APPENDIX A

Examination Reference
(Used With the Comprehensive Practice Examination Only)
 !!

UNIT CONVERSIONS 1 curie = 3.7 x 1010 Becquerel PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

1 Becquerel = 1 disintegration/sec Acceleration of gravity = 32.2 ft/ sec 2 =
Length
9.8 m/ sec 2
1 in = 2.54 cm 1ft = 30.48cm Density of Water
−4
1 micron = 10 cm 1mile = 5, 280 ft 1 g/ cm3 = 1.94 slugs / ft 3
Velocity of light = 3.0 x 108 m/sec
! (weight density = 62.4 lb / ft 3 )
Volume
Planck’s constant = 6.626 x 10−34 J-sec
1 liter = 1.06 qt = 61.02 in 3 = 0.03531 ft 3 Angles
! 180°
1radian = Avagadro’s number = 6.024 x 10 23 /gram-
Mass π
1 kg = 2.2 lb 1lb = 454 gram mole
Light
Pressure 1 candela = 1 lumen/steradian
1 atm = 14.7 psi 1 footcandle = 10.76 candela/ m 2 = 10.76 lux STANDARDS
= 760 mm Hg
= 29.92 in Hg Magnetic Fields STP (Physical Science) = 0° C and 1 atm
= 33.90 ft H 2O 1 tesla = 10,000 gauss
= 760 torr STP (Ventilation) = 70° F and 1 atm
= 101.3 kPa Energy air density = 0.075 lb / ft 3 @ 70°F and1atm
1 British thermal unit = 1,055 joules
Temperature 1 faraday = 9.65 x 104 coulombs STP (Industrial Hygiene) = 25 ° C and 1 atm
1 gram-calorie = 4.19 joules
(t ° F − 32) 1 gram-mole
t °C = @ 0° C and 1 atm = 22.4 liters
1.8
@ 25° C and 1 atm = 24.45 liters
t K = t °C + 273 t ° R = t ° F + 460 !
1 ampere-hour = 3,600 coulombs
1 watt = 1 joule/sec = 1 ampere x 1 volt
Radiation !
1 kWh = 3.6 x 106 joules
1gray = 100 rad
1 sievert = 100 rem !

! ! !

!
! ! !

!
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS MECHANICS ELECTRICITY
sin A = a/c cos A = b/c tan A = a/b F = #n P.E. = mgh L
R=ρ V=IR P=VI
A
c2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C kx 2
F1D1 = F2 D2 P.E. = R series = R1 + R 2 + ... + R n
2
a b c
= = v = v0 + at p = mv 1 1 1 1
sin A sin B sin C = + + ... +
R parallel R1 R 2 Rn
! 2
at
s = v0 t + F = ma 1 1 1 1
2 = + + ... +
Cseries C1 C2 Cn
2 2
v = v 0 + 2as W = mg
Cparallel = C1 + C2 + ... + Cn
BOOLEAN POSTULATES
mv 2
K.E. = W = Fs
A+B=B+A A+0=A 2 Lseries = L1 + L2 + ... + Ln
A·B=B·A A·1=A
A(B · C) = (A · B)C A+A =1
A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C A·A =0 1 1 1 1
A(B + C) = (A · B) + (A · C) A·A=A
= + + ... +
Lparallel L1 L2 Ln
A + (B · C) = (A + B) · (A + C) A+A=A

! !
QUADRATIC EQUATION
! !
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x1 , x 2 = ! !
2a
! !

! !
!
! !
!
ERGONOMICS (REVISED NIOSH LIFTING EQUATIONS)
RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM

RWL (kg) = (23) (25/H) [1 – 0.003 (|V – 75|)] [0.82 + (4.5 / D)] (1 – 0.0032A) (FM) (CM)

RWL (lb) = (51) (10/H) [1 – 0.0075 (|V – 30|)] [0.82 + (1.8/D)] (1 – 0.0032A) (FM) (CM)

L Frequency Multiplier Table

LI =
RWL Frequency Work Duration
Lifts/min.
> 1 but ≤ 2 Hours
≤ 1 hour > 2 but ≤ 8 Hours
(F) tt
V < 30 t V ≥ 30 V < 30 V ≥ 30 V < 30 V ≥ 30
≤2 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.95 0.85 0.85
0.5 0.97 0.97 0.92 0.92 0.81 0.81
1 0.94 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.75 0.75
2 0.91 0.91 0.84 0.84 0.65 0.65
Coupling Multiplier Table
Coupling 3 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.79 0.55 0.55
Type 4 0.84 0.84 0.72 0.72 0.45 0.45
V < 30 inches V ≥ 30 inches 5 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60 0.35 0.35
(75 cm) (75 cm)
6 0.75 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.27 0.27
7 0.60 0.70 0.42 0.42 0.22 0.22
Good 1.00 1.00
8 0.52 0.60 0.35 0.35 0.18 0.18
Fair 0.95 1.00
9 0.45 0.52 0.26 0.30 0.00 0.15
Poor 0.90 0.90
10 0.41 0.45 0.00 0.26 0.00 0.13
11 0.37 0.41 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00
12 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00
13 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
! 14 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
15 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
>15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

t
t -- Values of V are in inches
tt -- For lifting less frequently than once per 5 minutes set F=0.2 lifts/minute
HEAT STRESS AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY
WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.3 GT
(Indoors; no solar heat load)

WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.2 GT + 0.1 DB

(Outdoors; with solar heat load)
RADIATION NOISE HEAT TRANSFER
(Ionizing) (Non-Ionizing)
' N !## Lpi "$$ ( Q " T −T #
2 p 10 H= = kA $ 1 2 %
(d ) 16P 4P l= Lpt = 10log )∑10% & * Δt ' L (
I2 = I1 1 2 W= = ρc ) i =1 *
(d1 ) πD2 A + ,
GP AP W p
S = 6CE W= L W = 10 log10 L p = 20 log10 dB HYDROSTATISTICS AND
2
= 2 2
4πr λr W0 p0
HYDRAULICS

−µχ
8 !N C" F v2
I = I0e E eff = ∑ E λSλ Δ λ T= "$( L −90 ) /5#%
D = 100 #∑ i $ p= hv =
2 % i =1 Ti & a 2g
−µχ λ
I = βI0 e c = λf = !d "
T p Q2
dB1 = dB0 + 20log10 # 0 $ hp = pv =
% d1 & w 891d 4

ENGINEERING ECONOMY ! D " ! (S − R 2 )0.54 " Q1 P

TWA = 16.61log10 # + 90 Q 2 = Q1 $ 0.54 %
= 1
F = P(1 + i)n P = F(1 + i)− n %100 $& $& (S − R1 ) %' Q2 P2
!A " v2A pA vB2 pB
! (1 + i) n − 1) " ! i " dB = 10log10 # 2 $ + + zA = + + z B + h AB
F = A$ % A = F# n
$ % A1 & 2g w 2g w
$ i % # (1 + i ) − 1 $
& ' & '
12.6Pα1.4 4.52Q1.85 2
n n NR = dB / ft Pd = P = (Q / K )
! (1 + i ) − 1 "
P = A$ %
! i (1 + i ) "
A = P# $ A C1.85d 4.87
$ i (1 + i )n % # (1 + i )n − 1 $
& ' & '

RELIABILITY
Pf = 1 − R ( t )

R ( t ) = e−λt

Pf = (1 − Ps )
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

n!
6∑ ( D 2 ) pnk =
2 rs = 1 − ( n − k )!
s=
∑(x ) x=X=X N ( N 2 − 1)
N −1
( ) n!
Cnk =
k!( n − k )!
X −µ
t= n
σ=
∑ ( x2 ) s
r
N ( λt ) e−λt
P(r) =
χ−µ r!
z=
N∑ ( XY ) − ( ∑ X )( ∑ Y ) σ
r=
a m e− a
where a > 0, m = 0,1,2,…
" N ( X 2 ) − ( X ) 2 # " N ( Y 2 ) − ( Y )2 # Pm = P {X = m} =
&$ ∑ ∑ '% &$ ∑ ∑ '% 2 m!
k
(o j − ej )
χ2 = ∑
j=1 ej
x = X−X
y = Y−Y

r=
∑ xy
2 2
( ∑ x )( ∑ y )
 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams

Trigonometric Functions Notes

c
a
A
b
a2 + b2 = c2

a
sin A
c

b
cos A
c

a
Tan A
b

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 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams
Statistics and Probability Notes

X -μ
t n
ŝ

t = t-score
X = mean
μ = mean
ŝ = standard deviation
n = number of data points

X -μ
z
σ

z = z-score
X = data point
μ = mean
= standard deviation

( t)r e- t

P(r)
r!
P = poisson distribution
r = number of observed events or rate
λ = expected number of events or baseline
t = time

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 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams
Reliability Notes

Pf 1 - R(t)

Pf = Probability (failure)
R(t) = Reliability (t)

R(t) e- t

R(t) = Reliability (t)

e = 2.71828
λ = The Failure rate (reciprocal of Mean Time Between Failure)
t = A specified period of fail free operation failure free operation

Mechanics

F = Force required
μ = Coefficient of friction
N = Normal weight

Fd1 1
Fd 2 2

F = Force
d = Distance

v v 0
at

v = Final velocity
vo = Initial velocity
a = Acceleration
t = Time taken

Mechanics Notes

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 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams

at 2

s vt
2
0

vo = Initial velocity
s = Distance traveled
a = Acceleration
t = Time taken

v 2
v 2

0
2as
v = Final velocity
vo = Initial Velocity
s = Distance traveled
a = Acceleration

mv 2

K.E.
2

K.E. = Kinetic Energy

m = mass
v = velocity (ft/sec)

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 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams
Mechanics Notes

W mg
W = weight
m = mass
g = gravity (acceleration)

Electricity

V IR

V = Voltage
I = Current (Amperage)
R = Resistance (Ohms)

P VI
P = Power (Watts)
I = Current (Amperage)
V = Voltage

R SERIES R1 R 2 RN

R = Resistance (Ohms)

1 1 1 1
R PARALLEL R1 R2 RN

R = Resistance (Ohms)

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 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams
Gas Laws Notes

PV nRT

P = Pressure
V = Volume
n = Number of Moles
R = Constant
T = Temperature

P1V1 P2 V2
T1 T2

P = Pressure
V = Volume
T = Temperature

Hydrostatics & Hydraulics

Q2
pv
891d 4
Pv = Pressure velocity (psi)
Q = flow rate (gpm)
d = internal diameter in inches
0.54
S - R2
Q2 Q1 0.54
S - R1
Q = Flow (gpm)
S = Static pressure (psi)
R = Residual pressure (psi)
Hydrostatics & Hydraulics Notes

Q1 P1
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 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams

Q = Flow (gpm)
P = Pressure differential (S – R)

4.52 Q1.85
Pd
C1.85 d 4.87
Pd = Pressure drop – psi/ft
Q = Flow (gpm)
C = coefficient of roughness (pipe)
d = internal diameter in inches

Ventilation

Q AV

Q = Volume (CFM)
A = Area (Cross Section)
V = Velocity (Lineal feet)

V 4005 VP
V = Velocity (Lineal feet)
VP = Velocity pressure

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 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams
Ventilation Notes

V 4005Ce SPh
V = Velocity (Lineal feet)
Ce = Coefficient of entry
SPh = hood static pressure

TP SP VP

TP = Total Pressure
SP = Static Pressure
VP = Velocity Pressure

SPfan SPout - SPin VPin

SP = Static Pressure
VP = Velocity Pressure

Q
V
10x 2 A
V = Velocity
Q = Volumetric flow (cfm)
x = distance to hood opening (ft)
A = area of hood opening (ft2)

G
Q
C
Q = Volumetric flow (cfm)
G = Generation rate (cfm)
C = Concentration (decimal value)

Radiation Notes
2
d1
I I
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2 1 2
 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams

Inverse Square Law

I = Intensity
d = distance

S 6CiEf
S = Roentgens/hour/foot
Ci = Curie strength (curies)
E = Energy (MEV)
f = fractional yield

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 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams
Noise

W
L w 10log 10
W0

LW = Sound pressure level (dB)

W = final sound intensity
W0 = initial sound intensity

p
Lp 20log 10
p0
Lp = Sound pressure level (dB)
p = final sound pressure
p0 = initial sound pressure

8
T L -90 / 5
2
T = Allowable exposure time
L = Exposure (dB)

D
TWA 16.61 log 10 90
100
TWA = Time Weighted Average
D = Dose (%)

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 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams
Engineering Economy Notes

n
F P1 i
n
P F1 i
n
1 i -1
F A
i
i
A F n
1 i -1
n
1 i -1
P A n
i1 i
n
i1 i
A P n
1 i -1

P = Present Value of money

F = Future Value of money
A = Series of payments (annuity)
i = interest rate
n = number of periods

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 Equations Most Often Used on BCSP Exams
Heat Stress Notes

WBGT 0.7 WB 0.3 GT

WBGT = Wet bulb globe temp.

WB = Wet bulb temperature
GT = Globe temperature

WBGT 0.7 WB 0.2 GT 0.1 DB

WBGT = Wet bulb globe temp.

WB = Wet bulb temperature
GT = Globe temperature
DB = Dry bulb temperature

Concentration of Vapors & Gases

mg/m3 24.45
ppm
MW
ppm = concentration
mg/m3 = milligrams/cubic meter
MW = Molecular weight

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