce
ntre-sources-2221212) . NDTV. Retrieved 9 May 2020.

119. Bhargava, Yuthika (1 May 2020). "Coronavirus lockdown | Railways to run 'Shramik Special' trains to move
migrant workers, other stranded persons" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/railways-to-run-shra
mik-special-trains-to-move-migrant-workers-other-stranded-persons/article31481996.ece) . The Hindu.
ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 9 May 2020.

120. Anuja; Varma, Gyan (4 May 2020). "Congress' move to sponsor rail fare for migrants sparks political
tussle" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/congress-will-pay-for-rail-travel-of-needy-and-migrants-son
ia-gandhi-11588564839050.html) . Livemint. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
121. "Migrants To Not Pay For Tickets Of Shramik Trains: Railway Board Chairman" (https://www.ndtv.com/ind
ia-news/covid-19-migrants-to-not-pay-for-tickets-of-shramik-trains-railway-board-chairman-2237452) .
NDTV.com. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

122. " 'Migrants Don't Have to Pay for Shramik Trains,' Clarify Railways" (https://www.thequint.com/news/indi
a/migrants-dont-have-to-pay-for-shramik-trains-railways-clarify-coronavirus-lockdown-news) . The Quint.
29 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

123. Venkatraman, Tanushree; Chauhan, Saurabh; Dey, Sanjoy; Mishra, Ritesh (16 May 2020). "In long walk
back home, migrants battle hunger, scourge of Covid-19" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/i
n-long-walk-back-home-migrants-battle-hunger-scourge-of-disease/story-TizRfUz69osJQ0Uqmm6jZN.h
tml) . Hindustan Times. Retrieved 16 May 2020.

124. "AP PHOTOS: An Army of Indian Migrant Workers Heads Home" (https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/202
0/05/16/world/asia/ap-as-virus-outbreak-india-migrants-photo-gallery.html) . The New York Times. The
Associated Press. 16 May 2020. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) .
Retrieved 16 May 2020.

125. Rajagopal, Krishnadas (26 May 2020). "Supreme Court orders Centre and States to immediately provide
transport, food and shelter free of cost to stranded migrant workers" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/n
ational/supreme-court-takes-suo-motu-cognisance-of-migrant-workers-issue/article31679389.ece) .
The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 27 May 2020.

126. Hussain, Siraj (29 March 2020). "COVID-19 Border Lockdown: How Precariously Placed are Our Food
Supply Chains?" (https://thewire.in/economy/covid-19-border-lockdown-how-precariously-placed-are-our-
food-supply-chains) . The Wire.

127. "India's Food Supply Chain Frays as People Stay Home" (https://www.wsj.com/articles/indias-food-supply
-chain-frays-as-people-stay-home-11586343607) . 8 April 2020.

128. "India Unveils $22.6 Billion Stimulus Plan to Ease Virus Pain" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/article
s/2020-03-26/india-unveils-22-6-billion-stimulus-to-counter-virus-fallout) . Bloomberg. Retrieved
26 March 2020.

129. Bhardwaj, Zeba Siddiqui (10 April 2020). "India's coronavirus relief plan could leave millions without food
aid, activists say" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-india-poverty-idUSKCN21S12
2) . Reuters. Retrieved 10 April 2020.

130. "Coronavirus | Centre files report on migrant workers" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronav

irus-centre-files-report-on-migrant-workers/article31283896.ece) . The Hindu. 7 April 2020. ISSN 0971-
751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) . Retrieved 2 May 2020.

131. "India's Modi announces $266 bln economic package after coronavirus hit" (https://www.reuters.com/arti
cle/health-coronavirus-india-economy-idUSD8N28100W) . Reuters. 12 May 2020. Retrieved 13 May
2020.
132. "Lockdown makes Ganga water significantly cleaner" (https://www.livemint.com/news/india/lockdown-m
akes-ganga-water-significantly-cleaner-11586022134242.html) . LiveMint. 4 April 2020. Retrieved
22 April 2020.

133. Naqvi, Haider; Kumar, Sudhir (4 April 2020). "Lockdown does what decades of schemes couldn't: Clean
Ganga" (https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/anxiety-more-time-to-study-for-40k-students-stran
ded-in-kota/story-LgCluBkrFEITG9qyX16IEI.html) . HT Digital Streams Ltd. Retrieved 22 April 2020.

134. Mandyam, Nithya (15 April 2020). "Karnataka: Frothing reduces, Vrishabhavathi water crystal clear after
decades" (https://m.timesofindia.com/city/bengaluru/karnataka-frothing-reduces-vrishabhavathi-water-c
rystal-clear-after-decades/articleshow/75150777.cms) . Bennett, Coleman and Company Ltd. Retrieved
22 April 2020.

135. "India's coronavirus lockdown reveals fresh air, cleaner rivers" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coro
navirus-lockdown-india-fresh-air-clean-rivers-1669726-2020-04-22) . Living Media India Ltd. 22 April
2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.

136. Babu, Nikhil (14 April 2020). "Yamuna cleaner due to lockdown" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/
Delhi/yamuna-cleaner-due-to-lockdown/article31342401.ece) . The Hindu. Retrieved 22 April 2020.

137. "The silver lining: air pollution dips amid the lockdown" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/sto
ry/the-silver-lining-air-pollution-dips-amid-the-lockdown-1671422-2020-04-26) . Retrieved 2 May 2020.

138. "People throng vegetable market despite lockdown" (https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbator

e/people-throng-vegetable-market-despite-lockdown/article31167795.ece) . The Hindu. 25 March 2020.

139. "Karimnagar: Minister unhappy over people not following social distancing norms" (https://telanganatoda
y.com/karimnagar-minister-unhappy-over-people-not-following-social-distancing-norms) . Telangana
Today.

140. Rizvi, Sumaira (28 March 2020). "Clapping to slapping – India did everything other than social distancing
this week" (https://theprint.in/opinion/newsmaker-of-the-week/india-did-everything-other-than-social-dist
ancing/389778/) . ThePrint.

141. " 'I was extremely hurt...': Key highlights of PM Modi's Mann ki Baat address" (https://www.hindustantime
s.com/india-news/pm-modi-dedicates-mann-ki-baat-address-to-talk-about-coronavirus-crisis-key-highligh
ts/story-kHK3uV1NaIIP9ZasCb2jQO.html) . Hindustan Times. 29 March 2020.

142. "Lockdown violation: 8 arrested in Ayodhya, over 150 booked in Hardoi for assembling in mosques" (http
s://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/lockdown-violation-8-arrested-in-ayodhya-over-150-booked-in-har
doi-for-assembling-in-mosques/story-Kqxj5u6AP6BmGSlRjWpHUK.html) . Hindustan Times. 27 March
2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.

143. "Defying lockdown, devotees in Bengal assemble at temples on Ram Navami" (https://www.thehindu.co
m/news/cities/kolkata/defying-lockdown-devotees-in-bengal-assemble-at-temples-on-ram-navami/articl
e31237211.ece) . The Hindu. 2 April 2020. ISSN 0971-751X (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751
X) .
144. Press Trust of India (2 April 2020). "Devotees assemble in temples on Ram Navami in Bengal defying
lockdown" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/devotees-assemble-in-temples-on-ram-navami-in-benga
l-defying-lockdown-1662621-2020-04-02) . India Today.

145. "12 Tabligi Jamaat Members from Nepal Booked for Defying Lockdown Orders in UP's Muzaffarnagar" (ht
tps://www.news18.com/news/india/12-tabligi-jamaat-members-from-nepal-booked-for-defying-lockdown
-orders-in-ups-muzaffarnagar-2564823.html) . News18. 5 April 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.

146. "Andhra pastor arrested for defying lockdown, conducting Mass with 150 people" (https://www.business-
standard.com/article/news-ani/andhra-pastor-arrested-for-defying-lockdown-conducting-mass-with-150-
people-120040501023_1.html) . Business Standard India. ANI. 5 April 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.

147. Sagar Kulkarni (3 April 2020). "India would have seen 31,000 coronavirus cases without lockdown:
Researches" (https://www.deccanherald.com/national/india-would-have-seen-31000-coronavirus-cases-
without-lockdown-researches-821010.html) . Deccan Herald. Retrieved 4 April 2020.

148. "India implements strictest lockdown in the world, lags in testing: Expert" (https://www.indiatoday.in/indi
a/story/india-implements-strictest-lockdown-in-the-world-lags-in-testing-expert-1665604-2020-04-10) .
11 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

149. "Study reveals India's response to coronavirus most stringent" (https://www.cnbctv18.com/healthcare/st

udy-reveals-indias-response-to-coronavirus-most-stringent-5666531.htm) . 11 April 2020. Retrieved
11 April 2020.

150. Ravi, Shamika (25 April 2020). "Active cases in India as of April 25 (Brookings Institution India)" (https://t
witter.com/ShamikaRavi/status/1254258975656165377/photo/2) .

151. "Press Information Bureau" (https://pib.gov.in/WebcastMore.aspx?webcast_tempID=434) . pib.gov.in.

Retrieved 30 May 2020.

152. "At least 14-29 lakh Covid cases averted due to early lockdown: Govt" (https://indianexpress.com/article/i
ndia/at-least-14-29-lakh-covid-cases-averted-due-to-early-lockdown-govt-6422545/) . The Indian
Express. 22 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

153. "No. of COVID-19 cases averted due to lockdown is in 14-29 lakh range, 37000-78000 lives saved: Govt"
(https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/no-of-covid-19-cases-averted-due-to-lockdown-is-in-14-29-la
kh-range-37000-78000-lives-saved-govt/articleshow/75894356.cms) . Business Insider. Retrieved
30 May 2020.

154. "Lockdowns alone won't eliminate coronavirus: WHO to India" (https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coro

navirus-pandemic-who-india-lockdown-1659803-2020-03-26) . India Today.

155. " 'Lockdown in India was early, far-sighted and courageous': WHO envoy - india news" (https://www.hindu
stantimes.com/india-news/lockdown-in-india-was-early-this-was-far-sighted-courageous-move-who-speci
al-envoy-on-covid-19/story-wNdCkNVOqV5gCN8Du9jJ3N.html) . Hindustan Times. 2 April 2020.
Retrieved 6 April 2020.
156. "49-day lockdown necessary to stop coronavirus resurgence in India: Study" (https://www.livemint.com/n
ews/india/49-day-lockdown-necessary-to-stop-coronavirus-resurgence-in-india-study-1158547397984
4.html) . Livemint. 29 March 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.

157. "The hard choices covid policymakers face" (https://www.economist.com/briefing/2020/04/04/the-hard-

choices-covid-policymakers-face) . The Economist. 4 April 2020. ISSN 0013-0613 (https://www.worldca
t.org/issn/0013-0613) . Retrieved 17 June 2020.

158. "India may see 25 crore COVID-19 cases in next 3 months: Report" (https://www.outlookindia.com/newss
croll/india-may-see-25-crore-covid19-cases-in-next-3-months-report/1781248) . Outlook India.

159. Dharur, Suresh; Srinivasan, Venkataraghavan (29 March 2020). "The bad, the worse and the worst: Where
India is headed on COVID graph" (https://thefederal.com/analysis/the-bad-the-worse-and-the-worst-wher
e-india-is-headed-on-coronavirus-graph/) . The Federal.

160. "COVID-19 Modeling with IndiaSIM" (https://cddep.org/covid-19/) . Center for Disease Dynamics,
Economics & Policy (CDDEP). Retrieved 24 March 2020.

161. "Johns Hopkins University ties itself in knots over alarmist economist" (https://www.outlookindia.com/ne
wsscroll/johns-hopkins-university-ties-itself-in-knots-over-alarmist-economist/1783952) . Outlook. 29
March 2020.

162. Laxminarayan, Ramanan (27 March 2020). "Opinion | What India Needs to Fight the Virus" (https://www.n
ytimes.com/2020/03/27/opinion/india-coronavirus-lockdown.html) . The New York Times. ISSN 0362-
4331 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) .

163. "COVID-19 in India: Potential Impact of the Lockdown and Other Longer-Term Policies" (https://cddep.or
g/publications/covid-19-india-potential-impact-of-the-lockdown-and-other-longer-term-policies/) .
Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP). Retrieved 30 May 2020.

164. Nanda, Rupashree (1 May 2020). "Lockdown & Labour Pain: The Demand for MNREGA Work Has Never
Been so Strong, Says Economist Jean Dreze" (https://www.news18.com/news/india/lockdown-labour-pai
n-the-demand-for-mnrega-work-has-never-been-so-strong-says-economist-jean-dreze-2600383.html) .
News18. Retrieved 23 May 2020.

Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-
19_lockdown_in_India&oldid=1058029760"

Last edited 4 days ago by Prithvi23

Wikipedia