DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE
ROADMAP TO SUPPORT THE NATIONAL
FOOD SECURITY SYSTEM
Ari Yanuar Ridwan
Industrial and System Engineering
Telkom University
Bandung, Indonesia
ariyanuar@telkomuniversity.ac.id
Abstract— Managing an effective food logistic is important
factor in national food security. An effective food logistic
management depends on the availability of reliable
information leading to an on-target public policy. Developing
a national roadmap of the integration of food security
logistics information for analytics and predictive purposes to
support national food security system is the main objective of
this research. This Roadmap is designed as framework to
develop a food security business intelligence system that
comprises of 4 development phases: (1) Developing of data
acquisition layer, (2) Developing of data integration layer,
(3) Predictive and analytic layer; and (4) User presentation
layer. The output was in the form that offers the users an
integrated and comprehensive view of the food security
performance metrics, the Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
of food security system that consist of three main sub-system:
food availability, food access and food utilization indicators.
This system supports the decision-making process by
providing better understanding on the running business
condition and business trend, and it may lead to fast and
accurate decisions.
Keywords— business intelligence, food security, Key Performance
Indicators (KPI)
I. INTRODUCTION
Managing an effective food logistic is important factor in
national food security. An effective food logistic management
depends on the availability of reliable information leading to an
on-target public policy. Moreover, the related issues arise from
the food security such as: food scarcity, distribution,
consumption and production patterns could be well analyzed.
At some extend it could be predicted with reliable accuracy
level. One of the hurdles on managing food logistic nowadays
is the presence of disintegrated information from the related
agencies and stakeholders. This condition is resulted by the
numerous stakeholder’s involvements from the up to
downstream. It is required to have a model approach on the
system development. By doing so, it is expected to have a
system which has capability of integrating information from
several sources with different formats, and has capability in
comprehensively analyzing the data of food logistics in the
scope of food security system. To solve those problems, it is
Teddy Syafrijal
Industrial and System Engineering
Telkom University
Bandung, Indonesia
teddysyafrijal@telkomuniversity.ac.id
necessary to develop a technology and information system
technology roadmap
Data warehouse is a system to consolidate and to integrate
data from different sources and formats. In logistic system, data
could be originated from multiple formats, sources and owners.
In utilizing data warehousing capability, the data is
consolidated in a system to facilitate further process. Then, an
analytical system known as Business Intelligence could be
developed. Business intelligence supports the decision-making
process by providing better understanding on the running
business condition and business trend, and it may lead to fast
and accurate decisions.
In this research, the developed business intelligence was
designed to provide well support to the policy makers in
executing a comprehensive analysis of food security system.
The output was in the form of food production, distribution and
consumption map; integrated early warning system for food
scarcity; and lastly an information system for managing supply
chain management of food security system. On the level of
policy maker, accurate information would be utilized for
anticipating the possibility of food scarcity and to produce
policy to improve the food security system quality in general.
II. FOOD STABILITY DEFINITION
In accordance to the Indonesian Law no.7 in 1996, the
definition of food stability is the condition of household food
fulfillment indicated by: (1) sufficient amount and good quality
food availability; (2) safe (3) distributed evenly and (4)
affordable. By this definition, realizing food stability condition
could be interpreted as below:
1. The food sufficiency is defined in broader perspectives. It
covers any foods derived from plants, breaded animals, and
fish that provide the necessary amount of carbohydrate,
protein, fat, vitamin and mineral (and the derivatives), to
support the development of human health.
2. Safely food fulfillment is defined as the condition at which
the food is free from any biological, chemical or other
substances that may harm and endanger human health as
well as following the directive of religions.
3. Evenly available food is defined as the food shall be
available at any time and distributed evenly throughout the
country.
4. The affordability of the food is interpreted as the food shall
be readily available and affordable for any households.
5. Sub-system of Food Stability
Sub-system of food stability comprises of three main sub-
systems [17]. They are: food availability, food access and food
utilization. Whereas nutrition status is the outcome of the food
stability. Access availability and food utilization are must-
ready sub-systems. As one of those sub-systems is not fulfilled,
the country may not be declared as country with good food
stability. Even if the foods are available at nation and region-
wide, but the access to them are not available widely, the food
stability of that nation could be declared as fragile one.
Fig 1. Sub-System of Food security [17]
III. THE NEED OF DATA INTEGRATION OF NATIONAL FOOD
SECURITY SYTEM
Managing national food stability involves many parties.
According to the national food stability council, there are 16
ministries/government bodies take part in managing policy on
food safety. Some of them are: local government, ministry for
internal affairs, ministry of trade, ministry of transportation,
ministry of villages, ministry of cooperative, ministry of
finance, Indonesian Bureau of Logistics, Ministry of Health
and ministry of agriculture. Each of those ministries and
bodies has its own specific involvement in supporting the
national food security. The available data on those ministries
and government bodies becomes the operational data of
external data sources in a developed business intelligence
system [1].
Developing a national roadmap of the integration of food
security logistics information is the main objective of this
research. This roadmap should ensure to integrate food
logistics national information data in the logic and realize
national food logistics information sharing, from the physical
point of view, information data is still stored in the parts of the
original operational database.
The sharing and integration of national food logistics
information resources has great help to manage and control
national food security system. Government and related
stakeholder could use this information to do the right analysis
and statistics from the right information source of national food
logistics’ capacities and condition [2].
IV. BUSINESS INTELLIGENC AND SUPPLY CHAIN/LOGISTICS
Business intelligence (BI) is a set of concepts, methods, and
processes to improve business decision making [3][4].
Business intelligence is a key enabler of supply chain
performance and capabilities and the value of BI as a strategic
asset for achieving the benefit and success in supply chain is
highly recognized [5][6][7]. Business Intelligence (BI) system
is recognized to be able to assist logistics service providers for
gathering, storing, and analyzing enormous data effectively [8].
The integration of business intelligence with supply chain
management helps organizations to improve the visibility of
supply chain management, forecast accurately what will
happen, carry out real-time decision, better knowledge
processing, reduced decision cost, and reduced decision time
[9].
Business intelligence, have been widely adopted to support
decisions making in many areas and cross-functional business
activities. BI decision-support applications may have many
capabilities, including: multidimensional analysis, statistical
analysis, forecasting, and data mining, digital dashboard access
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP), and other cross-
functional activities [10] [11] [12].
BI tools are widely accepted as a middleware between
transactional applications and decision support applications
[13]. The integration between BI with transactional application
such as ERP systems can strengthen corporate decision-making
capability through utilizing the analytical capability of BI
system and data managerial capability of ERP system [14].
This roadmap provides an option to integrate business
intelligence with another enterprises system such as enterprise
resource planning (ERP). There are three approaches to
consider in BI and ERP integration roadmap [15]: (1) start with
ERP implementation first and then build the business
intelligence system; (2) build a business intelligence system in
combination with the ERP system; (3) Lead with business
intelligence. This proposed roadmap uses the third approach to
provide the company early benefits of business intelligence
although this approach has disadvantages such as the lack of
data managerial capability to provide integrated data from the
source system compare to lead with ERP or transactional
system before business intelligence system.
V. DESIGN OF FOOD SECURITY SYSTEM BUSINESS
INTELLIGENCE ROADMAP
The proposed roadmap of the integrated food logistic
system in supporting the food security system is shown by
figure 1. It could be explained as below:
1. Development of information system integrated with
business transaction stage. At this stage, the transaction-
integrated system is developed with the basis of Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) or other enterprise-wide
transaction system. The main function of ERP system in
this stage is to integrate the business processes within
enterprise involved in food logistics system. This roadmap
proposed approach is to lead with business intelligence to
provide the company early benefits of business intelligence.
The most challenging requirement must be addressed by
this roadmap is how to provide information needed in
managing food logistics to the decision maker as soon as
possible. Thought this approach has disadvantages such as
the lack of data managerial capability to provide integrated
data from the source system compare to lead with ERP
system before business intelligence system.
2. Development of information system integrated with data
analytic stage. A system information with capability of data
analytic is developed in this stage. The integration is built
up by using the data warehouse developed by ETL
approach (Extract, Transform, Load). This system functions
as the media to store the data from various sources, which
will be recalled for analysis purposes. The fact that the data
sources of food logistics are varying, hence data analytic is
required.
3. Development of business intelligence application stage. At
this stage, the business intelligence system is developed
with function of processing and presenting the data from
the data analytic information system (data warehouse)
developed earlier. The developed business intelligence
application is standard report, dashboard monitoring, data
mining and forecasting system. Ultimately, the function of
this system is to present the information required for
supporting strategic and tactical decision to support food
security system.
4. In addition to the technological aspect, as mentioned above,
it is necessary to consider human and organization aspect as
entities to operate the system. The issues arise from those
aspects are: technology adoption, technology utilization and
change management.
National Food Security System Business intellligence
Business Intelligence Application (Tactical
Predictive and analytics and Strategic Decision support system):
integration Layer Development Dashboard; data mining; forecasting;
reporting, OLAP, Ad-hoc Query
Data Presentation Area: Dimensional (star
Business Processes area Data schema or OLAP cubes; atomic & summary
Mart Development data; organized by business process area; uses
confornmed dimension
Analytics Data Integration Layer ETL Staging System: Data Validation; Data
Development Cleansing; Data Trasforming; Data
aggregrating; data loading
Data Acquisition Layer Development
Operational & Transaction processing
system, flat file, spreadsheet
Fig 2. The proposed roadmap of the integrated food
security business intelligence system
This roadmap proposes business dimensional lifecycle
method (Kimball method) to develop business intelligence
system. Kimball dimensional lifecycle method consist of the
following main activities [6][16]:
1. Business Requirement Definitions: Business Process
Identification, Business Requirement Analysis, Business
Requirement Data collection, Data Source Analysis;
2. BI Application Design: Identify the candidate BI
Application, BI Application Development: Configure the
business metadata and tool infrastructure, Constructing and
validating the specified analytics and operational BI
applications;
3. Technology track design: Technology Architecture (BI
Physical Architecture), BI Logical Architecture (Selecting
Product & Installation: BI Software comparison, Hardware
specification, Software specification);
4. Data track design: Dimensional Modelling (Choosing the
process, Choosing the grain, Identifying and Confirming
Dimension, storing pre-calculation in fact table, rounding
out dimension table, choosing duration of database,
tracking slowly changing dimension, deciding query
priorities and query mode), Physical Design (Setting up the
database), Design & Development ETL (extract,
transformation, load).
5. Deployment: creating documentation, preparing Training,
organizing the user support Process.
6. Maintenance: Monitoring, performance Tuning, index
maintenance, system Backup;
7. Growth: Project definition activity for the future.
 VI. BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE ARCHITECTURE Table 1. National food security indicators supported by
business intelligence system [18]
This business intelligence high-level architecture shown in
fig. 3 which consists of the following main components: Food Security Outcome Indicators Specifications
1. Data acquisition layer. the data sources component which is Aspects
a collection of operational data from various internal and Food availability The availability of 2200kcalorie/day
external sources. Organizations related to food logistics energy per capita. (MIN)
system must have transactional systems that record their The availability of
daily business transactions. The operational data can be protein per capita 57 gram/day
found in legacy systems such as various online transaction (MIN)
processing (OLTP) systems, flat file or spread sheet. Data Food resilience Import dependency Percentage of
can be found from both internal and external sources, import by needs
Internal: Agency for Food Security (Badan Ketahanan Government food Amount of food 3 months (MIN)
Pangan Nasional); External: government (local/national), reserve reserve
household, traders, and farmer. Price stability The price difference Difference 10 %
2. Food logistics data integration layer. a data warehouse between harvesting (MAX)
(DW) component where the data from the data sources is and non-harvesting
loaded in ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes. This season
layer has several main components such as: Extract- Nutritious status Life expectancy Year
Transform-Load (ETL) staging system, data presentation Baby mortality Number of baby
area, and data mart area. The main function of this death per 1000
component is to merge and to consolidate the operational birth
database management systems and the external sources the Iron deficiency Percentage of <
organization uses for further usage to support the food anemia 5 years with HB
logistics business intelligence. Data mart is a subset of DW < 11 gr/dl
that typically focuses on a single subject area. A data mart Iodine deficiency Percentage of
can be dependent or independent. disorder school age
3. Food logistics predictive and analytics system integration. a Vitamin A % of <5 years
business analytics component which is a collection of tools deficiency with retinol
to manipulate and analyze the data warehouse records. This serum < 20 µg/dl
component consist of modules such as the digital
Mal-nutritious <5 % of < 5years
dashboards, data mining, forecasting, and reporting tools
years with mal-
that offers the users an integrated and comprehensive vision
nutritious
of the food security performance metrics, the Key
condition
Performance Indicators (KPI), prediction, trends and
Energy sufficient 2000 kcal/day
exceptions as shown in table 1. Through the analysis of
number (MIN)
historic and present data as well as with metrics and key
performance indicators built upon business intelligence, Food Protein sufficient 52 gram/day
Susceptibility number (MIN)
decision makers obtain a knowledge that supports better
decision making. Achieved AKE % <70 % AKE:
4. A user presentation component, a user interface that shows very unsafe
the results returned form the analytics component. The 70-90 %AKE:
main function of this component is to provide some user light to medium
interfaces for end user to access information within safe
business intelligence system. This component is designed Consumed food Expected Food Score
both for desktop web browsers and for mobile web browser diversification pattern
using, ease, simple and interactive user interface. Food diversity Entropy index
Food Security Food poisoning case Number of cases
 User presentation Layer Acknowledgements
Research presented in this paper was supported and funded by
Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of
Predictive and analytics Layer Republic of Indonesia, through "Penelitian Produk Terapan"
scheme (No. 1603/K4/KM/2017), Title: Developing Business
National, province, residence Nutritional Status Intelligence System for Food Logistics to Support national
level KPI’s: Food Availibility, food security system.
Food Distribution, food
utilization, land and Family level: affordability,
acessebility, health&sanitation, VIII. REFERENCES
infrastructure, policy,
education, health consumption [1] Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Peratanian,
Rencana Stategis Badan Ketahanan Pangan Tahun
Business Intelligence Application (Tactical and Strategic Decision 2015-2019. 2014.
support system): Dashboard; data mining; forecasting; reporting, [2] H. Wu, “Regional logistics information resources
OLAP, Ad-hoc Query integrate and share,” Proc. 2012 5th Int. Conf. Bus.
Intell. Financ. Eng. BIFE 2012, pp. 47–50, 2012.
[3] R. M. Müller, S. Linders, and L. F. Pires, “Business
Data Integration Layer
Intelligence and Service-oriented Architecture: A
Data Mart #1 Data Mart #2 Data Mart #3 Data Mart #N
Delphi Study,” Inf. Syst. Manag., vol. 27, no. 2, pp.
Data Presentation Area: Dimensional (star schema or OLAP cubes;
168–187, 2010.
atomic & summary data; organized by business process area; uses [4] S. Rouhani, A. Ashrafi, A. Zare Ravasan, and S.
confornmed dimension Afshari, “The Impact model of business intelligence
on decision support and organizational benefits,” J.
ETL Staging System: Data Validation; Data Cleansing; Data Enterp. Inf. Manag., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 19–50, 2014.
Trasforming; Data aggregrating; data loading [5] M. S. Sangari and J. Razmi, “Business intelligence
competence, agile capabilities, and agile performance
Data Acquisition Layer (Data Sources: Operational & Transaction in supply chain,” Int. J. Logist. Manag., vol. 26, no. 2,
processing system, flat file, spreadsheet) pp. 356–380, 2015.
[6] A. Ridwan, “Designing a Multidimensional Data
Internal: Agency External: Pemerintah daerah, Kemendagri,
for Food Security Kemeperin, Kemendag, Kemenhub, Warehouse for Procurement Processes Analysis Using
(Badan Ketahanan kemenkeu, Bulog, Kementan, Kemenkes, Business Dimensional Lifecycle Method ( Case Study
Pangan Nasional) kemendes, on Pt . Abc ),” in The 8th International Seminar on
Industrial Engineering and Management (ISIEM),
2015, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 49–54.
Fig 3. High-level Food Logistics Business intelligence
[7] A. Ridwan, Mubassiran, and S. Supono,
architecture
“Pengembangan Prototype Sistem Monitoring
Logistik Beras (Studi Kasus Di Badan Ketahanan),” J.
VII. CONCLUSIONS rekayasa Sist. dan Ind., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 28–34, 2015.
[8] S. Chaveesuk and S. Horkondee, “An integrated
1. This Roadmap is designed as framework to develop a food model of business intelligence adoption in Thailand
security business intelligence system that comprises of 4 logistics service firms,” pp. 604–608, 2015.
development phases: (1) Developing of data acquisition [9] S. Rouhani, A. Ashrafi, A. Zare Ravasan, and S.
layer, (2) Developing of data integration layer, (3) Afshari, “Journal of Enterprise Information
Predictive and analytic layer; and (4) User presentation Management The impact model of business
layer. intelligence on decision support and organizational
2. The output was in the form that offers the users an benefits,” J. Enterp. Inf. Manag. J. Enterp. Inf.
integrated and comprehensive view of the food security Manag. Iss, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 263–285, 2016.
performance metrics, the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) [10] J. Hua, S. Huang, and D. C. Yen, “Architectural
of food security system that consist of three main sub- support for business intelligence: a push‐pull
system: food availability, food access and food utilization mechanism,” Online Inf. Rev., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 52–
indicators. 71, 2012.
3. This system supports the decision-making process by [11] J. Ranjan, “Business justification with business
providing better understanding on the running business intelligence,” Vine, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 461–475, 2008.
condition and business trend, and it may lead to fast and [12] B. S. Sahay and J. Ranjan, “Real time business
accurate decisions. intelligence in supply chain analytics,” Inf. Manag.
Comput. Secur., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 28–48, 2008.
[13] B. Selene Xia and P. Gong, “Review of business
intelligence through data analysis,” Benchmarking An
Int. J., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 300–311, 2014.
[14] D. C. Chou, H. B. Tripuramallu, and A. Y. Chou, “BI
and ERP integration,” Inf. Manag. Comput. Secur.,
vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 340–349, 2005.
[15] Y. Zeng, R. H. L. L. Chiang, and D. C. Yen,
“Enterprise integration with advanced information
technologies: ERP and data warehousing,” Inf.
Manag. Comput. Secur., vol. 11, no. 2/3, pp. 115–122,
2003.
[16] R. Kimball and M. Ross, Relentlessly Practical Tools
for Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence. John
Wiley & Sons Inc, 2016.
[17] http://nuhfil.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2012/12/perhepi-
nuhfil-ketahahan-pangan.pptx
[18] http://fanny.staff.uns.ac.id/files/2013/09/Ketahanan-
PanganSubsistem.pptx