CLEFT SENTENCES (CÂU NHẤN MẠNH)

It + is / was + THÀNH PHẦN ĐƯỢC NHẤN MẠNH + that + THÀNH PHẦN CÒN LẠI CỦA CÂU
Câu chẻ được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần của câu như chủ từ, tân ngữ hay trạng từ.( không nhấn mạnh
vào động từ)
1. SUBJECT FOCUS (NHẤN MẠNH CHỦ NGỮ)
It + is/ was + subject (chủ ngữ) + that + verb (đô ̣ng từ): chính ai đó làm ………
1. My mother loves me most. (mẹ yêu tôi nhất)
 It is my mother that/ who loves me most.(chính mẹ là người yêu tôi nhất)
2. That man stole my wallet. (người đàn ông đó đã trô ̣m cái ví tiền của tôi)
 It was that man that stole my wallet. (chính người đàn ông đó đã trô ̣m cái ví tiền của tôi)
Note: Nếu chủ ngữ là người ta có thể dùng “ who” thay cho “that”

EXERCISES
1. My father usually complains about my students whenever they go to my house.
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2. I used to like climbing up tress and pick fruits.
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3. My neighbors always make noise at night.
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4. We often complains about the noise at night
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5. You gave her a bunch of rose last week.
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6. Our English teacher is the greatest teacher in the world.
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7. The earthquake destroyed everything two years ago.
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8. My recent computer helps me a lots in preparing tasks for my students.
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9. My students’ bad behavior made me sad yesterday morning.
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10. The man gave her the book
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11. The boy visited his uncle last month.
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12. I and she sang together at the party.
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13. Nam’s father got angry with him.
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14. The boys played football all day long.
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15. The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday.
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16. His presence at the meeting frightened the children.
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17. My mother bought me a present on my birthday party.
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18. The neighbor told them about it.
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19. My friend came to see me late last night.
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20. That boy scored the goal for his team.
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2. OBJECT FOCUS (NHẤN MẠNH TÂN NGỮ)

It + is/ was + object (t. ngữ) + that + clause (mê ̣nh đề= ch. ngữ + v. ngữ): chính ai/ cái gì đó, mô ̣t ai đó làm/ đã
làm…
1. I love my mother most. (tôi yêu mẹ tôi nhất)
 It is my mother that/ who/ whom I love most. (chính mẹ là người tôi yêu nhất)
2. I bought this motor in 2001. (tôi đã mua chiếc xe máy này vào năm 2001)
 It was this motor that I bought in 2001. (chính chiếc xe máy này tôi đã mua năm 2001)
Note: Khi nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ chỉ người ta có thể dùng “who/ whom” thay cho “ that”

EXERCISES
1. My younger sister always keeps her doll carefully.
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2. The boy hit the dog in the garden.
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3. The woman answered the man rudely.
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4. The boy played ping pong the whole afternoon.
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5. The girl gave the boy a special gift on his birthday.
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6. My wife gave this T-shirt to me on my last birthday party.
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7. I always keep your picture besides me.
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8. He borrowed the money from his close friend – Hoa.
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9. The police arrested the man at the railway station.
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10. The man is learning English.
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11. The woman gave him the English book.
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12. She sent her friend a post card.
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13. Hoa borrowed some English books from Long.
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14. The little boy greeted his grand father in a strange language.
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15. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions.
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16. The dog barked at the stranger.
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17. My mom is making some cakes for our dinner.
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18. We all saw her husband out side the theater lats night.
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19. Mr. Hao repaired the roof yesterday morning.
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20. I always meet my students in the café whenever I come there.
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3. ADVERBIAL FOCUS (NHẤN MẠNH TRẠNG TỪ)

It + is/ was + adverbial (trạng từ) + that + clause (mê ̣nh đề= ch. Ngữ + v. ngữ): chíng nơi nào đó/ chính lúc
nào đó, ai đó làm/ đã làm …………..
1.I was born in Can Duoc. (tôi được sinh ra ở Cần Đước)
 It was in Can Duoc that I was born. (chính Cần Đước là nơi tôi được sinh ra)
2.We often gather for our study at her house. (chúng tôi thường tâ ̣p trung để học tại nhà của cô ấy)
 It is at her house we often gather for our study. (chính tại nhà của cô ấy là nơi chúng tôi thường tâ ̣p hợp
để học).

EXERCISES
1. We were born in this place.
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2. We often gather for dinner in this restaurant.
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3. The boy hit the dog in the garden.
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4. He bought the book from that corner shop.
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5. She bought him a present at the shop.
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6. The meeting started at 8.00 a.m.
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7. We all bought those things from Susu shop.
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8. He met his wife in Britain.
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9. My mom presented a laptop on my birthday party.
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10. Kathy bought her husband an anniversary gift at a sports shop.
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11. He got married when he was 26 years old.
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12. They were having barbecue in the park.
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13. I met her on the way to school.
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14. They often had parties on the weekend.
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15. The police arrested the thief at the railway station.
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16. I gave him a photo album on his wedding day.
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17. We planted some young trees in the garden.
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18. I met my wife when I was a student at teacher training college.
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19. They were having a barbecue in the park.
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20. They often had parties on weekends.
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CLEFT SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE (CÂU NHẤN MẠNH Ở DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + P.P…

Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.

→ It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers.

b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + P.P…

Ex: People talk about this film.
→ It is this film that is talked about.
- Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer.
Note: Chỉ khi nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ ta mới có thể chuyển sang dạng bị động

EXERCISES
1. My husband watered the flowers every day.
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2. They celebrated their wedding last week.
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3. He described his hometown in his novel.
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4. Most girls like spring.
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5. My father bought the car for me on my birthday.
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6. The prince kissed my younger sister at the party.
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7. My younger sister always keeps her doll carefully.
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8. The boy hit the dog in the garden
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9. The woman answered the man rudely.
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10. The boy played ping pong the whole afternoon.
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11. The girl gave the boy a special gift on his birthday.
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12. My wife gave this T-shirt to me on my last birthday party.
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13. I always keep your picture besides me.
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14. He borrowed the money from his close friend – Hoa.
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15. The police arrested the man at the railway station.
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16. The man is learning English.
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17. The woman gave him the English book.
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18. She sent her friend a post card
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19. Hoa borrowed some English books from Long.
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20. The little boy greeted his grand father in a strange language.
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CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1. ________ I bought the golden fish.
       A. It was from this shop that                     B. I was from this shop where
       C. It was this shop which                           D. It was this shop that
2. It was Tom _______ to help us.
       A. comes               B. that comes               C. to come           D. who came
3. _______ the police had rescued from the fire.
       A. The baby                                                B. The baby that                         
       C. It was the baby whom                           D. The baby whom
4. ________ my parents gave me the fish tank.
       A. It was on my birthday when                   B. It was my birthday on tha
C. It was my birthday that                            D. It was on my birthday that
5. _______ I first met my girlfriend.
       A. It was in London that                           B. It was in London where
       C. It was London that                              D. It was London which
6. _________ on the phone.
       A. It is his mother whom is                      B. It was his mother whom is
       C. It was his mother who is                      D. It is his mother who is
7. ________ a high level of blood cholesterol.
       A. It is eggs that contain                            B. Those are eggs it contains
       C. It is eggs that contains                           D. It is eggs contain
8. _________ England won the World Cup.
       A. It was in 1966 that                                B. It was on 1966 that               
       C. It was in 1966 when                             D. It was 1966 in that
9. __________ we all look for.
       A. It is happiness that                                 B. That happiness              
   C. Happiness it is that                                D. Happiness it is
10. ____________ me how to play the drum.
       A. It was my uncle who taught                  B. My uncle who taught
       C. It was my uncle taught                          D. It is my uncle teaching
11. I was born and grew up in this village.
A. It was this village that I was born and grew up.
B. It was in this village I was born and grew up.
C. It was in this village that I was born and grew up.
D. It was in this village where I was born and grew up.
12.___________ Ruth St. Dennis turned to Asian dances to find inspiration for her choreography.
A. It was the dancer that B. The dancer
C. That the dancer D. The dancer was
13.It.............Ha and Lan that are speaking English in this room.
A. was B. be C. are D. Is
14.He spent his summer vacation in Da Lat.
A. It is in Da Lat that he spent his summer vacation. 
B. It was in Da Lat that he spent his summer vacation.
C. It is in Da Lat that he spends his summer vacation.
D. It was in Da Lat where he spends his summer vacation.
15.Candidates all over the world took part in the competition with great enthusiasm.
A. It is great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition. 
B. It was great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition.
C. It was with great enthusiasm that candidates all over the world took part in the competition.
D. It is with great enthusiasm which candidates all over the world take part the competition.
16.He gains impressive achievements at the age of 20.
A. It is at the age of 20 that he gains impressive achievements. 
B. It was at the age of 20 that he gains impressive achievements.
C. It is at the age of 20 that he gained impressive achievements.
D. It was at the age of 20 that he gained impressive achievements
17.Mary  made a great contribution to her husband's success.
A. It is Mary who made a great contribution to her husband's success. 
B. It was Mary who makes a great contribution to her husband's success.
C. It was Mary who made a great contribution for her husband's success.
D. It was Mary who made a great contribution to her husband's success.
18.Most parents are willing to lend their ear to  their children.
A. They are their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear to. 
B. It is their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear to.
C. They are their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear.
D. It is their children that most parents are willing to lend their ear.