Microwave Engineering

Lab Report # 03

Student’s Name: Muhammad Abdullah Khan

FA18-EEE-081

Class: EEE-7B

Teacher’s Name: Sir Atiq ul Anam

Date: 16 th October,2021

Affective Cognitive Psychomotor

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus
 Experiment No. 03

(Higher Speed Information Transform with Microwaves)

Statement:
Justify that microwave communication systems can transfer the information with higher speed.

Literature Background:

Microwave data transmission

Microwave transmission is the transmission of information by electromagnetic waves with

wavelengths in the microwave range (1 m - 1 mm) of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... 10,
which used microwave relays to multiplex eight telephone channels over long distances.

Speed of microwaves:

Microwaves are electromagnetic waves that travel with a speed of 3 × 10e8 m/s. The data transfer
speed of microwave depends on the following parameters:

1. Bandwidth
2. Bit duration
3. Carrier frequency

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data transmitted over an internet connection in a given amount of
time.

Bw= 2*(0.1*Fc)

Bit Duration

Bit duration is a common measure of data speed for transmission carriers, which refers to the
number of bits used per second to represent a continuous medium such as audio, video or any
other source. It is represented as:
 D=2/ Bw

Carrier Frequency
Carrier frequency is defined as the frequency of a carrier wave, measured in cycles per second,
or Hertz, that is modulated to transmit signals.

Fig 3.1

Procedure:
Tasks:01
We have to transfer the data bank of 2 Giga bits from transmitting end to receiving end using
Carrier Wave of 10KHz.
MATLAB Coding:

clc
close all
clear all

t=0:1:100;

%Carrier Frequency
fc=10e3;

%Sampling Frequency
fs=10*fc;
%Sampling Time
ts=1/fs;

%Wave Length
L=3e8/fc

%To Find B, B=2*pi/L

B=2*pi/L

%Band Width bw=2(0.1*fc)

bw=2*(0.1*fc)

%Bit Duration bd=2/bw

bd=2/bw

%Our Data Bank=2Giga bits

DB=2e9;

%Time Taken in Second for Transmitting Data (Td)

Td=bd*DB

Results:

L=

30000

B=

2.0944e-04

bw =

2000

bd =

1.0000e-03

Td =

2000000

Tasks:02
We have to transfer the data bank of 2 Giga bits from transmitting end to receiving end using
Carrier Wave of 10MHz.
MATLAB Coding:

clc
close all
clear all

t=0:1:100;

%Carrier Frequency
fc=10e6;

%Sampling Frequency
fs=10*fc;

%Sampling Time
ts=1/fs;

%Wave Length
L=3e8/fc

%To Find B, B=2*pi/L

B=2*pi/L

%Band Width bw=2(0.1*fc)

bw=2*(0.1*fc)

%Bit Duration bd=2/bw

bd=2/bw

%Our Data Bank=2Giga bits

DB=2e9;

%Time Taken in Second for Transmitting Data (Td)

Td=bd*DB

Results:

L=

30

B=

0.2094
bw =

2000000

bd =

1.0000e-06

Td =

2000

Tasks:03
We have to transfer the data bank of 2 Giga bits from transmitting end to receiving end using
Carrier Wave of 10GHz.
MATLAB Coding:

clc
close all
clear all

t=0:1:100;

%Carrier Frequency
fc=10e9;

%Sampling Frequency
fs=10*fc;

%Sampling Time
ts=1/fs;

%Wave Length
L=3e8/fc

%To Find B, B=2*pi/L

B=2*pi/L

%Band Width bw=2(0.1*fc)

bw=2*(0.1*fc)

%Bit Duration bd=2/bw

bd=2/bw

%Our Data Bank=2Giga bits

DB=2e9;
%Time Taken in Second for Transmitting Data (Td)
Td=bd*DB

Results:

L=

0.0300

B=

209.4395

bw =

2.0000e+09

bd =

1.0000e-09

Td =

Analysis:

From the above task’s results, we analyzed that by increasing the carrier frequency the data
transferring time will automatically decreases.

Table

S. No. Frequency fc in Hz Bandwidth in Hz Bit Duration in Time Taken in

seconds second for data
transmission
1 10KHz 2KHz 1e-3 sec 2e6 sec
2 10MHz 2MHz 1e-6 sec 2e3 sec
3 10GHz 2GHz 1e-9 sec 2 sec

Table 3.1
Questions & Answers:

Q. 01. Does higher frequency of the carrier wave transmit data with higher speed?
Answer:
It is above observed that the higher the carrier frequency, higher will be data transmitting rate.
Q. 02. Does speed of information transferring depend on phase velocity of electromagnetic
wave?
Answer:
No, the speed of information transferring does not depend on the phase velocity of
electromagnetic wave. Because the phase velocity of electromagnetic wave is kept constant,
which is 3*10e8 m/s.
Q. 03. How much time will be required for transfer 10 Giga bits by 15 GHz carrier wave?
Answer:
If we have to transfer 10 Giga bits using 15GHz carrier wave, it will take 6.6667 seconds for it’s
complete transferring.

Conclusion:

By performing this lab, we came to know that for a data bank, if we increase the carrier wave
frequency, the data transfer rate will decrease.
Laboratory Assessment

Student Name: Muhammad Abdullah Khan Registration Number: FA18-EEE-081

Learning Level
Allocated Good
Criteria Poor Very Good Excellent Obtained Marks, A
Marks 50%-
40% 70% - 80% 90% - 100%
60%

Affective 10%

Learning Level
Allocated Good
Criteria Poor Very Good Excellent Obtained Marks, C
Marks 50%-
40% 70% - 80% 90% - 100%
60%

Cognitive 20%

Learning Level
Allocated Good
Criteria Poor Very Good Excellent Obtained Marks, P
Marks 50%-
40% 70% - 80% 90% - 100%
60%

Psychomotor 70%

Obtained Marks = (0.1 × A) + (0.2 × C) + (0.7 × P) = ___________, Total Marks: __10_____

Course Instructor = Atiq ul Anam