D Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the words given.

1- lead

a.Modern executives need to understand the difference between

managing and…………………

b.strong and effective……………might have made the team more successful.

c.One of the most important tasks of a ............is making sound decisions.

2- power

a. The unions want more worker………………in the company.

b.He is the most ..................…..person in the organization.

c.He seems to be……………..... to prevent those attacks.

3- participate

a.He never .....in any of our discussion, does he?

b.All...........finishing the race will receive a medal.

c……………..behavior is aimed at seeking suggestions from followers regarding business operations to

the extent that followers are involved in organizational decisions.

4- entrepreneur

a...............leadership is a kind of leadership that is based on the attitude that the leader is self-
employed.

b.He was one of the ............of the eighties who madetheir money in property.

c.The government needs to promote………..and inventiveness,by ending high taxes and other
disincentives

5- reward

a.She got a percentage of the profits in……….for having thought of original idea.

b.He was…………..for his years of service to the company with a grand farewell party and several
presents.

c.A job that is...........is one that gives a lot of satisfaction, but possibly not much money.

E- Translate the following passage into Farsi.

Job-Centered Behavior Job-centered behavior is leader behavior that focuses primarily on the work
a subordinate is doing. The job-centered leader is very interested in the job the subordinate

is doing and in how well the subordinate is performing at that job.

Employee-Centered Behavior Employee-centered behavior is leader behavior that focuses primarily

on subordinates as people. The employee-centered leader is very attentive to the personal needs of
subordinates and is interested in building cooperative work teams that are satisfying to subordinates
and advantageous for the organization
The result of the OSU studies and the Michigan studies are very similar. Both research efforts
indicated two primary dimensions of leader-behavior: a work dimension (structure behavior/job-

centered behavior) and a people dimension (consideration behavior/employee-centered behavior).

Determining which of these two primary dimensions of leader behavior is more advisable for a
manager to adopt is of high importance.

F- Find a synonym or a definition for each of the following terms and write them in the spaces
provided.

1. coercive

2. participation

3. legitimate

4. trait

5. employees

6. resentment

7. compensation

8. enthusiasm

9. leadership

10. hierarchy

G - Find the Farsi equivalent of the following Terms and

expressions and write them in the spaces provided.

1. organizational policies

2. misapprehension

3. rational assessment

4. legitimate power

5. contemporary management

6. verbal ability

7. reward power

8. coercive power

9. expert power

10. referent power

11. subordinate power

12. consultative leader

13. consensus leader

14. approach

15. participative leader

16. collector of opinion

17. entrepreneurial

18, autocratic

19. confident

20, compensation

21. cultural value

22. promotion

23. subordinate

24. start-up companies

25. charisma