Tacurong National High School

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY and ENGINEERING

PROGRAM
New Isabela, Tacurong City

EFFECTS OF SOIL SALINIZATION IN THE

GROWTH OF VIGNA RADIATA
(MUNG BEAN) PLANT

A Research Requirement
Presented to
The Department of Science,
Science, Technology, and Engineering Program,
Tacurong National High School, Tacurong City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in Research I

By

JANNIELLA G. SEBETERO
Researchers

2021

I
 TRANSMITTAL SHEET
This Science Investigatory Project entitled:
THE EFFECT OF SOIL SALINIZATION IN
THE GROWTH OF Vigna Radiata
(MUNG BEAN) PLANT
Prepared and submitted by JANNIELLA G. SEBETERO in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for Research I is hereby accepted and endorsed.

ALFIE A. GARDOSE
Research Adviser

Respectfully endorsed as partial fulfillment of the requirements for Research I, Science,

Technology, and Engineering Program (STEP), Tacurong National High School, New
Isabela, Tacurong City.

FE T. BATILARAN EMMIE MARIE S. SEBUCAO

STEP Coordinator Science Department Head

_______________________ _________________________
Date Signed Date Signed

MA. TERESITA H. ESCOBIA

Principal II

______________________
Date Signed

II
 APPROVAL SHEET
This Science Investigatory Project entitled:
THE EFFECT OF SOIL SALINIZATION IN
THE GROWTH OF Vigna Radiata
(MUNG BEAN) PLANT
Prepared and submitted by JANNIELLA G. SEBETERO in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for Research I is hereby accepted and endorsed.

ALFIE A. GARDOSE
Research Adviser

______________________
Date Signed

Respectfully endorsed as partial fulfillment of the requirements for Research I, Science,

Technology, and Engineering Program (STEP), Tacurong National High School, New
Isabela, Tacurong City.

FE T. BATILARAN EMMIE MARIE S. SEBUCAO

STEP Coordinator Science Department Head

_______________________ _________________________
Date Signed Date Signed

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for Research I, Science,

Technology and Engineering Program, Tacurong National High School.

ALFIE A. GARDOSE
JHS Research Coordinator

________________________
Date Signed

III
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to thank those who gave full support and motivation

to make this study a success.I thank all who contributed in the completion of this study.

First, I give thanks to God for protection and ability to do work. To the researcher’s class

adviser and the research teacher Mr. Alfie A. Gardose who taught and guided the

researcher in making this study a success.For the researcher’s parents who supported

in financial needs.And to the researcher’s friends for the suports and love they

contribute.

To all of you, thank you.

-RESEARCHER

IV
 DEDICATIONS

I dedicate this Research to God Almighty my creator, my strong pillar, my

source of inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and understanding. He has been the

source of my strength throughout this program and on His wings only have I

soared. I also dedicate this work to my mother; Mary Joan Godinez who has

encouraged me all the way and whose encouragement has made sure that I give

it all it takes to finish that which I have started.

V
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminary Page

Title Page.........................................................................................................................i

Transmittal Sheet ……….………………………………………………………….………...…ii

Approval Sheet………………………………………………...…………..............................iii

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………….……….... iv

Dedication…………………………………………………………………….……………........v

Table of Contents………………………………………………….……....……….................vi

List of Tables……………………………………………………...…………….….................vii

List of Figure………………………………………………...…………….............................vii

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………….……. ix

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION………….………………………………………………………………….....1

Background of the Study………………….....................................................................1

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………….............................2

Hypotheses….……………………………………………..................................................2

Significance of the Study………………………..............................................................3

Scope and Limitations of the Study …………………………………………..............…...3

Conceptual Framework of the Study ............................................................................3

Time and Place of the Study…………………................................................................3

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE…………………………………………………4-5

Chapter III

MATERIALS AND METHODS….…………………………………...................................6

Materials…………………………………………………………………………….................6

Research Design and Treatment ............................................................................….6

Acquisition of Materials...............................................................................................7

Procedures (Step by step with pictures and discussions/narration) ….......................7

Data Gathering Procedures………………………………………………… ……............7

Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS………………………………………………………….…8

Results (Table of means, graphs, observations, etc.) ………………………...........….9

Discussions (Interpretations of tables) ………………………………………..........10-12

Chapter V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………….….13

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………..........13

Recommendations ……………………………………………………………….…...........13

BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………………………………..14

CURRICULUM VITAE …………………………………………………………………….…15

ABSTRACT
 The Research entitled "The Effect of Soil Salinization in the Growth of Vigna

radiata (Mung bean) Plants". Soil salinization is the most concerning issue in the

horticultural components that restricts the capability of the plants to develop. In this

examination, the reason for the specialist is to know whether there's impact of saltiness

in the development of Vigna Radiata (Mung bean) plant along these lines, the analyst

directed an analysis and noticed it inside 7 days. The scientist readies every one of the

materials that are required for planting and in directing the investigation the analyst

utilized Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and it was comprised of four (4)

medicines and repeated three (3) times. At the treatment 1 there are no measure of salt

in the refined water while at the treatment 2 there are 5 grams of salt and at the

treatment 3 and 4 there are 12 and 25 grams of salt break down in the refined water.

After the analyst saw inside 7 days, the specialist discovers that the more measure of

salt fixation in the dirt there are no capability of the seed to developed. Since, the

scientist utilized Analysis of Variance (AnoVa) to assembled every one of the

information, the investigation suggests that the worth of F is lower than the worth of F

crit, accordingly the examination acknowledged the invalid speculation at 0.05 degree of

importance. The scientist reasons that the more measure of salt focus in the dirt the

lesser the efficiency of the plants to grow too.

 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Soil salinity is known for its adverse effects on plant growth and development and

has been recognized as a severe threat to crop growth and yield, even in irrigated

areas, worldwide. Soil salinization is a primary land degradation process that reduces

soil fertility and is a major contributor to desertification in the world's drylands.Soil

salinization is a complex mechanism that has positive and negative effecs on

agricultural plants' physiological and biochemical pathways.Salinization may improve

soil structure, it can also negatively affect plant growth and crop yields.

The Vigna radiata (mung bean) is a fast-growing, warm-season legume. It

reaches maturity very quickly under tropical and subtropical conditions where optimal

temperatures are about 28-30°C and always above 15°C. It can be sown during

summer and autumn. It does not require large amounts of water (600-1000 mm

rainfall/year) and is tolerant of drought. It is sensitive to waterlogging. High moisture at

maturity tends to spoil the seeds that may sprout before being harvested. The mung

bean grows on a wide range of soils but prefers well-drained loams or sandy loams,

with a pH ranging from 5 to 8. It is somewhat tolerant to saline soils (Mogotsi, 2006).

Soil salinization has received much attention from researchers. Although the

salinization is affected by many effectss, the interaction among the effects responsible

for different types and intensities of salinization of different land use and cover types is

still suitably understood. To provide this information, we need to study of Mung Bean
1
under soil salinaztion .Our main objectives were to (a) analyze the spatial variability of

soil salinization , (b) analyze the factors that affects mung bean, and (c) rank the

importance of these factors based on the effects of soil salinization in the growth of

vigna radiata (mung bean) plant. To accomplish these goals, we applied the technique

of grey relational analysis to the field survey data.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects soil salinization in the growth of vigna

radiata (mung bean) plants .

Specifically its answers the following ;

(a) Analyze the spatial variability of the soil salinazation

(b) Analyze the factors that affects mung bean; and

(c) Rank the importance of these factors based on the effects of soil salinization in the

growth of vigna radiata (mung bean) plant.

Hypotheses

H0 :There is no significant effects in soil salinazation in the growth vigna radiata

(mung bean) plant.

H1 : There is a significant effects in soil salinazation in the growth vigna radiata

(mung bean) plant.

2
Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to determine the effect of soil salinization in the

growth of mung bean .It can create a important indicator in arid regions especially,

where salinization of the soil may increase significantly and pose a danger to plants.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study was limited only in the Effects of soil salinization to analyze the factors

in the growth of mung bean.

Conceptual Framework

The researcher would like to ascertain if the soil salinization have a possible

effect to the growth of mug bean .These are the concepts upon wich study based.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

-VIGNA RADIATA -SOIL SALINIZATION

(MUNG BEAN)

Time and Place of the Study

This study will be conducted on July 2021, at New Isabela Tacurong City.

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

3
 . Salinization of soil is one of the major factors limiting crop production,

particularly in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, like Pakistan. It occupies a

prominent placed amongst the soil problems that threaten the sustainability of

agriculture in Pakistan. Out of 16.2 m ha of land under irrigation, more than 40,000 ha of

land is lost to crop production each year in Pakistan (Yasin et al., 1998).Soil salinization

is a major factor contributing to the loss of productivity of cultivated soils. Although

difficult to estimate accurately, the area of salinized soils is increasing, and this

phenomenon is especially intense in irrigated soils. It was estimated that about 20% (45

million ha) of irrigated land, producing one-third of the world’s food, is salt-affecteda

(Shrivastava, P.; Kumar, R.,2015).

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the most important edible legume crops,

grown on more than 6 million ha worldwide (about 8.5% of the global pulse area) and

consumed by most households in Asia. Due to its characteristics of relatively drought-

tolerant, low-input crop, and short growth cycle (70 days or so), the mung bean is widely

cultivated in many Asian countries (concentrated mainly in China, India, Bangladesh,

Pakistan, and some Southeast Asian countries) as well as in dry regions of southern

Europe and warmer parts of Canada and the United States (Dahiya P.K., Linnemann

A.R.,2015). In the predominantly cereal-based diets of China and India, the mung bean

has been consumed as a common food for centuries. For those individuals who cannot

afford animal proteins or those who are vegetarian, the mung bean is of a comparatively

low-cost and has a good source of protein for them. Furthermore, mung bean protein is

easily digestible, as compared to protein in other legumes (Mubarak A.E. & Yi-Shen

Z.,2005 and 2018). Consumption of the mung bean combined with cereals has been

4
recommended to significantly increase the quality of protein, because cereals are rich in

sulfur-containing amino acids but deficient in lysine. A 3:4 ration of mung bean protein

with rice protein, obtaining the highest chemical amino acid score (72), was suggested

as good for consumption . It was found that the protein digestibility of the rice-mung

bean combination diet was 84.4% of that observed for the rice-meat combination diet in

infants, which can almost meet human needs for protein. Moreover, the plant-source

proteins could help to reduce the land occupation and greenhouse gas emissions as

compared to the animal-source proteins, achieving a better compromise between

dietary habits and environmental protection. The mung bean induces less flatulence and

is well tolerated by children ( Kumar Dahiya P., 2014). In many studies, the mung bean

was recommended as a supplement for preparing an infant’s weaning food because of

its high protein content and hypoallergic properties. In Pakistan, approximately 25% of

all iron in the diet is provided by pulses, and the mung bean is consumed by all

households (Ali S., Singh B., Sharma S. ,2016). Despite this, the presence of anti-

nutritional factors in the mung bean may limit the biological value of its nutrients. For

example, phytic acid can bind to several important divalent cations such as iron, zinc,

calcium, and magnesium. The insoluble complexes formed in result of this binding can

limit the mineral absorption and utilization in the small intestine. However, the anti-

nutritional factor can be reduced or eliminated by using various processing methods,

such as fermentation, germination, dehulling, and cooking. (Wang ,2015).

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY
5
Materials

The materials used in the conduct of the study were the following:
Mungbeans,salt , garden soil, salt, measuring spoon ,measuring cups, distilled water
and gardening trowel.

Research Design and Treatments

The study was conducted in complementary randomaized design (CRD)

composed of four treatments replicated three (3) times.

TREATMENTS

T1 25 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg garden soil , 300 ml distilled

water ,no salt.

T2 25 good mungbean seeds , 1 kg garden saoil , 300 ml

distilled water , 5 g salt.

T3 25 good mungbean seeds , 1 kg garden soil , 300 ml distilled

water , 10 g salt.

T4 25 good mungbean seeds , 1 kg garden soil , 300 ml distilled

water , 12g salt.

Procedure

Step 1 :Preparing of materials that we need.

Step 2 : Putting labels in each pots depending on the treatments.

6
 Step 3 :Preperation of the soil

Step4:Preperetion of mungbean

Step 5; Putting different water mixture in every soil (3 treatments)

Step 6 :Putting mixed soil in the medium size pots

Step 7 : Planting mungbean seeds

Step 8: Place the pots in the safe area then observe.

Data Gathering Procedures

The data were gathered using controlled observation ,recording and analyzing

the results.

Data Analysis

The study utilize the likert scale for data gathering procedures using
survey form

5- extremely effective
4- effective
3- slightly effective
2- not effective
1- very much not effective
Chapter IV

RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Results

Table 1. Shoot Measurement of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) Plants within Seven-
day Observation. Tacurong National High School, Tacurong City, June 2021

7
 Treatments Replicates Total
R1 R2 R3 Averag
e
T1-25 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg 4.00 3.70 3.00 10.70 3.50
garden soil , 300 ml distilled water ,no
salt.
T2-25 good mungbean seeds , 1 kg 1.02 0 0.9 0 1.92
garden saoil , 300 ml distilled water , 5 g
salt.
T3-25 good mungbean seeds , 1 kg 0.30 0 0 0 0.30
garden soil , 300 ml distilled water , 10 g
salt.
T4-25 good mungbean seeds , 1 kg 0 0 0 0 0
garden soil , 300 ml distilled water , 12g
salt.
Total Average 3.50
General Average 1.43
Table 1. Shows the shoot measurement of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) plants within
seven-days observation T1 got the highest average of 3.5cm followed by T2 with 1.92cm next
T3 with 0.30cm and T4 with respectively. The general average is 1.43 cm

Table 1.1 Shoot Measurement of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) Plants within Seven-
day Observation. Tacurong National High School, Tacurong City, June 2021

ANOVA
Source of P-
Variation SS df MS F value F crit
Between 0.0214 0.9798
Groups 0.1326 2 0.0658 0 3 4.25658
Within 29.017 3.2241
Groups 5 9 67
29.149
Total 17 11        

AnoVa tables shows that the shoot measurement of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) within

seven-day observation. The value of F is 0.0214 while the value of F crit is 4.2564.

Since the value of F is lower than F crit accept the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of

significance

8
Table 2 Root Measurement of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) Plants within Seven-day
Observation. Tacurong National High School, Tacurong City, June 2021

Treatments Replicates Total Averag

R1 R2 R3 e
T1-Control-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg 2.9 3.2 4.7 10.8 3.6
garden soil, 300 mL distilled water, no salt
T2-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg garden soil, 0.60 0 0.8 0.68 0.23
300 mL distilled water, 5 g salt
T3-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg garden soil, 0 0 0 0 0
300 mL distilled water, 12 g salt
T4-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg garden soil, 0 0 0 0 0
300 mL distilled water, 25 g salt
Total Average 3.83
General Average 1.97
Table 2 .Shows the root measurement of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) plants within
seven-days observation T1 got the highest average of 3.6 followed by T2 with 0.23, next
T3 with 0 and T4 with respectively. The general average is 1.97cm.

Table 2.1 Shoot Measurement of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) Plants within Seven-
day Observation. Tacurong National High School, Tacurong City, June 2021

ANOVA

Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between 0.56871 0.27335 0.0918 0.91278
Groups 7 2 8 5 7 4.256495
Within 27.8327 3.09253
Groups 8 9 1

28.4014
Total 9 11        

Anova tables shows that the root measurement of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) within

seven-day observation. The value of F is 0.092 while the value of F crit is 4.25649.

Since the value of F is lower than F crit accept the null hypothesis at 0.05 level of

significance.

Table 3. Number of Growing Leaves of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) Plants within

9
 Seven-day Observation. Tacurong National High School, Tacurong City,
June 2021
Treatments Replicates Total Avera
R1 R2 R3 ge
T1-Control-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg 1.4 0 0 1.4 3.6
garden soil, 300 mL distilled water, no salt
T2-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg garden 0 0 0 0 0
soil, 300 mL distilled water, 5 g salt
T3-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg garden 0 0 0 0 0
soil, 300 mL distilled water, 12 g salt
T4-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg garden 0 0 0 0 0
soil, 300 mL distilled water, 25 g salt
Total Average 0.46
General Average 0.115
Table 3 .Shows the number of growing leaves of Vigna radiata (Mung bean)
plants within seven-days observation T1 got the highest average of 0.46 followed by T2
with 0, next T3 with 0 and T4 with respectively. The general average is 0.115

Table 3.1 Number of Growing Leaves of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) Plants within
Seven-day Observation. Tacurong National High School, Tacurong City,
June 2021
ANOVA
Source of P-
Variation SS df MS F value F crit
Between 0.3266 0.1633 0.4053
Groups 67 2 33 1 44 4.256495
Within 0.1633
Groups 1.47 9 33

1.7966
Total 67 11        

AnoVa tables shows that the number of growing leaves of Vigna radiata (Mung

bean) within seven-day observation. The value of F is 0 while the value of F crit is

4.2564. Since the value of F is lower than F crit accept the null hypothesis at 0.05 level

of significanc

10
Table 4 Grown Seeds Measurement of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) Plants within
Seven-day Observation. Tacurong National High School, Tacurong City,
June 2021
Treatments Replicates Total Averag
e

R1 R2 R3

T1-Control- 15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg 10.1 8.8 7.3 26.2 8.73

garden soil, 300 mL distilled water, no salt
T2-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg garden 0 0 0 0 0
soil, 300 mL distilled water, 5 g salt
T3-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg garden 0 0 0 0 0
soil, 300 mL distilled water, 12 g salt
T4-15 good mungbean seeds, 1 kg garden 0 0 0 0 0
soil, 300 mL distilled water, 25 g salt

Total Average 8.73

General Average 2.183

Table 4. Shows the grown mung bean seeds of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) plants

within seven-days observation T1 got the highest average of 8.73 followed by T2 with 0,

next T3 with 0 and T4 with respectively. The general average is 2.183cm.

Table 4.1 Grown Seeds Measurement of Vigna radiata (Mung bean) Plants within
Seven-day Observation. Tacurong National High School, Tacurong City,
June 2021
ANOVA

Source of P-
Variation SS df MS F value F crit

Between 0.6716 0.3358 0.0127 0.9873

Groups 67 2 33 92 06 4.256495

11
Within 236.25 26.250
Groups 5 9 56

236.92
Total 67 11        

AnoVa tables shows that the grown mung bean seeds of Vigna radiata (Mung

bean) within seven-day observation. The value of F is 0.0127 while the value of F crit is

4.2564. Since the value of F is lower than F crit accept the null hypothesis at 0.05 level

of significance.

Chapter V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion
Therefore, I conclude that the “Effect Of Soil Salinization in the Growth of Vigna
Radiata (mung bean)plants.” Shows that the F value in each every terms of
measurement is smaller that the Fcrit value that means there is a significance
difference among the treatment employed.

12
Recommendations

For further study, the researcher would like to recommend the following:

1. Be careful on handling the mungbean plant.

2. Avoid exposing the plant direct on sunlight ,just plenty of sunlight is good.And do

not expose in rain.

3. Protect plants from insects and pest .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dahiya P.K., Linnemann A.R., Van Boekel M.A.J.S., Khetarpaul N., Grewal R.B., Nout
M.J.R. Mung bean: Technological and nutritional potential. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6981449/

13
Mubarak A.E. Nutritional composition and antinutritional factors of mung bean seeds

(Phaseolus aureus) as affected by some home traditional processes. Food Chem.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33035935/

Yi-Shen Z., Shuai S., FitzGerald R. Mung bean proteins and peptides: Nutritional,
functional and bioactive properties. Food Nutr. Res. 2018;62 doi:
10.29219/fnr.v62.1290.

Kumar Dahiya P., Nout M.J.R., A. van Boekel M., Khetarpaul N., Bala Grewal R.,
Linnemann A. Nutritional characteristics of mung bean foods. Br. Food J.
2014;116:1031–1046.

Ali S., Singh B., Sharma S. Response surface analysis and extrusion process
optimisation of –mungbean-based instant weaning food. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol.

https://www.technologytimes.pk/2016/03/16/effect-of-salt-on-mungbean

Wang X., Yang R., Jin X., Chen Z., Zhou Y., Gu Z. Effect of germination and
incubation on zn, fe, and ca bioavailability values of mungbeans (Glycine max L.) and
mung beans (Vigna radiate L.) Food Sci. Biotechnol.

https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201800000571

CURRICULUM VITAE

A. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name: Janniella G. Sebetero

Date of Birth: JANUARY 10 2008

14
 Place of Birth: KORONADAL CITY
Grade and Section: GRADE 7- FBayan
School: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM,
TACURONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, TACURONG CITY

B. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: New Isabela Central Elementary School

Date Graduated: APRIL 5, 2019
Secondary: TACURONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, NEW ISABELA,
TACURONG CITY
Status: CURRENTLY ENROLLED

C. FAMILY BACKGROUND

Parents: MR. Jason Liza Sebetero

Miss Mary Joan Ortega Godinez
Home Address: PRK. Sampaguita , BRGY. New Isabela, Tacurong
City ,Sultan Kudarat

15