Uncertainty in Depth: Reduced: Industry Steering Committee On Wellbore Survey Accuracy

1
Uncertainty In Depth: Reduced
Managing Along-hole Depth Measurement Uncertainty

Industry Steering Committee on
Wellbore Survey Accuracy
Harald Bolt
Wellbore Positioning Technical Section
Depth Solutions
49th General Meeting
March 8th, 2019
Den Hague, The Netherlands
Wellbore Positioning Technical Section
Harald Bolt speaker background
Depth Solutions, DwpD Ltd
30 years after trying to figure out where TD is
Now trying to figure out how correct it is
DwpD Ltd. specializes in

• Along-hole depth
• Determining requirements
• Measurement and correction
• Uncertainty
49th General Meeting • Process, audit and training
March 3rd, 2019
Den Hague, The Netherlands Wellbore Positioning Technical Section
3
Why bother ?
One end of the spectrum:
“We never have a depth problem …”
Until “the problem” occurs:
Then the other end of the spectrum:

“We had no end of depth correlation problems
on the recent XXX intersect P&A well”
“The FWL’s don’t agree across the reservoir”
“The horizons just don’t match”
“We are not actually sure if there is a fault”
49th General Meeting “Maybe the depth is wrong ...”
March 3rd, 2019
4
Accuracy expectations
Measurement relevance Domain relevance
Geological mapping Major geological events

How do we define expectations
Well construction Significant reservoir events
Mechanical service operations Minor reservoir events for along-hole depth

Reservoir geometry Major bed events
OWC/GWC mapping Minor bed events measurement accuracy in
Detailed OWC/GWC mapping
Minor bed events
Fracture identification
different domains ?
Pressure gauge Very detailed events
accuracy/resolution Compaction events

March 3rd, 2019
Accuracy components
Requirements ! (no requirements = no accuracy !)
Measurement methodology
Calibration system
Correction model and calculation
Uncertainty model and calculation
Depth measurement
+ Correction = True Along-hole Depth, TAH
+/- Uncertainty
March 3rd, 2019
SPWLA-DPS The Hague December 2018 Wellbore Positioning Technical Section
Basic uncertainty relationship
2 2 2
𝑢𝑢 𝑧𝑧 𝑢𝑢 𝑥𝑥 𝑢𝑢 𝑦𝑦 𝑢𝑢 𝑧𝑧
� = + …
𝑍𝑍 𝑋𝑋 𝑌𝑌 𝑍𝑍
calibration correction model
Accuracy = proportion of a result

My nomenclature:
Uncertainty = result value
March 3rd, 2019
SPWLA-DPS The Hague December 2018 Wellbore Positioning Technical Section
Calibration accuracy
7
Measurement standards
Calibration variables
Environmental effects
Measurement effects
Shelf life
March 3rd, 2019
Correction calculation parameters
8
Thermal expansion
Elastic stretch
Other corrections

March 3rd, 2019
Typical accuracies
9
Measurement Method Accuracy, +/- per 10,000 ft

Drill pipe length calibration Strapped pipe +/- 5 ft to +/- 20 ft
Lasered pipe +/- 1.5 ft to +/- 2.5 ft
On site measurement Accuracy + 50% to 100%
Wireline length Measurehead +/- 3 ft to +/- 10 ft
Wireline calibration Magnetic marks +/- 1 ft to +/- 2 ft
ZDP pipe joint identification Rig floor pipe stick-up + 0.25 ft to + 3 ft
Surface hook load Hook load +/- 5% to +/- 10% load
BHA mud temperature LWD temperature +/- 1% of measurement
Stretch coefficient Young’s Modulus for steel +/- 5% of value
Pipe ID/OD (from specifications) +/- 5% of value
Thermal coefficient
March 3rd, 2019
Coefficient for steel +/- 5%
10
Correction model
Single point
Straight line
Way-point

March 3rd, 2019
Correction model differences
uncertainty
uncertainty
uncertainty

March 3rd, 2019
12
Example (N.Sea): DwpD from 15,000 ft

Logged temperature and tension regimes

March 3rd, 2019
DwpD correction calculation
13
Thermal correction
Elastic stretch correction

March 3rd, 2019
14
Calculated DwpD correction

March 3rd, 2019
15
Differences in correction models

WP and SL correction differences
Correction, ft Correction, /ft
140 0.020
Per interval correction/ft,
Total correction, straight-line
straight-line 0.018
120
0.016
100 0.014
0.012
80
0.010
60 Total correction,
Per interval way-point
correction/ft, 0.008
way-point
40 0.006
0.004
20
Thermal correction, way-point
Thermal correction, straight-line 0.002
0 0.000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
Driller’s pipe tally depth, ft
March 3rd, 2019
16
Uncertainty, ft, per method

Uncertainty +/-, ft
50
45
Strapped pipe,
40
straight-line
35 Lasered pipe,
30 straight-line
Strapped pipe,
25
way-point
20
15 Lasered pipe,
10 way-point
5
0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
49th General Meeting Driller’s pipe tally depth, ft
March 3rd, 2019
17
Accuracy, per 10,000 ft, per method Accuracy +/-,

Accuracies per Measurement Method /10,000 ft
30.0
Strapped pipe,
straight-line 25.0
20.0
Strapped pipe,
way-point
15.0
Laser pipe,
10.0
straight-line Laser pipe,
way-point
5.0
0.0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
March 3rd, 2019
18
Decision influence on uncertainty

Uncertainty +/- ft,
Accuracy/wp +/-/10,000 ft Investment effect
15.0
Accuracy improvement actions:
1. Improving laser calibration to +/- 0.015%
12.0 2. Improving modeling fidelity to 5%
3. Improving stick-up measurement to +/- 0.2 ft
9.0
Laser pipe, way-point, Laser pipe, way-point,

standard accuracy/wp/10000 ft standard uncertainty
6.0
3.0
Reistle & Sikes, 1938
+/- 2 ft/10,000 ft
0.0
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
March 3rd, 2019
19
Managing expectations
Uncertainty
Measurement relevance Domain relevance Measurement method Measurement correction
@ 10,000 ft
Geological mapping Major geological events Seismic, 2-way time/depth conversion Calculated with assumptions +/- 100 ft
Well construction Significant reservoir events Driller’s depth, strapped pipe Uncorrected +/- 50 ft
Mechanical service operations Minor reservoir events LWD driller’s depth, strapped pipe Single point +/- 30 ft
LWD driller’s depth, lasered pipe
Reservoir geometry Major bed events St.line correction +/- 15 ft
Wireline, measurehead
OWC/GWC mapping Minor bed events Way-point, low precision +/- 5 ft
LWD driller’s depth, lasered pipe
Detailed OWC/GWC mapping
Minor bed events Wireline, magnetic marks Way-point, high precision +/- 2 ft
Fracture identification
Pressure gauge Very detailed events Wireline magnetic marks, w/ mapped

Real-time way-point +/- 1 ft
accuracy/resolution Compaction events stretch & temperature coefficients

March 3rd, 2019
20
Understanding the model

March 3rd, 2019
Conclusions
21
Low High
Increasing amount of correction/uncertainty
Accuracy is determined by
requirements
Uncertainty variables are:

measurement method used
calibration methodology
correction model
correction elements
The result depends on the investment

March 3rd, 2019
22
Further uncertainties
Your comments on accuracy …

March 3rd, 2019
23

March 3rd, 2019

Uncertainty in Depth: Reduced: Industry Steering Committee On Wellbore Survey Accuracy

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1

Uncertainty In Depth: Reduced

Managing Along-hole Depth Measurement Uncertainty

DwpD Ltd. specializes in

“We never have a depth problem …”

Until “the problem” occurs:

Then the other end of the spectrum:

Geological mapping Major geological events

Mechanical service operations Minor reservoir events for along-hole depth

49th General Meeting

Accuracy = proportion of a result

49th General Meeting

Measurement Method Accuracy, +/- per 10,000 ft

49th General Meeting

49th General Meeting

Example (N.Sea): DwpD from 15,000 ft

49th General Meeting

Elastic stretch correction

49th General Meeting

Calculated DwpD correction

49th General Meeting

Differences in correction models

Uncertainty, ft, per method

Accuracy, per 10,000 ft, per method Accuracy +/-,

Decision influence on uncertainty

Laser pipe, way-point, Laser pipe, way-point,

Pressure gauge Very detailed events Wireline magnetic marks, w/ mapped

49th General Meeting

Understanding the model

49th General Meeting

Increasing amount of correction/uncertainty

Uncertainty variables are:

The result depends on the investment

Your comments on accuracy …

49th General Meeting

49th General Meeting

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