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ROM A N IA N MAT HEMAT IC AL MAG AZINE
Founding Editor
DANIEL SITARU
Available online ISSN-L 2501-0099
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www.ssmrmh.ro
Proposed by
Daniel Sitaru-Romania
Kostas Geronikolas-Greece
Marius Drăgan – Romania,Neculai Stanciu-Romania
Bogdan Fuştei-Romania,Nguyen Van Canh-BenTre-Vietnam
Alex Szoros-Romania,George Apostolopoulos-Messolonghi-Greece
Marin Chirciu-Romania,Ertan Yildirim-Izmir-Turkiye
Eldeniz Hesenov-Georgia
Mehmet Șahin-Ankara-Turkiye
Marian Ursӑrescu-Romania
Thanasis Gakopoulos-Farsala-Greece
Gheorghe Molea-Romania
Laura Molea-Romania
𝒉𝒂 𝟗𝑹
∑√ ≤ 𝟑 ⋅ √√𝟑𝑹 ( − 𝟑)
𝑨 𝟒𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
Proposed by Kostas Geronikolas-Greece
Solution 1 by Marian Ursărescu-Romania
We must show that:
𝟐
𝒉𝒂 𝟗𝑹 − 𝟏𝟐𝒓
(∑ √ ) ≤ 𝟗√𝟑𝑹 ; (𝟏)
𝑨 𝟒𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
From Cauchy inequality, we have:
𝟐
𝒉𝒂 𝟏
(∑ √ ) ≤ (∑ 𝒉𝒂 ) (∑ ) ; (𝟐)
𝑨 𝑨
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐𝟕√𝟑𝑹(𝟑𝑹 − 𝟒𝒓)
(∑ 𝒉𝒂 ) (∑ )≤ ; ( 𝟑)
𝑨 𝟒𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
𝟏 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 𝟐𝒔𝒓(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓) 𝟐(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓)
∑ 𝒉𝒂 = 𝟐𝑭 ∑ = 𝟐𝒔𝒓 = = ; (𝟒)
𝒂 𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝟒𝑹𝒓𝒔 𝟒𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝒔
∑ = ; ( 𝟓)
𝑨 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
From (3),(4) and (5) we must show:
𝟐(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓) 𝒔 𝟐𝟕√𝟑𝑹(𝟑𝑹 − 𝟒𝒓)
⋅ ≤ ⇔
𝟒𝑹 𝒓 𝟒𝒓
𝟐𝒔(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓) ≤ 𝟗√𝟑𝑹𝟐 (𝟑𝑹 − 𝟒𝒓); (𝟔)
But 𝟐𝒔 ≤ 𝟑√𝟑𝑹 (𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄) ; (𝟕). From (6) and (7) we must show:
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 ≤ 𝟗𝑹(𝟑𝑹 − 𝟒𝒓) ⇔ 𝒔𝟐 ≤ 𝟐𝟕𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝟎𝑹𝒓 − 𝒓𝟐 ; (𝟖)
But 𝒔𝟐 ≤ 𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐 (𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏) ; (𝟗). From (8) and (9) we must show:
𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒂
∑ ∑
𝑨 𝑨
√ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟑⋅ 𝟐 ≤ 𝟑 ⋅ √√𝟑𝑹 (𝟗𝑹 − 𝟑) ⇔ 𝟐 ≤ √𝟑𝑹 (𝟗𝑹 − 𝟑)
𝟑 𝟒𝒓 𝟑 𝟒𝒓
𝒉𝒂 𝟑𝑹
⇔∑ ≤ 𝟑√𝟑𝑹 ( − 𝟑)
𝑨 𝟒𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
Since 𝟑√𝟑𝑹 ≥ 𝟐𝒔 (𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄), it is enough to prove that:
𝒉𝒂 𝟗𝑹
∑ ≤ 𝟐𝒔 ( − 𝟏)
𝑨 𝟒𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
𝟐𝑭 𝟐𝑭 𝟐𝑭𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)
𝒉𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
∑ =∑ =∑ =∑ =
𝑨 (𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄) 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄) 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝑭
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄 √ 𝒄𝒚𝒄 √
𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒄) 𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂 )
𝒔 − 𝒂 (𝟏) 𝟗𝑹
= 𝟐𝒔 ∑ ≤ 𝟐𝒔 ( − 𝟏)
𝒂 𝟒𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒔 − 𝒂 𝟗𝑹
(𝟏) ⇔ ∑ ≤ −𝟑
𝒂 𝟒𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒔−𝒂 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝟏
∑ =∑ −𝟑= ∑ 𝒃𝒄 − 𝟑 = ∑ 𝒃𝒄 − 𝟑 = ∑ 𝒃𝒄 − 𝟑 ≤
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝟒𝑹𝒓𝒔 𝟒𝑹𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝑳𝒆𝒊𝒃𝒏𝒊𝒛 𝟗𝑹𝟐
≤ ∑ 𝒂𝟐 ≤ − 𝟑 = 𝟗𝑹. 𝟒𝒓 − 𝟑
𝟒𝑹𝒓 𝟒𝑹𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
Therefore,
−𝐫 𝟑 (𝟒𝐑 ⏞𝟎
𝟑
+ 𝐫) ≤
𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧
𝐍𝐨𝐰, 𝐋𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (𝐢) ⏞
≤ − 𝐬 𝟒(𝟖𝐑𝐫 − 𝟑𝟔𝐫 𝟐) − 𝐬 𝟐(𝟔𝟎𝐑𝟐𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝐑𝐫𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑𝐫𝟒)
?
⏞𝟎
− 𝐫 𝟑(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟑 ≤
?
⏞
⇔ 𝐬 𝟒(𝟖𝐑 − 𝟏𝟔𝐫) + 𝐬 𝟐(𝟔𝟎𝐑𝟐𝐫 + 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝐑𝐫𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝐫 𝟑) + 𝐫 𝟐 (𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟑 ≥
⏟ 𝟐𝟎𝐫𝐬𝟒
(𝐢𝐢)
𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧
⏞
𝐍𝐨𝐰, 𝐋𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (𝐢𝐢) ⏟ ≥ 𝐬 𝟐(𝟏𝟔𝐑𝐫 − 𝟓𝐫𝟐)(𝟖𝐑 − 𝟏𝟔𝐫) + 𝐬 𝟐(𝟔𝟎𝐑𝟐𝐫 + 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝐑𝐫𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝐫𝟑)
(𝒂)
𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧
⏞
+ 𝐫 𝟐(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟑 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (𝐢𝐢) ⏟ ≤ 𝟐𝟎𝐫𝐬 𝟐(𝟒𝐑𝟐 + 𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝟑𝐫 𝟐)
(𝐛)
(𝒂), (𝐛) ⇒ 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 (𝐢𝐢), 𝐢𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞
∶ 𝐬 𝟐(𝟏𝟔𝐑𝐫 − 𝟓𝐫 𝟐)(𝟖𝐑 − 𝟏𝟔𝐫) + 𝐬 𝟐(𝟔𝟎𝐑𝟐𝐫 + 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝐑𝐫𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝐫 𝟑) + 𝐫 𝟐 (𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟑
≥ 𝟐𝟎𝐫𝐬 𝟐(𝟒𝐑𝟐 + 𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝟑𝐫 𝟐)
⇔ 𝐬 𝟐(𝟏𝟎𝟖𝐑𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓𝟔𝐑𝐫 + 𝟓𝟑𝐫𝟐) + 𝐫(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟑 ≥ 𝟎
(𝐢𝐢𝐢)
𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟑𝑹(𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓)
∑√ ≤√
𝒉𝒂 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐
𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝒓𝒓𝒂
(∑ √ ) ≤ 𝟑∑ ; (𝟐)
𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑭𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑 𝒂𝟐
𝒓𝒓𝒂 = ( )( )
= 𝒔−𝒃 𝒔−𝒄 ≤ ⇒ ≤ = = ; (𝟒)
𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂 ) 𝟒 𝟒𝒉𝒂 𝟒𝒉𝒂 𝟖𝑭 𝟒𝒔𝒓
From (3) and (4), we must show:
𝟏
∑ 𝒂𝟑 ≤ 𝑹(𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓); (𝟓)
𝟒𝒔
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟑𝑹(𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓)
∑√ ≤√ ; (𝟏)
𝒉𝒂 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒓𝒓𝒂 ≤ , 𝒓𝒓𝒃 ≤ , 𝒓𝒓𝒄 ≤ and + + =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒄 𝒓
𝟐
𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟑𝑹(𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓)
(𝟏) ⇔ (∑ √ ) ≤ ; (𝟐)
𝒉𝒂 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐
𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(∑ √ ) ≤ (𝒓𝒓𝒂 + 𝒓𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒓𝒄) ( + + )≤
𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝟏 𝟗𝑹𝟑
≤ ⋅ ≤ ; (𝟑)
𝟒 𝒓 𝟒𝒓
By (2) and (3) we must show:
𝟗𝑹𝟐 𝟔𝑹𝟐 − 𝟑𝑹𝒓
≤ ⇔ 𝟗𝑹𝟐 ≤ 𝟏𝟐𝑹𝟐 − 𝟔𝑹𝒓 ⇔ 𝟔𝑹𝒓 ≤ 𝟑𝑹𝟐 ⇔ 𝑹 ≥ 𝟐𝒓 (𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓) .
𝟒𝒓 𝟐𝒓
Solution 3 by Ruxandra Daniela Tonilă-Romania
𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝑨𝑸𝑴 𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒓𝒂
∑√ ≤ 𝟑√∑ = √𝟑 ∑
𝒉𝒂 𝟑𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
We need to prove:
𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝑭𝟐 𝟏 𝑭 𝒂 𝑭 𝒔 − (𝒔 − 𝒂 )
∑ =∑ ⋅ = ∑ = ∑ =
𝒉𝒂 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) 𝟐𝑭 𝟐 𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂 ) 𝟐 𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂 )
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒂 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑭 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝑭 𝑭 𝟏
= (∑ − ∑ ) = (∑ − ∑ ) = (∑ 𝒓𝒂 − 𝟑𝒓) =
𝟐 𝒔−𝒂 𝒔 𝟐 𝒔−𝒂 𝒔 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Therefore,
𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟑𝑹(𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓)
∑√ ≤√
𝒉𝒂 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝑨 𝟑 𝟑𝑹(𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓)
∑√ = √𝟐𝑹 ⋅ ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ≤ √𝟐𝑹 ≤ √
𝒉𝒂 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Need to prove:
𝟖𝒔𝟑
≥ 𝟒√𝟑𝑭 ⇔ 𝟐𝒔𝟐 ≥ 𝟐𝟕𝑹𝒓
𝟗√𝟑𝑹
𝒔𝟐 ≥ 𝟏𝟔𝑹𝒓 − 𝟓𝒓𝟐(𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏)
⇔ 𝟑𝟐𝑹𝒓 − 𝟏𝟎𝒓𝟐 ≥ 𝟐𝟕𝑹𝒓 ⇔ 𝟓𝑹𝒓 − 𝟏𝟎𝒓𝟐 ≥ 𝟎 ⇔ 𝟓𝒓(𝑹 − 𝟐𝒓) ≥ 𝟎 (𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓).
Solution 3 by Aggeliki Papaspyropulou-Greece
𝒂𝟑
∑ ≥ 𝟒√𝟑𝑭; (𝟏)
𝒄𝒚𝒄
√𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐
𝑨𝑴 − 𝑮𝑴: 𝒂√𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ≤ =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂𝟒 𝒂𝟒
⇒ ≥ 𝟐 ( )
𝟐 ; 𝟐
𝒂√𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒃 + 𝒄
𝟐
𝒂𝟒 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝟐
𝒂𝟒 𝟐
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐
𝑨𝑴 − 𝑮𝑴: 𝟐 + ≥ 𝟐𝒂 ⇔ 𝟐 ≥ 𝟐𝒂 −
𝒃 + 𝒄𝟐 𝟐 𝒃 + 𝒄𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝑮𝑴 𝟑
∑ ≥ 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 ≥ 𝟑 √𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐; (𝟑)
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐
So, we have to prove that:
𝟑
𝟑 √𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 ≥ 𝟒√𝟑𝑭 ⇔ √𝟑√𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐𝒄𝟐 ≥ 𝟏𝟔𝑭; (∗)
𝟑 𝟒𝒂𝒃𝒄
⇔ 𝟑 √ 𝒂 𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄 𝟐 ≥
𝑹
𝟑
𝑹 ⋅ 𝟑 √𝒂𝟒𝒃𝟒 𝒄𝟒 ≥ 𝟒𝒂𝒃𝒄
√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑹≥ ≥ √𝟑 𝟑√𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 = √𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 ; (𝟒)
𝟑 𝟑 √𝟑
𝒂𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
∑ ≥ (∑ 𝒂𝟑) (∑ )≥
√𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝟑 √𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
∑ 𝒂𝟑
≥ √𝟑 ⋅ ≥ 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟒𝑭 ∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨 ≥ 𝟒√𝟑𝑭
√𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏
∵ ∑ 𝒂𝟐 = ∑ 𝒂𝒃 ⋅ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 = 𝟐𝑭 ⋅ ∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨
𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
2906.
In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, 𝒑𝒂 − Spieker cevian the following relationship holds:
𝟏𝟖𝒔𝟐 (𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐 )
𝟐
𝒏𝒂 + 𝒏𝒃 + 𝒏𝒄 𝟐 𝟐 𝒑𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒄 𝟐 +
≤ 𝟓𝒓𝟐
𝒑𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒄 𝟐 𝟐𝒓𝟑 (𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐 )
𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒎𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒎𝒄 𝟐 +
𝟓𝒔𝟑
Proposed by Nguyen Van Canh-BenTre-Vietnam
𝐂 𝟐𝐁 + 𝐂 𝐁 + 𝛑 − 𝐀
∵ 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐤𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 ∆ 𝐃𝐄𝐅, ∴ 𝐦(∡𝐀𝐅𝐒) = 𝐁 +
= =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝛑 𝐀−𝐁 𝐁 𝛑 𝐀−𝐂
= − 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐦(∡𝐀𝐄𝐒) = 𝐂 + = − → (𝟐)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐕𝐢𝒂 (𝟏), (𝟐) 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐥𝒂𝐰 𝐨𝐧 ∆ 𝐀𝐅𝐒 𝒂𝐧𝐝 ∆ 𝐀𝐄𝐒, 𝐰𝐞 𝒂𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝒂𝐭 ∶ 𝐀𝐒𝟐
𝐫𝟐 𝐜𝟐 𝟐𝐫 𝐜 𝐀−𝐁
= + −( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐂 𝟒 𝐂 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐
𝐫𝟐 𝐛𝟐 𝟐𝐫 𝐛 𝐀−𝐂
= + −( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐁 𝟒 𝐁 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐
(𝐢)
𝐫𝟐 𝐜𝟐 𝟐𝐫 𝐜 𝐀−𝐁 𝐫𝟐 𝐛𝟐
⇒ 𝟐𝐀𝐒𝟐 =
⏞ + −( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 + +
𝐂 𝟒 𝐂 𝟐 𝟐 𝐁 𝟒
𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝐫 𝐛 𝐀−𝐂
−( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐁 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐
𝟐𝐫 𝐜 𝐀−𝐁 𝟐𝐫 𝐛 𝐀−𝐂
𝐍𝐨𝐰, ( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐂 𝟐 𝟐 𝐁 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐
𝐫 𝐂 𝐀−𝐁 𝐁 𝐀−𝐂
= (𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧 + 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀+𝐁 𝐀−𝐁 𝐀+𝐂 𝐀−𝐂
= 𝐑𝐫 (𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 + 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐁 𝐂 𝐀
= 𝐑𝐫 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 + 𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 − 𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 ))
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒂(𝐬 − 𝐛)(𝐬 − 𝐜) − 𝐛(𝐬 − 𝐜)(𝐬 − 𝒂) − 𝐜(𝐬 − 𝒂)(𝐬 − 𝐛)
= 𝟐𝐑𝐫 ( )
𝒂𝐛𝐜
𝐀 𝟐𝐀 𝟐𝐀
𝟒(𝐛 + 𝐜)𝐛𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂. 𝟐𝐛𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀 𝐛𝐜 ((𝟐𝐬 − 𝒂)𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 − 𝒂 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 ))
= 𝟐 =
𝟖𝐬 𝟐𝐬
𝐀
𝐛𝐜 ((𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 − 𝒂)
𝟐
=
𝟐𝐬
(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)(𝐬 − 𝐛)(𝐬 − 𝐜)
= − 𝟐𝐑𝐫
𝟐𝐬
𝟐𝐫 𝐜 𝐀−𝐁
⇒ −( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐂 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐
(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐 𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ) =
(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐(𝟖𝐬𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 )
= (𝟐(𝒂 + 𝐛 + 𝐜)
𝟒(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐 𝟒(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐
𝐯𝐢𝒂 (𝐦)
(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐(𝟖𝐬𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ) (𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐
⇒ 𝐩𝟐𝒂 − 𝐦𝟐𝒂 + 𝐦𝟐𝒂 − 𝐧𝟐𝒂 =
⏞ + 𝐬(𝐬 − 𝒂) +
𝟒(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐 𝟒
𝐬(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐
− 𝐬(𝐬 − 𝒂) −
𝒂
(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐 𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ) + (𝒂 − 𝟒𝐬)(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐 ) =
−𝟒𝐬𝟐(𝒂 + 𝟒𝐬)
= (𝒂(𝟖𝐬 (𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐 ⇒ 𝐧𝟐𝒂 − 𝐩𝟐𝒂
𝟒𝒂(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐 𝟒𝒂(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐
𝐬 𝟐(𝒂 + 𝟒𝐬) 𝟐 =
𝐬(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐
= (𝐛 − 𝐜) (𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂 + 𝟐𝐬)(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂 − 𝒂)
𝒂(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐 𝟐𝒂(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐
𝐬(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐
= ((𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐 − 𝒂(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂) + 𝟐𝐬(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂) − 𝟐𝐬𝒂)
𝟐𝒂(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐
𝐬(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐
= ((𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝟒𝐬 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐬𝒂 + 𝒂𝟐 − (𝟔𝐬𝒂 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐))
𝟐𝒂(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐
𝐬(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐 𝟐−
𝐬(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐(𝟑𝐬 + 𝒂)
=( ) 𝟐(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)
𝟐𝒂(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐 (𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐
𝐬(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐 (𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂 − 𝒂)(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂 + 𝐬)
= −
𝒂 𝟐(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐
𝐬(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐 (𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐((𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐 + 𝐬(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂) − 𝒂(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂) − 𝒂𝐬)
= −
𝒂 𝟐(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝟐
? ? 𝐄𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫
𝟏𝟖𝐬 𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫𝟐)
≤ 𝟕(𝐑𝟐 𝟐 ⏞
− 𝟒𝐫 ) ≤ ⇔ ⏞
𝟏𝟖𝐬 > 𝟑𝟓𝐫𝟐
𝟐 (∵ 𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐 ⏞ 𝟎) → 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞
≥
𝟓𝐫 𝟐
𝐌𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜
𝟏𝟖𝐬 𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐)
∵ 𝟏𝟖𝐬𝟐 ⏞
≥ 𝟒𝟖𝟔𝐫 𝟐 > 𝟑𝟓𝐫𝟐 ∴ ∑ 𝐧𝟐𝒂 − ∑ 𝐩𝟐𝒂 ≤
𝟓𝐫 𝟐
(⦁)
𝟏𝟖𝐬𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫𝟐)
⇒ ∑ 𝐧𝟐𝒂 ⏞ ∑ 𝐩𝟐𝒂 +
≤
𝟓𝐫 𝟐
𝟐
(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
≥ 𝒎𝒂 + (𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔)
𝟔
𝟏
→ ∑ 𝒑𝒂 𝟐 ≥ ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + ∑(𝒃 − 𝒄 )𝟐
𝟔
𝒔𝟐 − 𝟑𝒓𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝑹𝒓 𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟒𝒓(𝑹 − 𝟐𝒓) ?
= ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + ⏞
≥ 𝟐
∑ 𝒎𝒂 + ⏞
≥
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐
𝟐𝒓𝟑(𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐)
∑ 𝒎𝒂 +
𝟓𝒔𝟑
𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄
𝑪𝒐ş𝒏𝒊ţă−𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒐𝒊𝒖 𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓
↔ 𝟏𝟎𝒔𝟑 ≥ 𝟑𝒓𝟐(𝑹 + 𝟐𝒓) 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝟏𝟎𝒔𝟑 ⏞
≥ ⏞ 𝟑𝒓𝟐 (𝑹 + 𝟐𝒓)
𝟓. 𝟑√𝟑𝒓. 𝟐𝟕𝑹𝒓 >
𝟐𝒓𝟑 (𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐)
→ 𝒑𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒄 𝟐 ≥ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒎𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒎𝒄𝟐 +
𝟓𝒔𝟑
𝟏𝟖𝒔𝟐(𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐)
→ 𝑰𝒕′ 𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 ∶ 𝒏𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒏𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒏𝒄 𝟐 ≤ 𝒑𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒄 𝟐 +
𝟓𝒓𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟑𝒔𝟐 − 𝟒𝑭𝟐 ∑ = 𝟑𝒔𝟐 − 𝟒𝑭𝟐 ∑ ( + )=
𝒂 (𝒔 − 𝒂 ) 𝒔 𝒂 𝒔−𝒂
𝟒𝑭𝒓 𝒓
= 𝟑𝒔𝟐 − ∑ 𝒂𝒃 − 𝟒𝒓 ∑ 𝒓𝒂 = 𝟑𝒔𝟐 − (𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓) − 𝟒𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)
𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝑹
𝟐
(𝟑𝑹 − 𝒓)𝒔 − 𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) 𝟐
= ≤
𝑹
𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏
(𝟑𝑹 − 𝒓)(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐) − 𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝑹𝟐 𝒓 − 𝟑𝑹𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟑
⏞
≤ = (𝟑)
𝑹 𝑹
𝟏𝟐𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝑹𝟐𝒓 − 𝟑𝑹𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟑
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝟏), (𝟐), (𝟑) 𝒊𝒕′ 𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 ∶
𝑹
≤ 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐(𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐)
↔ 𝟒𝑹𝟐 − 𝟗𝑹𝒓 + 𝟐𝒓𝟐 ≥ 𝟎 ↔ (𝑹 − 𝟐𝒓)(𝟒𝑹 − 𝒓)
≥ 𝟎 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓′ 𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚.
𝟏𝟖𝒔𝟐(𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐 )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒏𝒂 + 𝒏𝒃 + 𝒏𝒄 𝟐 𝒑𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒄 𝟐 +
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, ≤ 𝟓𝒓𝟐
𝒑𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒑𝒄 𝟐 𝟐𝒓 (𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐 )
𝟑
𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒎𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒎𝒄 𝟐 +
𝟓𝒔𝟑
𝑨 𝟏 𝒄𝒉𝒃 + 𝒃𝒉𝒄
(𝟏) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟐) → ∑ 𝑨𝑴. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≥ ∑ .
𝟐 𝟒 𝒎𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏
= (𝟓 ∑ 𝒙𝟓𝐲 + 𝟓 ∑ 𝒙𝐲 𝟓 + 𝟐 ∑ 𝒙𝟒𝐲 𝟐 + 𝟐 ∑ 𝒙𝟐𝐲 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝐲𝐳 (∑ 𝒙𝟑)
𝟔(𝒙𝐲 + 𝐲𝐳 + 𝐳𝒙) ∏(𝐲 + 𝐳)
𝟏
= (𝟒 ∑ 𝒙𝟑𝐲 𝟑 + 𝟒 ∑ 𝒙𝟑 𝐲 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝐲𝐳 (∑ 𝒙𝟑)
𝟔(𝒙𝐲 + 𝐲𝐳 + 𝐳𝒙) ∏(𝐲 + 𝐳)
𝟒
= (∑ 𝒙𝟑𝐲 𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐𝐲 𝟐𝐳𝟐 )
𝟔(𝒙𝐲 + 𝐲𝐳 + 𝐳𝒙) ∏(𝐲 + 𝐳)
𝟐
= (𝟑𝒙𝟐𝐲 𝟐𝐳𝟐 + (∑ 𝒙𝐲) (∑ 𝒙𝟐𝐲 𝟐 − 𝒙𝐲𝐳 (∑ 𝒙))
𝟑(𝒙𝐲 + 𝐲𝐳 + 𝐳𝒙) ∏(𝐲 + 𝐳)
− 𝟑𝒙𝟐𝐲 𝟐𝐳𝟐)
𝟏𝟔𝐑𝟑 𝟐
≥ ((∑ 𝐡𝒂 𝐡𝐛) − 𝟑𝐡𝒂 𝐡𝐛𝐡𝐜 (∑ 𝐡𝒂 ))
𝟗 ∏(𝐜𝒂 + 𝒂𝐛)
𝟐
𝟏𝟔𝐑𝟑 𝟏 𝟐𝟒𝐫𝟑𝐬 𝟑 𝐬 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐
= (( ∑ 𝐛𝐜. 𝐜𝒂) − ( ))
𝟗(𝟒𝐑𝐫𝐬)(𝟐𝐬)(𝐬𝟐 + 𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐 ) 𝟒𝐑𝟐 𝟒𝐑𝐫𝐬 𝟐𝐑
𝟐
(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 . 𝒔 𝟐
(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 . (𝒔 − 𝒂 )
𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ 𝒏𝒂 = 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) + 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒈𝒂 = 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) −
𝒂 𝒂
→ 𝒏𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒈𝒂 𝟐 = 𝟐𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) + (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
− 𝟑𝒙𝟐𝐲 𝟐𝐳𝟐)
(⦁)
𝒙𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝐲 + 𝐳)𝟑 𝟐
∴ ∀ 𝒙, 𝐲, 𝐳 > 0, ∑ − ⏞
≥ (∑ 𝒙𝟐𝐲 𝟐 − 𝒙𝐲𝐳 (∑ 𝒙)) ∴ 𝐩𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝒙
𝐲 + 𝐳 𝟔(𝒙𝐲 + 𝐲𝐳 + 𝐳𝒙) 𝟑 ∏(𝐲 + 𝐳)
= 𝐫𝒂 , 𝐲 = 𝐫𝐛, 𝐳 = 𝐫𝐜 𝐢𝐧 (⦁), 𝐰𝐞 𝒂𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝒂𝐭 ∶
2912.
In 𝜟𝑨𝑩𝑪 the following relationship holds:
𝒓𝟓 (𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐 )
∑(𝟐𝒎𝒂 + 𝒈𝒂 )𝟐 𝟐
≥ ∑ 𝒏𝒂 ≥ ∑ 𝒑𝒂 𝟐
+
𝟑𝑹𝟓 + 𝒔𝟓
Proposed by Nguyen Van Canh-BenTre-Vietnam
𝟐
(𝒄 + 𝒂)𝒄𝟐 + (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒃𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒄 + 𝒂)𝒂𝟐
→ 𝒑𝒂 = −
𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂 (𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐
(𝒃𝟑 + 𝒄𝟑) + 𝒂(𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐) (𝟐𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃)(𝟐𝒄 + 𝟐𝒂)𝒂𝟐
= − =
𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂 𝟒(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐
(𝒃 + 𝒄)[(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 + 𝒃𝒄] + 𝒂[(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 + 𝟐𝒃𝒄]
=
𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂
[(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂) + (𝒃 − 𝒄)][(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂) − (𝒃 − 𝒄)]𝒂𝟐
− =
𝟒(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐
(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝒃𝒄 + 𝟐𝒔(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 (𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐𝒂𝟐 − (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 𝒂𝟐
= −
𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂 𝟒(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐
𝟐𝒔(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 𝒂𝟐 (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 𝒂𝟐
= 𝒃𝒄 + − +
𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂 𝟒 𝟒(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐
𝟐
𝒔(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 + 𝟒𝒃𝒄 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒔(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
𝑨𝒍𝒔𝒐, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ 𝒏𝒂 = 𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂 ) + = +
𝒂 𝟒 𝒂
𝒂𝟐 (𝟒𝒔 + 𝒂)(𝒃 − 𝒄) 𝟐
= 𝒃𝒄 − +
𝟒 𝟒𝒂
⃡⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ∩ ⃡⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐋𝐞𝐭 𝐆𝐞 ≡ 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭, 𝐍𝒂 ≡ 𝐍𝒂𝐠𝐞𝐥 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭, 𝐀𝐆𝐞 ⃡⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ∩ ⃡⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐁𝐂 = {𝐃𝟏}, 𝐀𝐍𝒂 𝐁𝐂
= {𝐃𝟐 } 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝒂𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐞 𝐛 > 𝑐
𝐍𝐨𝐰, 𝐁𝐃𝟏 = 𝐬 − 𝐛, 𝐁𝐃𝟐 = 𝐬 − 𝐜, 𝐂𝐃𝟏 = 𝐬 − 𝐜, 𝐂𝐃𝟐 = 𝐬 − 𝐛 ∴ 𝐃𝟏𝐃𝟐 = 𝐁𝐃𝟐 − 𝐁𝐃𝟏 = 𝐂𝐃𝟏 − 𝐂𝐃𝟐
= 𝐛 − 𝐜 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝒂𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜 > 𝑏, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 ∶ 𝐃𝟏𝐃𝟐 = 𝐜 − 𝐛
𝟐
𝟐𝟎𝒔𝟐 (𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝒓𝟑 )
∑|𝒃 − 𝒄|𝒉𝒂 ≤ ∑ 𝒏𝒂 𝒈𝒂 ≤ ∑ 𝒈𝒂 +
𝒓𝟑
Proposed by Nguyen Van Canh-BenTre-Vietnam
Solution by Mohamed Amine Ben Ajiba-Tanger-Morocco
(∗) (∗∗)
𝟐𝟎𝒔𝟐(𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝒓𝟑)
⏞ ∑ 𝒏𝒂 𝒈𝒂 ≤
∑|𝒃 − 𝒄|𝒉𝒂 ≤ ⏞ ∑ 𝒈𝒂 𝟐 +
𝒓𝟑
𝒔>𝑎
𝒔
𝟐
𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ 𝒏𝒂 = 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) + (𝒃 − 𝒄) ≥ 𝟐 ⏞ (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 → 𝒏𝒂
𝒂
≥ |𝒃 − 𝒄|, 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐, 𝒘𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ 𝒈𝒂 ≥ 𝒉𝒂
→ 𝒏𝒂 𝒈𝒂 ≥ |𝒃 − 𝒄|𝒉𝒂 (𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔) → ∑|𝒃 − 𝒄|𝒉𝒂 ≤ ∑ 𝒏𝒂 𝒈𝒂 → (∗) 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆.
𝒈𝒂 ≤ 𝒏𝒂
𝟏
𝑵𝒐𝒘, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ ∑ 𝒏𝒂 𝒈𝒂 ⏞
≤ ∑ 𝒏𝒂 𝟐 = ∑(𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒓𝒂 𝒉𝒂 ) = 𝟑𝒔𝟐 − 𝟒𝑭𝟐 ∑
𝒂 (𝒔 − 𝒂 )
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟑𝒔𝟐 − 𝟒𝑭𝟐 ∑ ( + )=
𝒔 𝒂 𝒔−𝒂
𝟒𝑭𝒓 𝒓
= 𝟑𝒔𝟐 − ∑ 𝒂𝒃 − 𝟒𝒓 ∑ 𝒓𝒂 = 𝟑𝒔𝟐 − (𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓) − 𝟒𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)
𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝑹
(𝟑𝑹 − 𝒓)𝒔𝟐 − 𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐
= ≤
𝑹
𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏
(𝟑𝑹 − 𝒓)(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐) − 𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝑹𝟐 𝒓 − 𝟑𝑹𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟑
≤⏞ = (𝟐)
𝑹 𝑹
𝑯ӧ𝒍𝒅𝒆𝒓
𝟐 𝟑𝟑
𝟐
∑ 𝒈𝒂 ≥ ∑ 𝒉𝒂 ⏞
≥
𝟏 𝟐
(∑ )
𝒉𝒂
𝟐𝟎𝒔𝟐(𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝒓𝟑) 𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄 𝟐𝟎. 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟐 . (𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝒓𝟑 ) 𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝟏𝟐(𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝒓𝟑)
𝟐 (
= 𝟐𝟕𝒓 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ) ⏞
≥ ⏞
≥ (𝟒)
𝒓𝟑 𝒓𝟑 𝑹
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝟏), (𝟐), (𝟑), 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 (∗∗) 𝒊𝒕′ 𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆
𝟏𝟐𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝑹𝟐 𝒓 − 𝟑𝑹𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟑 𝟏𝟐(𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝒓𝟑)
∶ ≤ 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟐 +
𝑹 𝑹
(𝟏)
𝟏 (𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓)(𝒑𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓 − 𝒓𝟐 ) 𝟐(𝒑𝟐 − 𝟑𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓)
= .√ ⏞
≤ ;
𝒑 𝑹 𝒑𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝑹𝒓
(𝟏) ↔ (𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓)(𝒑𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓 − 𝒓𝟐)(𝒑𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝑹𝒓)𝟐 ≤ 𝟒𝑹𝒑𝟐 (𝒑𝟐 − 𝟑𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓)𝟐;
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝑪 ≥ 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑪 ; (𝟐). From (1) and (2) we must show that:
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝑨 𝟑 𝑹𝟒 𝟏 𝟔
𝟑 𝑹𝟒
𝟐𝟏 + ∑ ≤ ⋅ ⇔ 𝟐𝟏 + ⋅ ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 ≤ ⋅ 𝟒 ; (𝟑)
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑪 𝟐 𝒓𝟒 ∏ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑨 𝟐 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒔𝒓 𝒂
But: 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 = and 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 = ; (𝟒). From (3) and (4) we must show:
𝟐𝑹𝟐 𝟐𝑹
𝟒𝑹𝟒 𝟏 𝟔
𝟑 𝑹𝟒 𝟏 𝟔
𝟑 𝑹𝟒
𝟐𝟏 + 𝟐 𝟐 ⋅ ∑ 𝒂 ≤ ⋅ 𝟒 ⇔ 𝟐𝟏 + ∑ 𝒂 ≤ ⋅ 𝟒 ; (𝟓)
𝒔 𝒓 𝟔𝟒𝑹𝟔 𝟐 𝒓 𝟏𝟔𝑹𝟐 𝒓𝟐𝒔𝟐 𝟐 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝒂𝟒 𝒃𝟒 𝟏 𝑹 𝟒 𝑹 𝟒
= ∑ (𝟏𝟒 + 𝟒 + 𝟒) ≤ ∑ ( ) = 𝟏𝟐. ( ) .
𝟒 𝒃 𝒂 𝟒 𝒓 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝑨 𝑹 𝟒
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝟏𝟎, 𝟓 + ∑ ≤ 𝟏𝟐. ( ) .
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝑪 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟑 𝑨 𝟑𝑹 𝟑 𝒓
∑ √𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 ≤ √
𝟐 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨 𝟓
𝐁𝐮𝐭: ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 =𝟏− ; (𝟒)
𝟐 𝟐𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟑𝑹 𝟑 𝒓
= √ .
𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝑹
𝟑 𝑨 𝟑𝑹 𝟑 𝒓
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, ∑ √𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 ≤ √ .
𝟐 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝑹
𝟑 𝑨 𝟑𝑹 𝟑 𝒓
∑ √𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 ≤ √ ⇔
𝟐 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟑 𝑨 𝟑 𝒔𝒃 𝒔𝒄 ? 𝟑𝑹 𝟑 𝒓 𝒂+𝒄−𝒃 𝒂+𝒃−𝒄
∑ √𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 =∑√ ≤ √ ; (𝟏), 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝒔𝒃 = , 𝒔𝒄 = ,
𝟐 𝒃𝒄 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝑹 𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒃+𝒄−𝒂
𝒔𝒂 =
𝟐
𝟑 𝒂𝒔𝒃𝒔𝒄 𝟑𝑹 𝟑 𝒓 𝟑𝑹 𝟑 𝒓
(𝟏) ⇔ ∑ √ ≤ √ ⇔ ∑ 𝟑√𝒂𝒔𝒃 𝒔𝒄 ≤ √ ⋅ 𝟒𝑹𝒓𝒔 ⇔
𝒂𝒃𝒄 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝑹 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟑𝑹 𝟑
∑ 𝟑√𝒂𝒔𝒃 𝒔𝒄 ≤ √𝟐𝒓𝟐 𝒔; (∵ 𝒓𝟐𝒔 = 𝒔𝒂 𝒔𝒃 𝒔𝒄)
𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟑 𝒂 𝟑𝑹
∑√ ≤ √ ; (𝟐)
𝟐𝒔𝒂 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒂𝟑 𝒂𝟐
= = ≤ ; (∵ 𝒓𝒂 ≤ )
𝟐𝒔𝒂 𝟐𝒔𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝑭 𝟖𝒓𝑭 𝟒𝒓
𝒂 𝟑𝑹
⇒∑𝟑 ≤ ; (𝟑)
√ 𝟖𝒓𝑭 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟑𝑹 𝟑 𝟑𝑹 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
∑𝒂 ≤ √ 𝟖𝒓𝟐𝒔 = √𝒓 𝒔 ⇔ 𝟐𝒓𝒔 ≤ 𝟑𝑹 √𝒓𝟐 𝒔; (𝟒)
𝟐𝒓 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
= 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 + ⋅ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 + ⋅ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑪 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 + (𝒄 ⋅ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 + 𝒃 ⋅ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑪) =
𝒃 𝒄 𝒃𝒄
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒃 𝒄
= 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 +
= + = = +
𝒃𝒄 𝒃𝒄 𝒃𝒄 𝒃𝒄 𝒄 𝒃
𝟏 𝒃 𝒄 𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝑨 + 𝝎)
≥ + ⇔ ≥ ⇔ 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝑨 + 𝝎) ≤ 𝟏 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞.
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎 𝒄 𝒃 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎
𝒃 𝒄 𝟐𝒎𝒂 𝟐𝒎𝒂
+ ≥ ⋅ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 ⇔ 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 ≥ ⋅ 𝒃𝒄 ⋅ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨
𝒄 𝒃 𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒂
𝟐𝒎𝒂
⇔ 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 ≥ ⋅ 𝟐𝑭 ⇔ 𝒉𝒂 (𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐) ≥ 𝟒𝒎𝒂 ⋅ 𝑭
𝒉𝒂
𝟐𝑭 𝟐
⇔ (𝒃 + 𝒄𝟐) ≥ 𝒂𝟐(𝟐𝒃𝟐 + 𝟐𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐)
𝒂
⇔ (𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)𝟐 ≥ 𝟐𝒂𝟐(𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐) − 𝒂𝟒 ⇔ (𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐)𝟐 ≥ 𝟎; (𝟐)
̂ ) = 𝟗𝟎∘
Equality holds for 𝝁(𝑨
From (1) and (2) we get:
𝟏 𝒃 𝒄 𝒎𝒂
≥𝟏 + ≥𝟐⋅ ⋅ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎 𝒄 𝒃 𝒉𝒂
Solution 2 by Mohamed Amine Ben Ajiba-Tanger-Morocco
(𝟏) (𝟐)
𝟏 𝒃 𝒄 𝒎
⏞ + ≥
≥ ⏞ 𝟐. 𝒂 . 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎 𝒄 𝒃 𝒉𝒂
𝟐𝑭
𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎 = → (𝟏) ↔
√𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐𝒂𝟐
√𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐𝒂𝟐 𝒃 𝒄
≥ +
𝟐𝑭 𝒄 𝒃
↔ 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐(𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐𝒂𝟐) ≥ 𝟒𝑭𝟐 . (𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)𝟐
𝟏
= [𝟐(𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐𝒄𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒂𝟐) − (𝒂𝟒 + 𝒃𝟒 + 𝒄𝟒)]. (𝒃𝟒 + 𝒄𝟒 + 𝟐𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐)
𝟒
↔ 𝟒𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐(𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐𝒂𝟐) ≥
↔ ∑ 𝒙𝟑 (𝒚 + 𝒛 − 𝒙) ≤ 𝒙𝒚𝒛 ∑ 𝒙
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝒃𝒄
↔ ∑ 𝒂𝟓. ≤ . ∑ 𝒂𝟐
𝟐𝒃𝒄 𝟐
𝑳𝒆𝒊𝒃𝒏𝒊𝒛 𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄 & 𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓
𝟑√𝟑𝑹 𝑹
𝑨𝒍𝒔𝒐, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ ∑ 𝒂𝟐 ⏞
≤ 𝟗𝑹𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒃𝒄 = 𝟒𝑹𝒔𝒓 ⏞
≤ 𝟒𝑹. .
𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟑√𝟑𝑹𝟑
(𝒎𝒃 − 𝒎𝒄 )𝟐 𝟗
∑ √𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + + 𝟐 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 ≤ √∑ 𝒂𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
= √𝟑 (𝟐 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 − ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 )
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
(𝒎 𝒃 − 𝒎 𝒄 )𝟐
→ ∑ √ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + + 𝟐 ∑ 𝒎𝒂
𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
≤ √𝟑 (𝟐 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 − ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 ) + 𝟐√∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + 𝟐 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 ≤
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
= √𝟑 (𝟖 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 ) ≤
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟑 𝟗
≤ √𝟑 (𝟖 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 ) = 𝟑√𝟑 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 = 𝟑√𝟑. ∑ 𝒂𝟐 = √∑ 𝒂𝟐.
𝟒 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆,
(𝒎 𝒃 − 𝒎 𝒄 )𝟐 𝟗
∑ √ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + + 𝟐 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 ≤ ∑ 𝒂𝟐 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒊𝒇𝒇 𝒎𝒂 = 𝒎𝒃 = 𝒎𝒄
𝟐 𝟐√
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
↔ 𝒂 = 𝒃 = 𝒄 ↔ ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍.
𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒂 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒄
( ∗) ↔ 𝟐 ∑ 𝒉𝒂 𝒎 𝒂 ≥ ∑ 𝒉 𝒂 𝒉𝒃 . + ∑ 𝒉𝒄 𝒉𝒂 . ↔ ∑ (𝟐 − − )𝒉 𝒎 ≥ 𝟎
𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 𝒂 𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒉 𝒂 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒄
𝑾𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆 ∶ , , ≤ 𝟏.
𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄
𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝟐 ∑ 𝒉𝒂 𝒎 𝒂 ≥ ∑ 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒄 ( + ).
𝒎𝒄 𝒎𝒃
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒔𝒂 𝑹 𝟑
∑√ +𝝀⋅ ≥ 𝟑 + 𝝀, ∀𝝀 ≥ .
𝒎𝒂 𝟐𝒓 𝟐
𝒔𝒂 𝑹 𝟒𝒃𝒄 𝟑 𝑹 𝟗 𝟑𝑹 𝟑
∑√ + 𝝀 ( − 𝟏) − 𝟑 ≥ ∑ + ( − 𝟏) − 𝟑 ≥ 𝟐 + − −𝟑
𝒎𝒂 𝟐𝒓 (𝒃 + 𝒄) 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝒓 (𝒃 + 𝒄) 𝟒𝒓 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 ∑
𝟒𝒃𝒄
=
𝟕𝟐𝑹𝒓 𝟑𝑹 𝟗 𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟕𝟐𝑹𝒓 𝟑𝑹 𝟗
= + − ≥ + − =
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝑹𝒓 𝟒𝒓 𝟐 𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝑹𝒓 𝟒𝒓 𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝑹𝒓 𝟑𝑹 𝟗 ? 𝑹
= 𝟐 𝟐
+ − ≥ 𝟎; 𝒍𝒆𝒕 = 𝒕 ≥ 𝟐(𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓)
𝟐𝑹 + 𝟕𝑹𝒓 + 𝟐𝒓 𝟒𝒓 𝟐 𝒓
𝟑𝟔𝒕 𝟑𝒕 − 𝟏𝟖
⇒ 𝟐 + ≥ 𝟎 ⇔ (𝒕 − 𝟐)(𝟐𝒕𝟐 − 𝒕 + 𝟔) ≥ 𝟎 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝒕 ≥ 𝟐
𝟐𝒕 + 𝟕𝒕 + 𝟐 𝟒
Solution 2 by Mohamed Amine Ben Ajiba-Tanger-Morocco
𝑩𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒍𝒂
𝒔𝒂 𝟐 𝟐𝒓
𝑾𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ √ =√ ⏞
≥ √ ,
𝒎𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝑹
+
𝒄 𝒃
𝑨𝑴−𝑮𝑴
𝟐𝒓 𝑹 𝒓 𝒓 𝑹 𝟑 𝒓 𝑹 𝟑
𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 ∶ √ + =√ +√ + ⏞
≥ 𝟑√ . =
𝑹 𝟒𝒓 𝟐𝑹 𝟐𝑹 𝟒𝒓 𝟐𝑹 𝟒𝒓 𝟐
𝒔𝒂 𝑹 𝟑
→ √ + ≥ (𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔)
𝒎𝒂 𝟒𝒓 𝟐
𝟑
= 𝟑 + 𝝀, ∀𝝀 ≥ .
𝟐
Solution 3 by Alex Szoros-Romania
Lemma 1. In 𝚫𝑨𝑩𝑪 the following relationship holds:
𝟑𝑹 𝟐𝒓 𝟗
+ 𝟑√ ≥
𝟒𝒓 𝑹 𝟐
𝑹 𝟑𝒕𝟐 𝟑 𝟗
Proof. Let us denote: √ = 𝒕 ≥ 𝟐, then + ≥ ⇔ 𝒕𝟑 − 𝟑𝒕 + 𝟐 ≥ 𝟎
𝟐𝒓 𝟐 𝒕 𝟐
(𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟐(𝒕 + 𝟐) ≥ 𝟎; ∀𝒕 ≥ 𝟏.
Lemma 2. In 𝚫𝑨𝑩𝑪 the following relationship holds:
𝟐𝒃𝒄 𝟐𝒓
∑√ ≥ 𝟑 √
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐𝒃𝒄 𝟐𝒓
∑√ ≥ 𝟑√
𝒃𝟐+𝒄 𝟐 𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟑 𝑹 𝒔𝒂
Defined the function: 𝒇: [ , ∞) → ℝ, 𝒇(𝝀) = ( − 𝟏) + ∑ √ −𝟑⇒
𝟐 𝟐𝒓 𝒎𝒂
𝑹 𝟑
𝒇 ′ (𝝀 ) = − 𝟏 ≥ 𝟎 ⇒ 𝒇 −increasing on [ , ∞)
𝟐𝒓 𝟐
𝟑 𝑹 𝟑 𝟐𝒃𝒄 𝟑𝑹 𝟐𝒃𝒄 𝟗
𝒇 ( ) = ( − 𝟏) ⋅ + ∑ √ 𝟐 𝟐
−𝟑= +∑√ 𝟐 𝟐
− ≥
𝟐 𝟐𝒓 𝟐 𝒃 +𝒄 𝟒𝒓 𝒃 +𝒄 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟑𝑹 𝟐𝒓 𝟗
≥ + 𝟑√ − ≥ 𝟎
𝟒𝒓 𝑹 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
How 𝝀 ≥ ⇒ 𝒇 (𝝀 ) ≥ 𝒇 ( ) ≥ 𝟎 ⇒ 𝒇 (𝝀 ) ≥ 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐
𝐫 𝐀
⇒ ∑ √𝐫𝟐𝐫𝟑 = (𝟑 + ∑ 𝐭𝒂𝐧 )
𝟐 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏
+ (∑(𝒈𝒂 − 𝐫) − 𝐬) ⇒ ∑ √𝐫𝟐𝐫𝟑 ≥ (𝒈𝒂 + 𝒈𝐛 + 𝒈𝐜 − 𝐬) (𝐐𝐄𝐃)
𝟐 𝟐
∑(𝒏𝒂 + 𝒈𝒂 ) ≥ 𝟐 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 .
𝒎𝒂
𝑨𝒍𝒔𝒐, 𝒃𝒚 𝑨𝑴 − 𝑮𝑴, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ ∑ ≥ 𝟑 → 𝑰𝒕′ 𝒔 𝒔𝒖𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 ∶
𝒎𝒃
𝟑 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 ≥ ∑ 𝒔𝒂 + ∑ 𝒈𝒂 + ∑ 𝒘𝒂
𝟐 𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐
∑ 𝒉𝒂 √𝒘𝒂 𝒎𝒂 ≤ ∑ 𝒉𝒂 + ∑ 𝒘𝒂 𝒎𝒂
𝒓𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒔 (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ 𝒏𝒂 𝟐 = 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) + 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝒓𝒂 → 𝒏𝒂 𝟐
𝒂
𝟒𝒔𝒓𝒓𝒂
= 𝒔𝟐 − = 𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒉𝒂 𝒓𝒂
𝒂
= ∑ (𝒔 − 𝒏𝒂 ) = 𝟑𝒔 − ∑ 𝒏𝒂 (𝟒)
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑳𝒆𝒎𝒎𝒂 𝟏
𝟏 𝝎
= (∑ 𝒏𝒂 − 𝟑 𝟑√𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃 𝒏𝒄) ⏞
≥ .
𝟑 𝟑
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨 𝟑 𝟐 𝒓 𝒂 𝒉𝒂 𝝎
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, ∑ 𝑨𝑴. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≥ √𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃 𝒏𝒄 + ∑ + .
𝟐 𝟑 𝒏𝒂 + 𝒔 𝟑
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
⇒ ∑ 𝒂𝟕 = 𝟒𝟖𝐑𝐫𝐬𝟑(𝐬 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐)
𝟐
+ [(𝐬 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐) − 𝟏𝟔𝐑𝐫𝐬𝟐] (𝟒𝐑𝐫𝐬 + 𝟒𝐬(𝐬𝟐 − 𝟔𝐑𝐫 − 𝟑𝐫 𝟐))
𝟑
− 𝟑𝟐𝐫 𝟐𝐬 𝟑(𝐬 𝟐 − 𝟔𝐑𝐫 − 𝟑𝐫𝟐) − 𝟐𝐬(𝐬𝟐 + 𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐 )
𝐀−𝐆
𝟏 𝒂𝟑
+ 𝟐 (∑ 𝒂 ) ∑ 𝟔 𝟕 ⏞ 𝟗𝟏, 𝟓 + (∑ 𝒂𝟕) ∑
≤
(𝐛 + 𝐜 𝟔 )(𝐛 + 𝐜) 𝒂𝟑𝐛𝟑 𝐜 𝟑(𝐛 + 𝐜)
𝟏 𝒂𝟑
= 𝟗𝟏, 𝟓 + (∑ 𝒂𝟕 ) . . ∑
𝟔𝟒𝐑𝟑𝐫 𝟑𝐬 𝟑 𝐛+𝐜
𝐯𝐢𝒂 (𝐢),(𝐢𝐢)
𝟏𝟖𝟑 𝟐𝐬(𝐬 𝟔 − (𝟏𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝟐𝟏𝐫 𝟐 )𝐬𝟒 + 𝐫 𝟐 𝐬𝟐(𝟏𝟏𝟐𝐑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝐑𝐫 + 𝟑𝟓𝐫 𝟐 ) − 𝐫 𝟑 (𝟐𝟐𝟒𝐑𝟑 + 𝟐𝟐𝟒𝐑𝟐𝐫 + 𝟕𝟎𝐑𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟕𝐫 𝟑 )) 𝟐𝐬 𝟒 − (𝟏𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝟏𝟐𝐫 𝟐 )𝐬𝟐 + 𝐫 𝟐 (𝟏𝟔𝐑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝟐𝐫 𝟐 )
⏞
= + .
𝟐 𝟔𝟒𝐑𝟑𝐫 𝟑𝐬 𝟑 𝐬 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐
(𝐬 𝟔 − (𝟏𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝟐𝟏𝐫 𝟐 )𝐬𝟒 + 𝐫 𝟐 𝐬𝟐(𝟏𝟏𝟐𝐑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝐑𝐫 + 𝟑𝟓𝐫 𝟐 ) − 𝐫 𝟑 (𝟐𝟐𝟒𝐑𝟑 + 𝟐𝟐𝟒𝐑𝟐𝐫 + 𝟕𝟎𝐑𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟕𝐫 𝟑 ))(𝟐𝐬𝟒 − (𝟏𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝟏𝟐𝐫 𝟐 )𝐬 𝟐 + 𝐫 𝟐 (𝟏𝟔𝐑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝟐𝐫 𝟐 )) + 𝟐𝟗𝟐𝟖𝐑𝟑 𝐫𝟑 𝐬𝟐 (𝐬𝟐 + 𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐 )
=
𝟑𝟐𝐑𝟑𝐫 𝟑𝐬 𝟐(𝐬𝟐 + 𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐 )
?
𝐑 𝟔
⏞
≤ 𝟗𝟔 ( ) ⇔ 𝟐𝐫 𝟑𝐬 𝟏𝟎 − 𝐫 𝟒𝐬 𝟖(𝟒𝟎𝐑 + 𝟓𝟒𝐫) + 𝐫 𝟓𝐬 𝟔(𝟒𝟎𝟖𝐑𝟐 + 𝟕𝟏𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝟑𝟐𝟒𝐫 𝟐)
𝟐𝐫
− 𝐬 𝟒(𝟒𝟖𝐑𝟗 − 𝟗𝟏𝟐𝐑𝟑𝐫 𝟔 + 𝟑𝟗𝟕𝟔𝐑𝟐𝐫 𝟕 + 𝟐𝟓𝟐𝟎𝐑𝐫𝟖 + 𝟒𝟕𝟔𝐫 𝟗)
−𝐫𝐬 𝟐(𝟗𝟔𝐑𝟏𝟎 + 𝟒𝟖𝐑𝟗𝐫 − 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟔𝐑𝟒𝐫 𝟔 − 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟖𝐑𝟑𝐫 𝟕 − 𝟓𝟗𝟗𝟐𝐑𝟐𝐫 𝟖 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟒𝐑𝐫𝟗 − 𝟏𝟓𝟒𝐫 𝟏𝟎)
?
⏞𝟎
− 𝐫 𝟖(𝟑𝟓𝟖𝟒𝐑𝟓 + 𝟔𝟐𝟕𝟐𝐑𝟒𝐫 + 𝟒𝟐𝟓𝟔𝐑𝟑𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟎𝐑𝟐𝐫 𝟑 + 𝟐𝟐𝟒𝐑𝐫𝟒 + 𝟏𝟒𝐫 𝟓) ≤
⏟
(⦁)
𝐄𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫
⏞ 𝟎)
= (𝐑 − 𝟐𝐫)(𝟏𝟔𝐑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟔𝐑𝟐(𝐑 − 𝟐𝐫) + 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝐑𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟒𝟑𝟐𝐫𝟑) + 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟎𝐫 𝟑 >
(⦁⦁⦁⦁)
2930. If 𝒕 ≥ 𝟏 then prove that in any triangle 𝑨𝑩𝑪 the following relationship
holds:
𝟏 𝟑𝒕+𝟏 𝑹𝒕 𝟏 𝟏
∑ + ≥ ∑
(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪)𝒕 𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒕 𝟐𝒕−𝟐 𝒕𝑩 𝒕𝑪
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
𝒇′′ (𝒙) = 𝒕(𝒕 − 𝟏)𝒙−𝒕−𝟐 > 𝟎 ⇒ 𝒇 −concave function om (𝟎, ∞). Using Popoviciu’s
inequality, we have:
𝒙+𝒚+𝒛 𝒙+𝒚
∑ 𝒇(𝒙) + 𝟑𝒇 ( ) = 𝟐∑𝒇( ) ; ∀𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 > 𝟎
𝟑 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟑𝒕+𝟏 𝟐𝒕+𝟏
∑ + ≥ ∑
(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪)𝒕 𝟐𝒕 (∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨)𝒕 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 + 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪)𝒕
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Let 𝒈: (𝟎, 𝝅) → ℝ, 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙, then 𝒈′ (𝒙) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 and 𝒈′′ (𝒙) = − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 < 𝟎, thus
𝒈 −concave function on (𝟎, 𝝅).
𝑨 + 𝑪 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 𝑨+𝑪
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ≥ ⇒ 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ≥ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝑩 𝑩
𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( − ) = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≥ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑩 𝑨
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 ≤ 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 ≤ 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟐 𝟐
𝑨 𝑩
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 + 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 ≤ 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟐 𝟐
𝒕
𝑨 𝑩 𝒕
𝑨 𝑩 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬
(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 + 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪)𝒕 ≤ 𝟐𝒕 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) = 𝟒𝒕 ( 𝟐 𝟐) ≤
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑨 𝑩
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕
≤ 𝟒𝒕 ⋅ 𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝒕−𝟏 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝑨 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝑩)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑𝒕+𝟏 𝑹𝒕 𝟐𝒕+𝟏
∑ + ≥ ∑ ≥
(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪)𝒕 𝟐𝒕 𝒔 𝒕 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 + 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪)𝒕
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐𝒕+𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
≥∑ = 𝒕−𝟐 ∑ =
𝟐 𝟐𝒕−𝟏 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝑨 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝑩) 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝑨 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝑩
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟐 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
= 𝒕−𝟐 ∑
𝟐 𝒕𝑩 𝒕𝑪
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
Therefore,
𝟏 𝟑𝒕+𝟏 𝑹𝒕 𝟏 𝟏
∑ + ≥ ∑
(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪)𝒕 𝟐𝒕 𝒔 𝒕 𝟐𝒕−𝟐 𝒕𝑩 𝒕𝑪
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
𝒂 𝟑 𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃 𝒏𝒄 𝒓𝒂
∑ ≥ 𝟑√ + 𝟐∑ + 𝝎,
𝑨𝑰 𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒄 𝒔 + 𝒏𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃 𝒏𝒃 𝒏𝒄 𝒏𝒄 𝒏𝒂
𝝎 = 𝒎𝒂𝒙 {(√ − √ ) , (√ − √ ) , (√ − √ ) }
𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒄 𝒉𝒄 𝒉𝒂
𝒓 𝒂 𝟒𝑹𝒔𝒓 𝒔
=∏ = 𝟒𝑹𝒓𝟐 → ∑ ≥ = (𝟏)
𝑨 𝑨𝑰 𝟒𝑹𝒓𝟐 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐
𝒔 (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ 𝒏𝒂 𝟐 = 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) + 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝒓𝒂 → 𝒏𝒂 𝟐
𝒂
𝟒𝒔𝒓𝒓𝒂
= 𝒔𝟐 − = 𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒉𝒂 𝒓𝒂
𝒂
𝑳𝒆𝒎𝒎𝒂
𝒏𝒂 𝟑 𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃 𝒏𝒄
=∑ − 𝟑√ ⏞
≥ 𝝎.
𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂 𝟑 𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃 𝒏𝒄 𝒓𝒂
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, ∑ ≥ 𝟑√ + 𝟐∑ +𝝎
𝑨𝑰 𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒄 𝒔 + 𝒏𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
2932. In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ∶
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓 𝑨 𝑹 𝟓
𝟐𝟐, 𝟓 + ∑ ≤ 𝟐𝟒 ⋅ ( )
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓 𝑪 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂𝟓 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝟑. 𝟑𝟎 𝒂𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟐𝟐, 𝟓 + ∑ 𝟓 ⏞
≤ + ∑ ( 𝟓 + 𝟓) =
𝒃 +𝒄 𝟓 𝟒 𝟒 𝒃 𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓 𝑨 𝑹 𝟓
𝟐𝟐, 𝟓 + ∑ ≤ 𝟐𝟒. ( ) .
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓 𝑪 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
(⦁⦁)
𝐂𝒂𝐬𝐞 𝟏 𝟑𝐑𝟕 − 𝟏𝟔𝐑𝟒𝐫 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟔𝐑𝟑𝐫 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝐑𝟐𝐫 𝟓 + 𝟕𝟒𝐑𝐫 𝟔 − 𝟖𝟓𝐫 𝟕 ≥ 𝟎 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧, 𝐋𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (⦁⦁) > 𝟎
𝐂𝒂𝐬𝐞 𝟐 𝟑𝐑𝟕 − 𝟏𝟔𝐑𝟒𝐫 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟔𝐑𝟑𝐫 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎𝟔𝐑𝟐𝐫 𝟓 + 𝟕𝟒𝐑𝐫 𝟔 − 𝟖𝟓𝐫 𝟕 < 𝟎 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧, 𝐋𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (⦁⦁)
𝐄𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫
⏞ 𝟐 ⇒ 𝐋𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (⦁⦁) ≥ 𝟎
→ 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 ∵ 𝐭 ≥
∴ 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝒂𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝟏 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝟐, 𝐢𝐧 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝒂𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐁𝐂, 𝐋𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (⦁⦁) ≥ 𝟎 𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞
⇒ (⦁⦁) ⇒ (⦁) 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝒂𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐁𝐂
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓𝐀 𝐑 𝟓
⇒ 𝐢𝐧 𝒂𝐧𝐲 ∆ 𝐀𝐁𝐂, 𝟐𝟐, 𝟓 + ∑ ≤ 𝟐𝟒 ( ) (𝐐𝐄𝐃)
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓𝐁 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓𝐂 𝟐𝐫
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝟑 √𝟑 − 𝟒 𝒔
𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤ 𝟏 + √𝟏 + ⋅
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝑹
Proposed by Marius Drăgan, Neculai Stanciu-Romania
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
(∗) ↔ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤ 𝟏 + √𝟏 + 𝟐(𝟑√𝟑 − 𝟒). 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒔′ 𝒔 ′ 𝒓′
↔ ′ − 𝟏 ≤ √𝟏 + (𝟑√𝟑 − 𝟒). ′ 𝟐 ,
𝑹 𝑹
𝒔′ 𝒔′ 𝒔 ′ 𝒓′
𝑰𝒇 − 𝟏 ≤ 𝟎 → − 𝟏 ≤ 𝟎 ≤ √𝟏 + (𝟑√𝟑 − 𝟒). → (∗) 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆.
𝑹′ 𝑹′ 𝑹′ 𝟐
𝑺𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 ′ 𝟐
𝒔′ 𝒔 − 𝟐𝒔′ 𝑹′ 𝒔 ′ 𝒓′
(
𝑰𝒇 ′ − 𝟏 ≥ 𝟎 → ∗ ) ⏞
↔ ≤ (𝟑√𝟑 − 𝟒). ′ 𝟐 ↔ 𝒔′
𝑹 𝑹′ 𝟐 𝑹
≤ 𝟐𝑹′ + (𝟑√𝟑 − 𝟒)𝒓′ 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝑩𝒍𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒏′ 𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚.
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝟑√𝟑 − 𝟒 𝒔
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤ 𝟏 + √𝟏 + . .
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝑹
√𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 . √𝒘𝒂 𝒘𝒃
≥ 𝟐∑
𝒄𝒚𝒄 √𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 . √𝒘𝒂 𝒘𝒃 + √𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃 . √𝒈𝒂 𝒈𝒃
𝟐
(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ 𝒏𝒂 = 𝒔 ((𝒔 − 𝒂) + ) (𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔) ,
𝒂
𝟐
(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
𝒈𝒂 = (𝒔 − 𝒂) (𝒔 − ) (𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔)
𝒂
→ 𝟒[(𝒏𝒂 𝒈𝒂 )𝟐 − (𝒎𝒂 𝒘𝒂 )𝟐]
𝟐(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 𝟐(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
= 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) [𝟐(𝒔 − 𝒂) + ] [𝟐𝒔 − ]
𝒂 𝒂
(𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 + (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝟒𝒃𝒄𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)
−𝟒 . =
𝟒 (𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐
𝟒(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟒 𝒂 𝟐 − (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
= 𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂 ) [(𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝟒(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 − − 𝟒𝒃𝒄 + 𝟒𝒃𝒄. ]=
𝒂𝟐 (𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐
𝟒(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 (𝒂 𝟐 − (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 ) 𝒂 𝟐 − (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
= 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) [(𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 − 𝟒𝒃𝒄 − 𝒂𝟐 + + 𝟒𝒃𝒄. ]=
𝒂𝟐 (𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐
𝟒( 𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 (𝒂 𝟐 − ( 𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 ) 𝒂 𝟐 − (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
= 𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂 ) [(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐 + + 𝟒𝒃𝒄. ]=
𝒂𝟐 (𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐
𝟒(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 𝟒𝒃𝒄 𝟒(𝒃 − 𝒄 )𝟐 (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐
= 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)[𝒂𝟐 − (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 ] (−𝟏 + + ) = 𝟒𝑭𝟐(
− )
𝒂𝟐 (𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 𝒂𝟐 (𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐
𝟏 ′′(𝒙) =
− 𝟏)𝒆𝒙 (𝒆𝒙
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝒇(𝒙) = , 𝒙 ≥ 𝟎. 𝑾𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ 𝒇 ≥ 𝟎, ∀𝒙 ≥ 𝟎
𝟏 + 𝒆𝒙 (𝟏 + 𝒆𝒙 )𝟑
→ 𝒇 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒙 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒏 [𝟎, ∞[
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
↔ ∑ 𝒙
+ 𝒙+𝒚+𝒛 ≥ 𝟐 ∑ 𝒙+𝒚 → (𝟏) 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆.
𝟏+𝒆 𝟏+𝒆 𝟑 𝟏+𝒆 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒎𝒂 𝒘𝒂 𝟑 𝟑√𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄𝒘𝒂 𝒘𝒃 𝒘𝒄
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, ∑ +
𝒎𝒂 𝒘𝒂 + 𝒏𝒂 𝒈𝒂 𝟑√𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄𝒘𝒂 𝒘𝒃 𝒘𝒄 + 𝟑√ 𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃 𝒏𝒄 𝒈𝒂 𝒈𝒃 𝒈𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄
√𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 . √𝒘𝒂 𝒘𝒃
≥ 𝟐∑
𝒄𝒚𝒄
√𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 . √𝒘𝒂 𝒘𝒃 + √𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒃 . √𝒈𝒂 𝒈𝒃
𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 ≥ 𝟎 ⇔ (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 ≥ 𝟎
Equality holds for 𝒂 = 𝒃.
𝒕𝟐 + 𝒕 + 𝟏 𝟑
≥ ⇔ 𝟐𝒕𝟐 − 𝒕 − 𝟏 ≥ 𝟎 ⇔ (𝒕 − 𝟏)(𝟐𝒕 + 𝟏) ≥ 𝟎 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 ∀𝒕 ≥ 𝟏
𝒕+𝟏 𝟐
Equality holds if and only if triangle is equilateral.
𝒂𝟔 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝟑. 𝟔𝟐 𝒂𝟔 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟒𝟔. 𝟓 + ∑ 𝟔 ⏞
≤ + ∑ ( + )=
𝒃 + 𝒄𝟔 𝟒 𝟒 𝒃𝟔 𝒄𝟔
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟔 𝑨 𝑹 𝟔
𝟒𝟔, 𝟓 + ∑ ≤ 𝟒𝟖. ( )
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟔 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟔 𝑪 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
2938.
𝑰𝒏 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, 𝒑𝒂 − 𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒊𝒌𝒆𝒓′ 𝒔 𝒄𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒏, 𝒏𝒂 − 𝑵𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒍′ 𝒔 𝒄𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒏. 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶
𝒔𝟐(𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐 )
≤ √𝟑. √∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 +
𝟓𝒓𝟐
𝒔𝟐(𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐 )
→ ∑ 𝒑𝒂 ≤ √𝟑. √∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + (𝟏)
𝟓𝒓𝟐
𝑪𝑩𝑺
(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 . 𝒔
⏞ √𝟑 ∑ 𝒏𝒂 𝟐 ≤ √𝟑 ∑ (𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) +
𝑵𝒐𝒘, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ ∑ 𝒏𝒂 ≤ )
𝒂
𝒂𝟐 − 𝟒(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
= √𝟑𝒔𝟐 + 𝟑𝒔 ∑ =
𝒂
𝒔𝒓𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
= √𝟑𝒔𝟐 + 𝟔𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒔 ∑ = √𝟗𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒔𝒓𝟐 ∑ ( + )
𝒂 (𝒔 − 𝒂 ) 𝒂 𝒔−𝒂
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓
= √𝟗𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒔𝒓𝟐 ( + )=
𝟒𝑹𝒔𝒓 𝒔𝒓
√ 𝟑𝒔𝟐(𝑹𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝒓𝟒 )
𝑺𝒐, 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ ∑ 𝒏𝒂 ≤ √𝟑. √∑ 𝒔𝒂 𝟐 + ,
𝟐𝒓𝟒
𝒊𝒕 𝒔𝒖𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 ∶
𝟏𝟐𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝑹𝟐 𝒓 − 𝟑𝑹𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟑 𝟐(𝑹𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝒓𝟒)
≤ 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟐 +
𝑹 𝒓𝟐
↔ 𝟐𝑹𝟓 − 𝟏𝟐𝑹𝟑 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟖𝑹𝟐 𝒓𝟑 − 𝟐𝑹𝒓𝟒 + 𝟒𝒓𝟓 ≥ 𝟎
↔ (𝑹 − 𝟐𝒓)(𝟐𝑹𝟒 + 𝟒𝑹𝟑 𝒓 − 𝟒𝑹𝟐 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟐𝒓𝟒)
≥ 𝟎 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓′ 𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 (𝑹 ≥ 𝟐𝒓)
√𝟑𝒔𝟐(𝑹𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝒓𝟒)
→ ∑ 𝒏𝒂 ≤ √𝟑. √∑ 𝒔𝒂 𝟐 + (𝟐)
𝟐𝒓𝟒
𝑨𝑮𝑴
= √𝝀 + 𝟐 ∑ √𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 ≥ √𝝀 + 𝟐 ⋅ 𝟑 𝟑√∏ √𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 =
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟔
= 𝟑√𝝀 + 𝟐 ⋅ 𝟑√ 𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 ≥ 𝟑√𝝀 + 𝟐 ⋅ √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄) =
𝟔 𝟔 𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄
= 𝟑√𝝀 + 𝟐 ⋅ √𝒔𝟐𝑭𝟐 = 𝟑√𝝀 + 𝟐 ⋅ √𝒔𝟐𝒔𝟐 𝒓𝟐 ≥
𝟔
= 𝟑√𝝀 + 𝟐 ⋅ √𝟖𝟏 ⋅ 𝟗𝒓𝟔 = 𝟗𝒓√𝝀 + 𝟐
Therefore,
𝟐 𝟏𝟐
∑ √𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 ≥ ∑ √𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒃 ≥ ∑ = 𝟐∑ ≥
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒉 + 𝒉 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒉 + 𝒉
𝒂 𝒃 𝒂 𝒃
𝟗
≥𝟐⋅ = 𝟗𝒓 ⇒ ∑ √𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒃 ≥ 𝟗𝒓; (𝟐)
𝟏
𝟐∑ 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒉𝒂
From (1) and (2), it follows
𝟏 𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒐𝒘𝒔𝒌𝒊
∑ √(𝟐𝒎𝒂 + 𝝀𝒎𝒃 )𝟐 + (𝟒 − 𝝀𝟐 )𝒎𝟐𝒃 ≥
𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
≥ ∑ √(𝝀 + 𝟐)𝟐 (∑ 𝒎𝒂 ) + (𝟒 − 𝝀𝟐 ) (∑ 𝒎𝒂 ) =
𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟏
= ∑ 𝒎𝒂 √(𝝀 + 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟒 − 𝝀𝟐 = ∑ 𝒎𝒂 √𝟒(𝝀 + 𝟐) =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
= √𝝀 + 𝟐 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 ≥ 𝟗𝒓√𝝀 + 𝟐; (𝟏)
𝒄𝒚𝒄
∵ ∑ 𝒎𝒂 ≥ 𝟗𝒓; (𝟐)
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒃𝟐+𝒄𝟐
But ≤ 𝒎𝒂 (Theresin’s inequality), so we have:
𝟒𝑹
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 (∗)
∑ 𝒎𝒂 ≥ ≥ 𝟗𝒓
𝟐𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒉𝒂 𝟐𝒓 𝟏 𝟐𝒓 𝟏
𝐁𝐮𝐭 ≥ (𝑷𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒍) ⇒ ≥ ⋅ ; (𝟐)
𝒎𝒂 𝑹 𝒎𝒂 𝑹 𝒉𝒂
From (1) and (2) we must show:
𝟒𝒓𝟐 𝒃𝒄 𝟖𝒓 𝒃𝒄 𝟐𝑹
⋅ ∑ ≥ ⇔ ∑ ≥ 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞:
𝑹𝟐 𝒉𝟐𝒂 𝑹 𝒉𝟐𝒂 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒃𝒄 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝑹
∑ 𝟐
= 𝟐
⋅ ∑ 𝒂𝟐𝒃𝒄 = 𝟐 𝟐 ⋅ 𝒂𝒃𝒄(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄) = 𝟐 𝟐 ⋅ 𝟒𝑹𝒓𝒔 ⋅ 𝟐𝒔 =
𝒉𝒂 𝟒𝑭 𝟒𝒔 𝒓 𝟒𝒔 𝒓 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒃𝒄 𝒃𝒄 𝟏 𝟏 𝟗
∑ ≥ ∑ = 𝒂𝒃𝒄 ∑ = 𝟒𝑹𝒓𝒔 ∑ ≥ 𝟒𝑹𝒓𝒔 ⋅ =
𝒔𝟐𝒂 𝒎𝟐𝒂 𝒂𝒎𝟐𝒂 𝒂𝒎𝟐𝒂 𝒂 ∑ 𝒂𝒎𝟐𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Therefore,
𝟖𝒓 𝒃𝒄 𝑹𝟑
≤∑ 𝟐 ≤ 𝟑
𝑹 𝒔𝒂 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝒂 𝒃 𝑩𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒍𝒂 𝟏 𝑹 𝟗𝑹𝟐
[∑ ( + )] ≤ (∑ ) =
𝟒 𝒃 𝒂 𝟒 𝒓 𝟒𝒓𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Therefore,
𝟗𝑹𝟐 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 𝟐𝒓
≥ ( + + ) ( + + ) ≥ 𝟏𝟎 −
𝟒𝒓𝟐 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝑹
Solution 2 by George Florin Șerban-Romania
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝟑𝑹
+ + ≤
𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 𝟐𝒓
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 𝟑𝑹 𝟑𝑹 𝟗𝑹𝟐
( + + )( + + ) ≤ ⋅ =
𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟒𝒓𝟐
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝑪𝑩𝑺
( + + )( + + ) = ( + + )( + + ) ≥
𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂𝒃 𝒃𝒄 𝒄𝒂 𝒂𝒃 𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒄
(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 (𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝒂 )𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟒
≥ ⋅ = =
𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 (𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂)𝟐
𝟏𝟔𝒔𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝑩𝒍𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒐𝒏−𝑮 𝟏𝟔
= = 𝟐 ≥ 𝟐 =
(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓)𝟐 𝒓(𝑹 + 𝒓)
(𝟏 + ) 𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)
𝒔𝟐 [𝟏 + ]
𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐
𝑹+𝒓
𝟏𝟔(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐 (𝟏) 𝟐𝒓
= 𝟐
≥ 𝟏𝟎 −
(𝟓𝑹 + 𝟐𝒓) 𝑹
𝑹
Let 𝒙 = ≥ 𝟐; (𝟏) ⇒ 𝟏𝟔𝒙(𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟏) ≥ (𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟒) ⇔
𝒓
(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐(𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐) ≥ 𝟎 true ∀𝒙 ≥ 𝟐.
Therefore,
𝟗𝑹𝟐 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 𝟐𝒓
≥ ( + + ) ( + + ) ≥ 𝟏𝟎 −
𝟒𝒓𝟐 𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝑹
𝑭 𝑭
𝒓= ⇒ = 𝒔; (𝟐)
𝒔 𝒓
From (1) and (2) it follows that:
𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒃𝒓𝒃 𝒄𝒓𝒄 𝑭
+ + ≥
𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓
Solution 3 by Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren-Mongolia
𝑨
𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 = 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐭 ; (𝟏)
𝟐
𝑨
; ( 𝟐)
𝒓𝒂 = 𝒔 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
𝑨 𝑩
∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧 = 𝟏; (𝟑)
𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨
𝒂𝒓𝒂 (𝟏),(𝟐) 𝒂𝒔 ⋅ 𝐭𝐚𝐧
∑ = ∑ 𝟐 = 𝒔 ∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝑨 ≥ 𝒔 ⋅ ∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩
𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝑨 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝑨 𝑩 (𝟑) 𝑭
∑ ≥ 𝒔 ∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧 = 𝒔 =
𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝟐 𝟐 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝑭
∑ ≥
𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂 (𝟏),(𝟐)
∑ 𝒓𝒂 ⋅ ∑ ≥ (𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)√𝟑 ≥ √𝟑𝒔√𝟑 = 𝟑𝒔
𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝐑 𝟐𝐫𝐬
( 𝐀 𝐀)
𝐏𝒂𝐧𝒂𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥 𝟐𝐫
𝟑 𝐦𝒂 𝟑 𝟒𝐑𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝐀𝐠𝒂𝐢𝐧, + ∑ √ ⏞
≤ +∑ 𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟑 +𝟏∑ 𝟏
𝟐 𝐫𝒂 𝟐 𝐀 𝟐 𝟐 𝐀
𝐬𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
√ 𝟐 𝟐
𝐯𝐢𝒂 (⦁)
𝟑 𝟏 √𝐫𝟏𝐫𝟐 + √𝐫𝟐𝐫𝟑 + √𝐫𝟑𝐫𝟏 𝐬
= + ∑ 𝐀𝐈 =⏞ +
𝟐 𝟐𝐫 𝐫 𝟐𝐫
𝒔 𝟐 − 𝒉𝒂 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝒂𝟐
→∑ 𝟐 = 𝟐𝒔 ∑ 𝟐 − 𝟑 ≤ 𝟐𝒔 ∑ (𝟗 + )−𝟑
𝒔 𝟐 + 𝒉𝒂 𝒔 𝟐 + 𝒉𝒂 𝟏𝟔𝒔𝟐 𝟒𝒓𝟐
𝟐𝟕 𝟏 𝟐−𝟑=
𝟑 𝒔𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓
= + ∑ 𝒂 + =
𝟖 𝟑𝟐𝒓𝟐 𝟖 𝟏𝟔𝒓𝟐
𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟓𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓 𝑹𝟐 + 𝟐𝒓𝟐 𝑹𝟐 + 𝑹𝒓 𝑹 𝑹 𝒔 𝟐 − 𝒉𝒂 𝟐
= ⏞
≤ ⏞
≤ = (𝟏 + ) → ∑
𝟏𝟔𝒓𝟐 𝟒𝒓𝟐 𝟒𝒓𝟐 𝟒𝒓 𝒓 𝒔 𝟐 + 𝒉𝒂 𝟐
𝑹 𝑹
≤ (𝟏 + ) (𝟐)
𝟒𝒓 𝒓
𝟑𝒓 𝒔 𝟐 − 𝒉𝒂 𝟐 𝑹 𝑹
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝟏) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟐), 𝒘𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒕 ∶ ≤∑ ≤ (𝟏 + ).
𝑹 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒉𝒂 𝟐 𝟒𝒓 𝒓
(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 )𝟐𝒏+𝟏
≥ (𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂)𝟐
(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 )𝟐𝒏−𝟏
(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 )𝟐 ≥ (𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂)𝟐 true because
𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 ≥ 𝟒√𝟑𝑭
Solution 2 by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
𝒂 𝐛 𝒂𝟐 𝐛𝟐
≥ ⇔ ≥ ⇔ 𝒂𝟐𝐜 𝟐 + 𝒂𝟒 − 𝒂𝟐𝐛𝟐
√𝐛𝟐 + 𝐜 𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 √𝐜 𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 − 𝐛𝟐 𝐛𝟐 + 𝐜 𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝐜 𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 − 𝐛𝟐
𝟑𝟐𝐧−𝟏 𝟏
≥ 𝟐𝐧−𝟐
(∵ 𝟎 < ∏ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀 ≤ 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝒂𝐜𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝒂𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝒂𝐧𝐝 ∵ 𝟐𝐧 − 𝟏 ≥ 𝟏)
𝟑 𝟖
𝟐𝐧−𝟏
𝟏 𝒂 𝟑𝟐𝐧−𝟐
⇒ (∑ ( ) )≥ =𝟏
𝟑 √𝐛𝟐 + 𝐜 𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝟑𝟐𝐧−𝟐
𝟐𝐧−𝟏 𝐈𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐮−𝐖𝐞𝐢𝐭𝐳𝐞𝐧𝐛𝐨𝐜𝐤
𝟏 𝒂
⇒ (∑ ( ) ) (∑ 𝒂𝟐 ) ⏞
≥ 𝟒√𝟑𝐅
𝟑 √𝐛𝟐 + 𝐜 𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐
𝟐𝐧−𝟏 (∗∗)
𝟏 𝒂
∴ (∑ ( ) ) (∑ 𝒂𝟐) ⏞ 𝟒√𝟑𝐅
≥
𝟑 √𝐛𝟐 + 𝐜 𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐
𝐍𝐨𝐰, 𝐯𝐢𝒂 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧, 𝐋𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (∗) ≤ 𝟒𝐑𝟐 − 𝟖𝐑𝐫 = 𝟒𝐑(𝐑 − 𝟐𝐫) 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (∗)
(𝟏𝟔𝐑 − 𝟓𝐫)(𝐑𝟑 − 𝟖𝐫 𝟑)
≥ ∴ 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 (∗), 𝐢𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 ∶
𝐫𝟐
(𝟏𝟔𝐑 − 𝟓𝐫)(𝐑𝟑 − 𝟖𝐫𝟑) ∵ 𝐑−𝟐𝐫 ≥ 𝟎 𝐯𝐢𝒂 𝐄𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫
≥ 𝟒𝐑(𝐑 − 𝟐𝐫) ⏞
⇔ (𝟏𝟔𝐑 − 𝟓𝐫)(𝐑𝟐 + 𝟒𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐑𝐫) > 4𝑅𝐫 𝟐
𝐫𝟐
𝐄𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫
⏞ 𝟒𝐑 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝟐 + 𝟒𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟐𝐑𝐫
→ 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 ∵ 𝟏𝟔𝐑 − 𝟓𝐫 = 𝟒𝐑 + 𝟗𝐑 + 𝟑(𝐑 − 𝟐𝐫) + 𝐫 >
> 𝐫𝟐
(𝐢)
𝟏 𝐩 𝟐(𝐑𝟑 − 𝟖𝐫 𝟑)
∴ (∗) 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 ⇒ ⏞ √𝟑√∑ 𝐦𝟐𝒂 +
∑(𝐧𝒂 + 𝒈𝒂 ) ≤
𝟐 𝟐𝐫 𝟑
𝟐
𝐍𝐨𝐰, (∑ 𝒂𝐛)
𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧
= 𝐬 𝟒 + 𝐫 𝟐(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐 + 𝟐𝐬 𝟐(𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐 ) ⏞
≥ 𝐬 𝟐(𝟏𝟔𝐑𝐫 − 𝟓𝐫𝟐) + 𝐫 𝟐 (𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐
𝐓𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐡𝐭
+ 𝟐𝐬𝟐(𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐) = 𝟐𝟒𝐑𝐫𝐬 𝟐 + 𝐫 𝟐[(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐 − 𝟑𝐬 𝟐] ⏞ 𝟐𝟒𝐑𝐫𝐬𝟐
≥
(⦁⦁)
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝟒𝐑𝐫𝐬𝟐 𝟐 𝟔𝐫𝐬 𝟐
⇒ (∑ 𝒂𝐛) ≥ 𝟐𝟒𝐑𝐫𝐬𝟐 ⇒ (∑ 𝒂𝐛) ≥ ⇒ (∑ 𝐡 𝒂 ) ⏞
≥
𝟒𝐑𝟐 𝟒𝐑𝟐 𝐑
𝐩 𝟑(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐) 𝟐 𝐬 𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐) 𝐬
= √𝟑 ∑ 𝐡𝟐𝒂 + ≥ √(∑ 𝐡𝒂 ) + (∵ ≥ 𝟑√𝟑 > 1)
𝐫𝟑 𝐫𝟐 𝐫
𝐯𝐢𝒂 (⦁⦁) (⦁⦁⦁⦁)
𝟔𝐫𝐬 𝟐 𝐬 𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐) 𝐩 𝟑(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐) 𝟔𝐫𝐬𝟐 𝐬 𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐)
⏞ √
≥ + ⇒ √𝟑 √∑ 𝐡𝟐𝒂 + ⏞ √
≥ +
𝐑 𝐫𝟐 𝟑𝐫 𝟑 𝐑 𝐫𝟐
𝟏
∴ (⦁⦁⦁), (⦁⦁⦁⦁) ⇒ 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 ∶ ∑(𝐧𝒂 + 𝒈𝒂 )
𝟐
𝐩 𝟑(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐)
≤ √𝟑√∑ 𝐡𝟐𝒂 + ,
𝟑𝐫 𝟑
𝟏 𝟔𝐫𝐬𝟐 𝐬 𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐)
𝐢𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 ∶ √𝟐𝟒 ∑ 𝐦𝟐𝒂 − 𝟏𝟐𝐬𝟐 ≤ √ + ⇔ 𝟐𝟒 ∑ 𝐦𝟐𝒂 − 𝟏𝟐𝐬 𝟐
𝟐 𝐑 𝐫𝟐
𝐄𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫 (𝐢𝐢)
𝟏 𝐩 𝟑(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐)
⏞ 𝟐 ⇒ (∗∗) 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 ∴ ∑(𝐧𝒂 + 𝒈𝒂 ) ≤
𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 ∵ 𝐭 ≥ ⏞ √𝟑√∑𝐡𝟐𝒂 + ∴ (𝐢) + (𝐢𝐢)
𝟐 𝟑𝐫 𝟑
⇒ ∑(𝐧𝒂 + 𝒈𝒂 )
𝐩 𝟐(𝐑𝟑 − 𝟖𝐫 𝟑) 𝐩 𝟑(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐)
≤ √𝟑 (√∑ 𝐦𝟐𝒂 + + √∑ 𝐡𝟐𝒂 + ) (𝐐𝐄𝐃)
𝟐𝐫 𝟑 𝟑𝐫 𝟑
𝑯ӧ𝒍𝒅𝒆𝒓
𝟑𝟑
∶ ∑ 𝒉𝒂 𝟐 ⏞
≥ 𝟐 = 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔 ≥ 𝟑√𝟑𝒓 (𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄)
𝟏
(∑ )
𝒉𝒂
𝒔𝟑 (𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐)
𝑺𝒐, 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ ∑ 𝒈𝒂 ≤ √𝟑. √∑ 𝒉𝒂 𝟐 + , 𝒊𝒕 𝒔𝒖𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕
𝟑𝒓𝟑
𝒔𝟑(𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐)
→ ∑ 𝒈𝒂 ≤ √𝟑. √∑ 𝒉𝒂 𝟐 + (𝟏)
𝟑𝒓𝟑
𝒂𝟐 − 𝟒(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
= √𝟑𝒔𝟐 + 𝟑𝒔 ∑ =
𝒂
𝒔𝒓𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
= √𝟑𝒔𝟐 + 𝟔𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒔 ∑ = √𝟗𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒔𝒓𝟐 ∑ ( + )
𝒂 (𝒔 − 𝒂 ) 𝒂 𝒔−𝒂
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓
= √𝟗𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒔𝒓𝟐 ( + )=
𝟒𝑹𝒔𝒓 𝒔𝒓
𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏
(𝟑𝑹 − 𝒓)𝒔𝟐 − 𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐 (𝟑𝑹 − 𝒓)(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐 ) − 𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐
= √𝟑. ⏞
≤ √𝟑.
𝑹 𝑹
𝒔𝟐 (𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝒓𝟑)
𝑺𝒐, 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ ∑ 𝒏𝒂 ≤ √𝟑. √∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + , 𝒊𝒕 𝒔𝒖𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆
𝟐𝒓𝟑
𝒔𝟐(𝑹𝟑 − 𝟖𝒓𝟑)
∑ 𝒏𝒂 ≤ √𝟑. √∑ 𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + (𝟐)
𝟐𝒓𝟑
𝟑 𝟔 𝟒𝒓𝟓 𝑩 𝑪 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓
√ ≤ ∑ √ 𝒓 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤
𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 √𝟐𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑩 𝑪 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝑩 𝑪 𝑩 𝑪 𝑪𝑩𝑺
∑ √𝒓𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤ ∑ 𝒓𝒂 ⋅ ∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = (𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) ∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 (𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐
≤ √( ) 𝟐 ( )
𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 + 𝟑 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 =𝟐 √ ( )
𝟒 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 =𝟐
𝟒𝑹 𝟒𝑹 𝟐𝑹
𝑩 𝑪 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓
⇒ ∑ √𝒓𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤
𝟐 𝟐 √𝟐𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑩 𝑪 𝑨𝑮𝑴 𝟑
𝑩 𝑪
∑ √𝒓𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≥ 𝟑 ⋅ √∏ √𝒓𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐
𝟔
𝑨 𝟔 𝒔 𝟐 𝟔 𝒔𝟒 𝒓 𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄 𝟔 𝟒𝒓𝟓
= 𝟑 √∏ 𝒓𝒂 (∏ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) = 𝟑 √𝒔𝟐𝒓 ( ) = 𝟑 √ ≥ 𝟗√ =
𝟐 𝟒𝑹 𝟏𝟔𝑹𝟐 𝟔𝟒𝑹𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟗 𝟒 𝟒𝒓𝟓 𝟑 𝟔 𝟒𝒓𝟓
= √ > √ 𝟐
𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝟐 𝑹
Therefore,
𝟐
𝟐(𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓) ∑𝒂𝒃(𝒔 − 𝒄) 𝟒(𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓)𝟐 𝒔(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓) − 𝟏𝟐𝑹𝒓𝒔
=( ) −𝟐⋅ = − 𝟐 ⋅ =
𝒓 ∏𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒄) 𝒓𝟐 𝑭𝟐
𝒔
𝟒(𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓)𝟐 𝟐𝒔𝟐(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓) 𝟒(𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓) 𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏
= − = ≤
𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟐
𝟏𝟔𝑹𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝑹𝒓 + 𝟒𝒓𝟐 − 𝟐(𝟏𝟔𝑹𝒓 − 𝟓𝒓𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓) 𝟏𝟔𝑹𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐𝑹𝒓 + 𝟏𝟐𝒓𝟐
≤ =
𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟐
𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐
∑ =∑ 𝒔 − 𝒂 = 𝒓 ∑ (𝒔 − 𝒂 )𝟐 ≤
𝑨 ( 𝒔 − 𝒂 ) ⋅
𝒄𝒚𝒄 ( 𝒔 − 𝒂 ) 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒓
𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒉 𝒃 𝒉𝒄 𝟑 (𝒉 𝒉 𝒉 )𝟐
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
𝐁𝐮𝐭: ∑ 𝟐
≥ 𝟑 ⋅ √ ; (𝟐)
𝒂 (𝒂𝒃𝒄)𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐𝒔𝟐 𝒓𝟐
𝒉𝒂 𝒉 𝒃 𝒉𝒄 = 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒂𝒃𝒄 = 𝟒𝑹𝒓𝒔; (𝟑)
𝑹
From (3) and (4) we must show:
𝟒𝒔𝟒 𝒓𝟒 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟔
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
≥ 𝟔
⇔ 𝒔𝟐𝑹𝟐 ≥ 𝟐𝟕 ⋅ 𝟒𝒓𝟒 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞
𝑹 ⋅ 𝟏𝟔𝒔 𝑹 𝒓 𝑹
𝒔𝟐 ≥ 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟐(𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄) and 𝑹 ≥ 𝟐𝒓 (𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓).
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒔
𝐁𝐮𝐭: + + ≤ ; (𝟔)
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝟑𝑹𝒓
From (5) and (6) we must show
𝒔𝟐 𝟗𝑹 𝟐
𝟐𝟕𝑹𝟐
≤ ⇔𝒔 ≤ (𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄)
𝟑𝑹𝒓 𝟒𝒓 𝟒
Solution 2 by Alex Szoros-Romania
𝒘𝟐𝒃 + 𝒘𝟐𝒄
𝑬=∑
𝒂𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒘𝟐𝒃 ≤ 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒃) 𝟐 𝟐
𝒘𝟐𝒃 + 𝒘𝟐𝒄 𝒔
{ 𝟐 ⇒ 𝒘𝒃 + 𝒘𝒄 ≤ 𝒂𝒔 ⇒ ≤
𝒘𝒄 ≤ 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒄) 𝒂𝟐 𝒂
𝟏 𝒔∑𝒃𝒄
⇒ 𝑬 ≤ 𝒔∑ =
𝒂 𝒂𝒃𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄
It is enough to prove
∑𝒂𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝒓𝟐
𝟐
≥ 𝟐 ⇔ ∑ 𝒂𝟐 ≥ 𝟑𝟔𝒓𝟐 ⇔ 𝟐𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒓𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓 ≥ 𝟑𝟔𝒓𝟐 ⇔
𝟐𝑹 𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟑 𝒔𝟐
=𝟔⋅√ ; (𝒘𝟐𝒂 ≥ 𝒔𝒔𝒂 )
𝟏𝟔𝑹𝟐
𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝟏𝟖𝒓𝟐 𝒔𝟐
𝟔⋅ √ ≥ ⇔ ⋅ 𝑹𝟔 ≥ 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟔 ⇔ 𝒔𝟐 𝑹𝟒 ≥ 𝟐𝟕 ⋅ 𝟏𝟔𝒓𝟔; (∵ 𝒔𝟐 ≥ 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟐 )
𝟏𝟔𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝟏𝟔𝑹𝟐
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆,
𝑨 𝟐 𝟑𝒓 𝟐
∑ (𝑫𝑯′ . 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) ≤ ( ) .
𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟏 (𝟏) 𝟏
∑ 𝒘𝟐𝒂 ( − ) = (𝟐𝒔 ∑ 𝒘𝟐𝒂 − 𝟑 ∑ 𝒂 ⋅ 𝒘𝟐𝒂 ) ≥ 𝟎
𝒓 𝒂 𝒉𝒂 𝟐𝑭
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
(?)
𝟐𝒔 ∑ 𝒘𝟐𝒂 − 𝟑 ∑ 𝒂 ⋅ 𝒘𝟐𝒂 ≥ 𝟎
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒘𝒂 ≤√𝒔(𝒔−𝒂)
(𝟏) ∑ 𝒂 ⋅ 𝒘𝟐𝒂 ≤ 𝒔 ∑ 𝒂(𝒔 − 𝒂) = 𝒔(𝟖𝑹𝒓 + 𝟐𝒓𝟐)
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟒𝒃𝒄 𝒃𝒄
(𝟐) ∑ 𝒘𝟐𝒂 = ∑ 𝟐
⋅ 𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂 ) = ∑ ((𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 − 𝒂 𝟐 )
(𝒃 + 𝒄) (𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂𝟐 𝑨𝑮𝑴 𝒂𝟐
∑ 𝒘𝟐𝒂 = ∑ 𝒃𝒄 (𝟏 − ) ≥ ∑ 𝒃𝒄 (𝟏 − )
(𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 𝟒𝒃𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟒∑𝒂𝒃 − ∑𝒂𝟐
∑ 𝒘𝟐𝒂 𝟐
≥ ∑ 𝒂𝒃 − ∑ 𝒂 =
𝟒 𝟒
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒓 𝟏 𝒓 𝟏
⇒∑ = 𝒓∑ = ∑ (𝒔 − 𝒂) = (𝟑𝒔 − 𝟑𝒔) = 𝟏
𝒓𝒂 𝑭 𝒓𝒔 𝒔
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒔−𝒂 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Need to show:
𝟐𝑹 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 𝟏𝟑𝑹 𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 𝟏𝟑𝑹
−𝟏+ +𝟏 ≤ ⇔ ≤
𝒓 𝟐𝑹𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝑹𝒓 𝟐𝒓
⇒ 𝟗𝑹𝟐 ≥ 𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓
From 𝒔𝟐 ≤ 𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟔𝟐 (𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏) we need to prove:
𝟗𝑹𝟐 ≥ 𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟒𝒓𝟐 ⇒ 𝟓𝑹𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐 ≥ 𝟎
(𝑹 − 𝟐𝒓)(𝟓𝑹 + 𝟐𝒓) ≥ 𝟎 which is true from 𝑹 ≥ 𝟐𝒓(𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓) .
Now, we need to prove:
𝟏 𝟐𝑭 𝒓 𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝑭 𝟏 𝒂
= ∑ + +∑ = ∑ +𝟏+∑ =
𝒓 𝒂 𝒓 𝒉𝒂 𝒓 𝒂 𝟐(𝒔 − 𝒂 )
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐𝒔 𝟏 𝒔 ∑𝒂𝒃 𝟑 𝒔 𝟏
= ∑ 𝒂𝒃 + 𝟏 + ∑ ( − 𝟏) = +𝟏− + ∑ =
𝟒𝑹𝒓𝒔 𝟐 𝒔−𝒂 𝟐𝑹𝒓 𝟐 𝟐 𝒔−𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
∑𝒂𝒃 𝟏 𝒔
= − + ∑(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄) =
𝟐𝑹𝒓 𝟐 𝟐(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟗𝒕 − 𝟒𝟎𝒕𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒕 − 𝟖 ≥ 𝟎 ⇔
𝟒
2958.
𝐈𝐧 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, 𝒑𝒂 − 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐢𝐤𝐞𝐫 ′ 𝐬 𝐜𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐧, 𝒏𝒂 − 𝐍𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐥′ 𝐬 𝐜𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐧. 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 ∶
𝟐 𝟐) 𝟐
𝟕𝑹𝒔𝟑 . √𝑹𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝒓𝟒
∑(𝟐𝒑𝒂 + 𝟑𝒏𝒂 ≤ 𝟒 ∑(𝒎𝒂 𝒉𝒂 ) + ∑ 𝒘𝒂 +
𝟑𝒓𝟒
Proposed by Nguyen Van Canh-Ben Tre-Vietnam
Solution 1 by Mohamed Amine Ben Ajiba-Tanger-Morocco
𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑺 𝒃𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒑𝒊𝒆𝒌𝒆𝒓 𝑷𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 {𝑨′ } = (𝑨𝑺) ∩ (𝑩𝑪).
𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 (𝒃 + 𝒄, 𝒄 + 𝒂, 𝒂 + 𝒃) 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒚𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑺
→ [(𝒄 + 𝒂) + (𝒂 + 𝒃)]⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝑨𝑪
𝑨𝑨′ = (𝒄 + 𝒂)𝑨𝑩 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑺𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈
⏞
↔ (𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐𝑨𝑨′ 𝟐 = (𝒄 + 𝒂)𝟐𝒄𝟐 + (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 𝒃𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒄 + 𝒂)(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝑨𝑩
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝑨𝑪
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
↔ (𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐𝒑𝒂 𝟐 = (𝒄 + 𝒂)𝟐𝒄𝟐 + (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 𝒃𝟐 + (𝒄 + 𝒂)(𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐)
↔ (𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐𝒑𝒂 𝟐 = (𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)[(𝒄 + 𝒂)𝒄𝟐 + (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒃𝟐 ] − (𝒄 + 𝒂)(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒂𝟐
𝟐
(𝒄 + 𝒂)𝒄𝟐 + (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒃𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒄 + 𝒂)𝒂𝟐
→ 𝒑𝒂 = −
𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂 (𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐
(𝒃𝟑 + 𝒄𝟑) + 𝒂(𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐) (𝟐𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃)(𝟐𝒄 + 𝟐𝒂)𝒂𝟐
= − =
𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂 𝟒(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐
(𝒃 + 𝒄)[(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 + 𝒃𝒄] + 𝒂[(𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 + 𝟐𝒃𝒄]
=
𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂
[(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂) + (𝒃 − 𝒄)][(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂) − (𝒃 − 𝒄)]𝒂𝟐
− =
𝟒(𝟐𝒔 + 𝒂)𝟐
𝐂 𝟐𝐁 + 𝐂 𝐁 + 𝛑 − 𝐀
∵ 𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐤𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 ∆ 𝐃𝐄𝐅, ∴ 𝐦(∡𝐀𝐅𝐒) = 𝐁 +
= =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝛑 𝐀−𝐁 𝐁 𝛑 𝐀−𝐂
= − 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐦(∡𝐀𝐄𝐒) = 𝐂 + = − → (𝟐)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐕𝐢𝒂 (𝟏), (𝟐) 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐥𝒂𝐰 𝐨𝐧 ∆ 𝐀𝐅𝐒 𝒂𝐧𝐝 ∆ 𝐀𝐄𝐒, 𝐰𝐞 𝒂𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝒂𝐭 ∶ 𝐀𝐒𝟐
𝐫𝟐 𝐜𝟐 𝟐𝐫 𝐜 𝐀−𝐁
= + −( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐂 𝟒 𝐂 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐
𝐫𝟐 𝐛𝟐 𝟐𝐫 𝐛 𝐀−𝐂
= + −( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐁 𝟒 𝐁 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝐫 𝐜 𝐀−𝐁 𝟐𝐫 𝐛 𝐀−𝐂
𝐀𝐠𝒂𝐢𝐧, ( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 +( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐂 𝟐 𝟐 𝐁 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐
𝐫 𝐂 𝐀−𝐁 𝐁 𝐀−𝐂
= (𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧 + 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀+𝐁 𝐀−𝐁 𝐀+𝐂 𝐀−𝐂
= 𝐑𝐫 (𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 + 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐁 𝐂 𝐀
= 𝐑𝐫 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 + 𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 − 𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 ))
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒂(𝐬 − 𝐛)(𝐬 − 𝐜) − 𝐛(𝐬 − 𝐜)(𝐬 − 𝒂) − 𝐜(𝐬 − 𝒂)(𝐬 − 𝐛)
= 𝟐𝐑𝐫 ( )
𝒂𝐛𝐜
𝐑𝐫
= (𝟐𝒂𝟑 + (𝐛 + 𝐜)𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂(𝐛𝟐 + 𝐜 𝟐) − (𝐛 + 𝐜)(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐)
𝟖𝐑𝐫𝐬
𝐀 𝟐𝐀 𝟐𝐀
𝟒(𝐛 + 𝐜)𝐛𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂. 𝟐𝐛𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀 𝐛𝐜 ((𝟐𝐬 − 𝒂)𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 − 𝒂 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 ))
= 𝟐 =
𝟖𝐬 𝟐𝐬
𝐀
𝐛𝐜 ((𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 − 𝒂)
𝟐
=
𝟐𝐬
(𝟐𝐬 + 𝒂)(𝐬 − 𝐛)(𝐬 − 𝐜)
= − 𝟐𝐑𝐫
𝟐𝐬
𝟐𝐫 𝐜 𝐀−𝐁
⇒ −( ) ( ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐂 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐
⇒ ∑(𝟐𝐩𝟐𝒂 + 𝟑𝐧𝟐𝒂 )
𝐯𝐢𝒂 (𝐦)
𝐬(𝐛 − 𝐜)𝟐
≤ 𝟓 ∑ 𝐧𝟐𝒂 + 𝟏𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐) =
⏞ 𝟓𝐬 ∑(𝐬 − 𝒂) + 𝟓 ∑
𝒂
𝐯𝐢𝒂 (𝐧)
𝟓(𝟐𝐑 − 𝐫)𝐬 𝟐 − 𝟓𝐫(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐
+ 𝟏𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫𝟐) ⏞ 𝟓𝐬 𝟐 +
= + 𝟏𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐)
𝐑
(⦁)
(𝟏𝟓𝐑 − 𝟓𝐫)𝐬𝟐 − 𝟓𝐫(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐
⇒ ∑(𝟐𝐩𝟐𝒂 + 𝟑𝐧𝟐𝒂 ) ⏞
≤ + 𝟏𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫𝟐)
𝐑
𝟕𝐑𝐩𝟑(√𝐑𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝐫 𝟒)
⇒ 𝟒 ∑(𝐦𝒂 𝐡𝒂 ) + ∑ 𝐰𝒂𝟐 +
𝟑𝐫 𝟒
≥ 𝟓 ∑ 𝐡𝟐𝒂 + 𝟏𝟑𝟓(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐)
?
𝟓 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝐫 𝟐 )𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝐑𝐫𝐬 𝟐 ) + 𝟏𝟑𝟓(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐 ) ≥
(𝟏𝟓𝐑 − 𝟓𝐫)𝐬𝟐 − 𝟓𝐫(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐
= ((𝐬 ⏞
𝟒𝐑𝟐 𝐑
+ 𝟏𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫𝟐)
𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧
𝐍𝐨𝐰, 𝐑𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (⦁⦁) ≥ 𝟒𝟗𝟐𝐑𝟒 + 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝐑𝟑𝐫 − 𝟏𝟕𝟐𝟖𝐑𝟐𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟔𝟎𝐑𝐫 𝟑 + 𝟓𝐫 𝟒
?
+ 𝟓𝐬𝟐(𝟏𝟔𝐑𝐫 − 𝟐 ⏞
𝟓𝐫 ) ≥ (𝟔𝟎𝐑𝟐 + 𝟐𝟎𝐑𝐫 − 𝟏𝟎𝐫 𝟐)𝐬 𝟐
?
𝟐
⇔ (𝟔𝟎𝐑 − 𝟔𝟎𝐑𝐫 + 𝟏𝟓𝐫 )𝐬 𝟐 𝟐 ⏞
⏟ 𝟒𝟗𝟐𝐑𝟒 + 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝐑𝟑𝐫 − 𝟏𝟕𝟐𝟖𝐑𝟐𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟔𝟎𝐑𝐫𝟑 + 𝟓𝐫 𝟒 𝒂𝐧𝐝
≤
(⦁⦁⦁)
𝐄𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫
𝟐 𝟐
∵ 𝟔𝟎𝐑 − 𝟔𝟎𝐑𝐫 + 𝟏𝟓𝐫 = 𝟑𝟎𝐑(𝐑 − 𝟐𝐫) + 𝟑𝟎𝐑 + 𝟏𝟓𝐫 𝟐 𝟐 ⏞ 𝟑𝟎𝐑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟓𝐫 𝟐 > 0
≥
?
𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧
∴ 𝐋𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (⦁⦁⦁) ≤ ⏞ 𝟒𝟗𝟐𝐑𝟒 + 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝐑𝟑𝐫
(𝟔𝟎𝐑𝟐 − 𝟔𝟎𝐑𝐫 + 𝟏𝟓𝐫𝟐)(𝟒𝐑𝟐 + 𝟒𝐑𝐫 + 𝟑𝐫 𝟐) ≤
?
− 𝟏𝟕𝟐𝟖𝐑𝟐𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟔𝟎𝐑𝐫 𝟑 + 𝟓𝐫 𝟒 ⇔ 𝟔𝟑𝐭𝟒 + 𝟖𝟎𝐭 𝟑 − 𝟒𝟑𝟐𝐭𝟐 ⏞𝟎
+ 𝟒𝟓𝐭 − 𝟏𝟎 ≥
𝐄𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫
⏞ 𝟐 ⇒ (⦁⦁⦁) ⇒ (⦁⦁) 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞
⇔ (𝐭 − 𝟐)(𝟔𝟑𝐭 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟗𝟔𝐭𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝐭(𝐭 − 𝟐) + 𝟓) ≥ 𝟎 → 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 ∵ 𝐭 ≥
𝟕𝐑𝐩𝟑(√𝐑𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝐫 𝟒)
⇒ 𝟒 ∑(𝐦𝒂 𝐡𝒂 ) + ∑ 𝐰𝒂𝟐 +
𝟑𝐫 𝟒
𝐯𝐢𝒂 (⦁)
(𝟏𝟓𝐑 − 𝟓𝐫)𝐬 𝟐 − 𝟓𝐫(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐
≥ ⏞ ∑(𝟐𝐩𝟐𝒂 + 𝟑𝐧𝟐𝒂 ) (𝐐𝐄𝐃)
+ 𝟏𝟐(𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐) ≥
𝐑
2959. If 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 > 𝟎, 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟑, then in ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ∶
𝑹 −𝟏 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 𝑹
( ) ≤ + + ≤
𝟐𝒓 𝒙𝒂 + 𝒚𝒃 + 𝒛𝒄 𝒚𝒂 + 𝒛𝒃 + 𝒙𝒄 𝒛𝒂 + 𝒙𝒃 + 𝒚𝒄 𝟐𝒓
Proposed by George Apostolopoulos-Messolonghi-Greece
Solution by Mohamed Amine Ben Ajiba-Tanger-Morocco
𝑾𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
+ + =
𝒙𝒂 + 𝒚𝒃 + 𝒛𝒄 𝒚𝒂 + 𝒛𝒃 + 𝒙𝒄 𝒛𝒂 + 𝒙𝒃 + 𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + 𝒂 + ≥
𝒃 𝒄 𝒚. + 𝒛 + 𝒙. 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃
𝒙 + 𝒚. + 𝒛. 𝒃 𝒃 𝒛. + 𝒙. + 𝒚
𝒂 𝒂 𝒄 𝒄
𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 (𝒃 + 𝒄)√(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
∑√ ≥∑
𝒎𝒂 𝒘𝒂 𝒃𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨 (𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
𝐬𝐢𝐧 =√
𝟐 𝒃𝒄
𝟐√𝒃𝒄 𝒃 + 𝒄 √𝒃𝒄
𝒘𝒂 = √ 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 ⇒ = √ 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄
𝒃+𝒄 𝟐 𝒘𝒂
𝒃 + 𝒄 √𝒃𝒄𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄
=
𝟐 𝒘𝒂
𝒎𝒂 𝒘𝒂 ≥ 𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂) = 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 (𝑷𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒍)
𝒃 + 𝒄 √𝒃𝒄𝒎𝒂 𝒘𝒂 𝒃+𝒄 𝒎𝒂
≤ ⇒ ≤√
𝟐 𝒘𝒂 𝟐√𝒃𝒄 𝒘𝒂
√𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 𝒎𝒂 𝒃 + 𝒄 (𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
⋅√ ≥ ⋅√
𝟐𝒎𝒂 𝒘𝒂 𝟐√𝒃𝒄 𝒃𝒄
Hence,
𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 (𝒃 + 𝒄)√(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
√ ≥
𝒎𝒂 𝒘𝒂 𝒃𝒄
Therefore,
𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 (𝒃 + 𝒄)√(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
∑√ ≥∑
𝒎𝒂 𝒘𝒂 𝒃𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
√ 𝒓 𝟏 𝒓 𝟐 + √ 𝒓 𝟐 𝒓 𝟑 + √𝒓 𝟑 𝒓 𝟏 𝒔 𝟑 𝒎𝒂
+ ≥ +∑
𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐 √𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨 √𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄
In acute 𝚫𝑨𝑩𝑪: 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ≤
𝟐 𝟐𝒎𝒂
𝑹 √𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 𝒎𝒂 𝑨𝑰
⇒ ≤ ⇒ ≤
𝑨𝑰 𝟐𝒎𝒂 √𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 𝟐𝒓
𝒎𝒂 𝑨𝑰 + 𝑩𝑰 + 𝑪𝑰
∑ ≤ ; (𝟐)
√𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
√ 𝒓𝟏 𝒓𝟐 + √ 𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟑 + √ 𝒓𝟑 𝒓𝟏 𝒔 𝟑 𝒎𝒂
+ ≥ +∑
𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐 √𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑩 ∈ [𝑩𝑬], 𝑩𝑬 ⊥ 𝑨𝑪 → (𝑩𝑬): 𝒄𝒙 − 𝒂𝒚 + 𝒃𝒄 = 𝟎
𝑪 ∈ [𝑪𝑭], 𝑪𝑭 ⊥ 𝑨𝑩 → (𝑪𝑭): 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒂𝒚 − 𝒃𝒄 = 𝟎
𝒄𝒙 − 𝒂𝒚 + 𝒃𝒄 = 𝟎 𝒃𝒄
𝑯 = 𝑩𝑬 ∩ 𝑨𝑫 ↔ { ↔ 𝑯 (𝟎, )
𝒙=𝟎 𝒂
𝒄(𝒂𝟐−𝒃𝒄)
𝒂𝒙 + 𝒄𝒚 − 𝒂𝒄 = 𝟎 𝒙= 𝟐 𝟐 𝒄(𝒂𝟐−𝒃𝒄) 𝒂𝒄(𝒃+𝒄)
𝑬 = 𝑩𝑬 ∩ 𝑨𝑪 ↔ { ↔{ 𝒂 +𝒄 ↔ 𝑬 ( , 𝟐 𝟐)
𝒄𝒙 − 𝒂𝒚 + 𝒃𝒄 = 𝟎 𝒚=
𝒂𝒄(𝒃+𝒄) 𝒂𝟐+𝒄𝟐 𝒂 +𝒄
𝒂𝟐 +𝒄𝟐
𝒃(𝒃𝒄−𝒂𝟐)
𝒃𝒙 + 𝒂𝒚 − 𝒃𝒄 = 𝟎 𝒙= 𝟐 𝟐 𝒃(𝒃𝒄−𝒂𝟐) 𝒂𝒃(𝒃+𝒄)
𝑭 = 𝑪𝑭 ∩ 𝑨𝑩 ↔ { ↔{ 𝒂 +𝒃
↔ 𝑭 ( , 𝟐 𝟐)
−𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 − 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟎 𝒚=
𝒂𝒃(𝒃+𝒄) 𝒂𝟐+𝒃𝟐 𝒂 +𝒃
𝒂𝟐+𝒃𝟐
𝒃𝒄 𝒂 𝟐 −𝒃𝒄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨𝑷 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑯𝑫 ↔ (𝒙𝑷 , 𝒚𝑷 − 𝒂) = (𝟎, − ) ↔ 𝑷 (𝟎, )
𝒂 𝒂
𝟐 𝟐 (𝒂𝟐 −𝒃𝒄)
𝒄(𝒂 −𝒃𝒄) 𝒄 𝒂𝟐 (𝒄−𝒃)−𝟐𝒃𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐(𝒂𝟐−𝒃𝒄)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑩𝑸 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑯𝑬 ↔ (𝒙𝑸 + 𝒃, 𝒚𝑸 ) = ( 𝟐 𝟐 , ) ↔ 𝑸( ; )
𝒂 +𝒄 𝒂(𝒂𝟐+𝒄𝟐 ) 𝒂𝟐+𝒄𝟐 𝒂(𝒂𝟐+𝒄𝟐 )
𝟐 𝟐 (𝒂𝟐 −𝒃𝒄)
𝒃(𝒃𝒄−𝒂 ) 𝒃 𝒂𝟐(𝒄−𝒃)+𝟐𝒃𝒄𝟐 𝒃𝟐(𝒂𝟐−𝒃𝒄)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑪𝑹 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑯𝑭 ↔ (𝒙𝑹 − 𝒄, 𝒚𝑹 ) = ( 𝟐 𝟐 , )↔ 𝑹( , )
𝒂 +𝒃 𝒂(𝒂𝟐+𝒃𝟐) 𝒂𝟐+𝒃𝟐 𝒂(𝒂𝟐+𝒃𝟐)
|𝟒𝒂𝒃𝒄𝟐(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝒄)|
= ;
𝟐
√(𝒂(𝒃 − 𝒄)(𝒄 + 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝒄)) + (𝒂𝟐 𝒄𝟑 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟑 + 𝟐𝒃𝟑 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐𝒃𝒄𝟒 + 𝟑𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄)𝟐
→ 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝒄 > 𝟎
Thus, we need to prove that:
𝑺∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 𝟏
≤ ;
𝑺∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝟒
𝟒. 𝟐𝒂𝒃𝒄𝟐 (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝒄) 𝒂(𝒃 + 𝒄)
↔ 𝟐 ≤ ;
(𝒂 + 𝒃𝟐 )(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐) 𝟐
↔ 𝟏𝟔𝒃𝒄𝟐(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝒄) ≤ (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)(𝒃 + 𝒄);
↔ (𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )(𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)(𝒃 + 𝒄) ≥ 𝟏𝟔𝒃𝒄𝟐 (𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝒃𝒄); (∴Let 𝒂 = 𝒙√𝟑 > 𝟎, 𝒙 > 𝟎)
By Cauchy-Schwarz’s Inequality and 𝒃 ≥ 𝒄 we have:
(𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )(𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)(𝒃 + 𝒄) ≥ (𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒄)𝟐. 𝟐𝒄
𝐀𝐌−𝐆𝐌
= (𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝒃𝒄 + 𝟐𝒃𝒄)𝟐 . 𝟐𝒄 ⏞
≥ 𝟒(𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝒃𝒄). 𝟐𝒃𝒄. 𝟐𝒄 = 𝟏𝟔𝒃𝒄𝟐(𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝒃𝒄);
𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒓𝟐 + 𝟖𝑹𝒓 𝑹𝟐 + 𝑹𝒓
= (𝒔 ∑ 𝒂 − ∑ 𝒂𝟐 ) − 𝟑 = −𝟑=
𝟒𝑹𝒓𝒔 𝟐𝑹𝒓 𝟒𝒓𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟒𝑭𝟐
𝟐
𝒔 − 𝒉𝟐𝒂 𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
= 𝒂𝟐 = 𝒔 𝒂 − 𝟒𝒔 𝒓 = 𝒂 − 𝟒𝒓
𝒔𝟐 + 𝒉𝟐𝒂 𝟒𝑭𝟐 𝒔𝟐𝒂𝟐 + 𝟒𝒔𝟐𝒓𝟐 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟒𝒓𝟐
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒂
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒉𝟐𝒂 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝟐 ? 𝑹𝟐 + 𝑹𝒓
∑ 𝟐 =∑ 𝟐 ≤
𝒔 + 𝒉𝟐𝒂 𝒂 + 𝟒𝑹𝟐 𝟒𝒓𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑹𝟐 + 𝑹𝒓 𝟏
𝟑− 𝟐
≤ 𝟖𝒓𝟐 ∑ 𝟐
𝟒𝒓 𝒂 + 𝟒𝒓𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 ? 𝟏𝟐𝒓𝟐 − 𝑹𝟐 − 𝑹𝒓
∑ 𝟐 ≥
𝒂 + 𝟒𝒓𝟐 𝟑𝟐𝑹𝟒
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝑨𝑴−𝑯𝑴 𝟗 𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏 𝟗 𝟗 ?
∑ ≥ ≥ = ≥
𝒂𝟐 + 𝟒𝒓𝟐 ∑ 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒓 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟖𝑹 + 𝟒𝒓 + 𝟏𝟐𝒓 𝟐 𝟐
𝟖𝑹 + 𝟏𝟔𝒓 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟗 𝟏𝟐 − 𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐
≥ ⇔ (𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟏(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟔) ≥ 𝟎 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 ∀𝒙 ≥ 𝟐.
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 𝟒
Therefore,
𝒔𝟐 − 𝒉𝟐𝒂 𝑹 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐𝒂
∑ 𝟐 ≤( ) ∑ 𝟐
𝒔 + 𝒉𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒓 𝒔 + 𝒓𝟐𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 𝟏 𝟏 𝒓
∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 =∑ = (𝟑 − ∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨) = [𝟑 − (𝟏 + )] =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝒓 𝒓
= (𝟐 − ) = 𝟏 −
𝟐 𝑹 𝟐𝑹
𝑨 𝑩 𝑨 𝑩
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒
∑ 𝟐 𝟐 =∑ 𝟐 +∑ 𝟐 ≥
𝟐 𝑪 𝟐 𝑪 𝟐𝑪
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟏 + 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟏 + 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏 + 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟐
𝑨 𝟐 𝒓 𝟐
𝟐 (∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 ) 𝟐 (𝟏 − )
𝟐 𝟐𝑹
≥
𝑪
= 𝒓 ; (𝟏)
∑ (𝟏 + 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 ) 𝟑 + 𝟒 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝑹)
𝟐
𝒓 𝟏
Denoting = 𝒕 ∈ (𝟎, ], we will prove that:
𝟐𝑹 𝟒
𝒓 𝟐
𝟐 (𝟏 − ) 𝟑 𝟑 𝒓 𝟐 ( 𝟏 − 𝒕) 𝟐 𝟗 𝟑𝒕
𝟐𝑹 ≥ ( − ) ⇔ ≥ − ⇔
𝒓
𝟑 + 𝟒 (𝟏 − ) 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝑹 𝟕 − 𝟒𝒕 𝟑𝟐 𝟖
𝟐𝑹
𝟑 𝑨 𝟏 𝟑 𝒓 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝒓
= (𝟐 ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 − ) = ((𝟐 − ) − ) = ( − ).
𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝑹 𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨 𝑩
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, ∑ 𝟐 𝟐 ≥ 𝟑 (𝟑 − 𝒓 ).
𝟐𝑪 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟏 + 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐
𝑨 ( 𝟏 + 𝟏 + 𝟏)𝟐 𝟏 𝑪 𝑪
(∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 )( )− ∑ (𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 )
𝟐 𝟏 + 𝟏 + 𝟏 + 𝟒 ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑨 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐
𝑨 𝟗 𝟏 𝑪 𝟏 𝑪
= (∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 ) ( ) − ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟒 − ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 + 𝟒 ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑨 𝟒 𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟐
𝟐
𝟖𝑹𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 − 𝒑𝟐 𝟗 𝟏 𝟖𝑹𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 − 𝒑𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓
=( ) ( ) − ( ) − ( )
𝟖𝑹𝟐 𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓 𝟒 𝟖𝑹𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝑹
𝟑+𝟒( )
𝟐𝑹
𝟖𝑹𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 − 𝒑𝟐 𝟗𝑹 𝟏 𝟖𝑹𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 − 𝒑𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧
=( )( )− ( )− ( ) ≥ ⏞
𝟖𝑹𝟐 𝟕𝑹 − 𝟐𝒓 𝟒 𝟖𝑹𝟐 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝑹
𝟖𝑹𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 − (𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐) 𝟗𝑹 𝟏 𝟖𝑹𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 − (𝟏𝟔𝑹𝒓 − 𝟓𝒓𝟐 )
( ) ( ) − ( )
𝟖𝑹𝟐 𝟕𝑹 − 𝟐𝒓 𝟒 𝟖𝑹𝟐
𝟏 𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓 𝟗(𝟐𝑹𝟐 − 𝟐𝑹𝒓 − 𝒓𝟐) 𝟒𝑹𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓
− ( )= − 𝟐
− ( )
𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝑹 𝟒𝑹(𝟕𝑹 − 𝟐𝒓) 𝟏𝟔𝑹 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝑹
So, we need to prove that:
𝟗(𝟐𝑹𝟐 − 𝟐𝑹𝒓 − 𝒓𝟐) 𝟒𝑹𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐 𝟏 𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓 𝟑 𝟑 𝒓
− 𝟐
− ( )≥ ( − );
𝟒𝑹(𝟕𝑹 − 𝟐𝒓) 𝟏𝟔𝑹 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝑹 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝑹
𝟏 𝒂 𝒃 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝒂 𝑩𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒍𝒂
𝟏 𝑹 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑𝑹
= ∑( + ) − + ∑ ⏞
≤ ∑( ) − + .
𝟒 𝒃 𝒂 𝟐 𝟐 𝒃 𝟒 𝒓 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝒓
𝑹 𝟐 𝟑 𝑹 𝟑 ? 𝑹 𝟒
= 𝟑( ) + . − ≤⏞ 𝟑( )
𝟐𝒓 𝟐 𝟐𝒓 𝟐 𝟐𝒓
130 RMM-TRIANGLE MARATHON 2901-3000
www.ssmrmh.ro
𝟑
𝑹 𝑹 𝑹 𝟐 𝟑
↔ ( − 𝟏) [𝟑 ( ) + 𝟑 ( ) − ]
𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐
𝑹
≥ 𝟎 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓′ 𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 ( ≥ 𝟏)
𝟐𝒓
𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝑹 𝟒 𝑹 𝟒 𝒔 𝟐 𝒔𝟐𝑹𝟒
→ ∑ 𝟐 ≤ 𝟑( ) ⏞
≤ 𝟑( ) .( ) = (𝟑)
𝒃 + 𝒄𝟐 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟑√𝟑𝒓 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝒓𝟔
𝑪𝑩𝑺 & 𝑨𝑴−𝑮𝑴
𝒓𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒂 𝟏 𝟏 𝒓𝒃
∑ =∑ +∑ ⏞
≤ ∑ ( + )+∑
𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝟒 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝟐√ 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝒓𝒃
= (∑ 𝒓𝒂 ) (∑ ) − + ∑ √ ≤
𝟒 𝒓𝒂 𝟒 𝟐 𝒓𝒄
𝑪𝑩𝑺
𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
⏞
≤ − + √(∑ 𝒓𝒃 ) (∑ )
𝟒𝒓 𝟒 𝟐 𝒓𝒄
𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓
𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓 𝟏 𝟒𝑹 𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓 𝟏 𝟒𝑹 𝑹 𝑹 𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓 𝟑𝑹
= + √ +𝟏 ⏞
≤ + √ + .√ = +
𝟐𝒓 𝟐 𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐 𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟒𝒓
𝟕𝑹 𝟏 ? 𝑹 𝟐 𝑹 𝟑𝑹 𝟏
= ⏞
− ≤ 𝟑 ( ) ↔ ( − 𝟏) ( − )
𝟒𝒓 𝟐 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐
𝑹
≥ 𝟎 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓′ 𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 ( ≥ 𝟏)
𝟐𝒓
𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓 & 𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄
𝒓𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 𝑹 𝟐 𝑹 𝟐 𝑹 𝟐 𝒔 𝟐 𝒔𝟐𝑹𝟒
→ ∑ ≤ 𝟑( ) ⏞
≤ 𝟑( ) .( ) .( ) = (𝟒)
𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓 𝟑√𝟑𝒓 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝒓𝟔
𝒎𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒎𝒃 𝟐
∑
𝒓𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒓𝒄 𝟐
𝑨𝑴−𝑮𝑴
(𝟐𝒃𝟐 + 𝟐𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐) + (𝟐𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐) (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐) + 𝟑𝒄𝟐
=∑ ⏞
≤ ∑ =
𝟒(𝒓𝒃 𝟐 + 𝒓𝒄 𝟐 ) 𝟒. 𝟐𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝒄𝟐 𝑳𝒆𝒊𝒃𝒏𝒊𝒛 𝟗𝑹𝟐 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓
= (∑ 𝒂𝟐) (∑ )+ ∑ ≤⏞ . 𝟐
𝟖 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝟖 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝟖 𝒔 𝒓
𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓 & 𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄 𝑹
𝟑 𝒄𝟐 𝟗𝑹𝟐 𝟒𝑹 + 𝟐 𝟑 𝒄𝟐(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
+ ∑ ⏞
≤ . + ∑
𝟖 𝒔 (𝒔 − 𝒂 ) 𝟖 (𝟑√𝟑𝒓)𝟐𝒓 𝟖 𝒔. 𝒔𝒓𝟐
𝟗 𝟔 𝟒𝒓𝟓 𝑩 𝑪 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓
√ ≤ ∑ √ 𝒉 𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤ .
𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 √𝟐𝑹
Proposed by Marin Chirciu-Romania
Solution by Mohamed Amine Ben Ajiba-Tanger-Morocco
𝑩 𝑪
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑨𝑴 − 𝑮𝑴 𝑰𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ ∑ √𝒉𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟐 𝟐
𝟔 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝟐 𝟔 𝟐𝒔𝟐 𝒓𝟐 𝒔 𝟐 𝟔 𝒔 𝟒 𝒓𝟐
≥ 𝟑 √𝒉𝒂 𝒉𝒃 𝒉𝒄. (𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) = 𝟑 √ . ( ) = 𝟑√ 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝑹 𝟒𝑹 𝟖𝑹
𝟐𝟕𝑹𝒓
𝑼𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝟐 ≥ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝟐 ≥ 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟐, 𝒘𝒆 𝒐𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏
𝟐
𝑩 𝑪 𝟔 𝟐𝟕𝟐 . 𝒓𝟓 𝟗 𝟔 𝟒𝒓𝟓
∶ ∑ √𝒉𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≥ 𝟑 √ = √ 𝟐 ( 𝟏)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟔𝑹𝟐 𝟐 𝑹
𝑨𝒍𝒔𝒐, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶
𝒉𝒂 ≤ 𝒎𝒂 & ∑ 𝒙𝒚 ≤ ∑ 𝒙𝟐
𝑩 𝑪 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝑩 𝑪 𝑨
∑ √𝒉𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ⏞ √(∑ 𝒉𝒂 ) (∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 )
≤ ⏞
≤ √(∑ 𝒎𝒂 ) (∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑳𝒆𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒓
𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 𝑩 𝑪 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓
⏞
≤ √(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) ( )= → ∑ √𝒉𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤ (𝟐)
𝟐𝑹 √𝟐𝑹 𝟐 𝟐 √𝟐𝑹
𝟗 𝟔 𝟒𝒓𝟓 𝑩 𝑪 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝟏) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟐), 𝒘𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒕 ∶ √ ≤ ∑ √𝒉𝒂 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤ .
𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 √𝟐𝑹
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓 + 𝒓𝟐
= (𝒓 ∑ − 𝑹 ) = (𝒓 . − 𝑹𝟐) ≥
𝟐 𝟐 𝑨 𝟐 𝒓 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐
𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏
𝟑 𝟑
⏞
≥ [(𝟏𝟔𝑹𝒓 − 𝟓𝒓𝟐) − 𝟖𝑹𝒓 + 𝒓𝟐 − 𝑹𝟐] = (𝟖𝑹𝒓 − 𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐).
𝟐 𝟐
𝑨𝑰𝟒 + 𝑩𝑰𝟒 𝟑
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, ∑ ≥ (𝟖𝑹𝒓 − 𝑹𝟐 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐 ).
𝑪𝑰𝟐 + 𝑹𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧
∵ (𝟑𝐑𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎𝐑𝐫 − 𝟐𝟎𝐫 𝟐 )𝐬 𝟐 ⏞
≥ (𝟑𝐑𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎𝐑𝐫 − 𝟐𝟎𝐫 𝟐 )(𝟏𝟔𝐑𝐫 − 𝟓𝐫 𝟐)
∴ 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐫
𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 (∗∗), 𝐢𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞
∶ (𝟑𝐑𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎𝐑𝐫 − 𝟐𝟎𝐫 𝟐 )(𝟏𝟔𝐑𝐫 − 𝟓𝐫 𝟐) + 𝟗𝐑𝟒 − 𝟗𝟔𝐑𝟑 𝐫 − 𝟓𝟑𝟕𝐑𝟐 𝐫 𝟐
𝐑
+ 𝟒𝟓𝟔𝐑𝐫 𝟑 − 𝟖𝟒𝐫 𝟒 ≥ 𝟎 ⇔ 𝟗𝐭 𝟒 − 𝟒𝟖𝐭 𝟑 + 𝟖𝟖𝐭 𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒𝐭 + 𝟏𝟔 ≥ 𝟎 (𝐭 = )
𝐫
⇔ (𝐭 − 𝟐)𝟐(𝟑𝐭 − 𝟐)𝟐 ≥ 𝟎 → 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞, 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝒂𝒍𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐢𝐟𝐟 𝐭 = 𝟐 ⇒ (∗∗) ⇒ (∗) 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞
𝐀𝐈𝟒 + 𝐁𝐈 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐) ≥ 𝟎 ⇒ ∑
𝐀𝐈 𝟒 + 𝐁𝐈 𝟒
⇒∑ + ( 𝐑 − 𝟖𝐑𝐫 + 𝟒𝐫
𝐂𝐈𝟐 + 𝐑𝟐 𝟐 𝐂𝐈 𝟐 + 𝐑𝟐
𝟑
≥ (𝟖𝐑𝐫 − 𝐑𝟐 − 𝟒𝐫 𝟐) (𝐐𝐄𝐃)
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 √(𝒙𝒚𝒛)𝟐 𝑨𝑮𝑴 𝟑 √𝒔𝟒𝒓𝟐 𝟑√𝒔𝟒𝒓𝟐
= ≥ = =
𝟐 )𝟐 𝟐 𝟐]
𝟑
√𝟐 √∏(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝒛) √𝟐 ⋅ ∑(𝒙 + 𝒚𝒛) [(
√𝟐 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 − 𝟐𝒔 + 𝒔
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑
𝟑√𝒔𝟒𝒓𝟐 (𝟏) 𝟗𝒓𝟐
= ≥
[( )𝟐 𝟐] 𝑹
√𝟐 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 − 𝒔
𝟑
𝟑𝟔𝒔𝟖 𝒓𝟒 ⋅ 𝟐𝟕 𝟗𝟔 𝒓𝟏𝟐 𝟑𝟏𝟐𝒓𝟏𝟐
(𝟏) ⇔ ≥ =
𝟖[(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐 − 𝒔𝟐 ]𝟑 𝑹𝟔 𝑹𝟔
𝟏 𝟗𝒓𝟐
𝒔𝟐 𝒓 ⋅ ∑ ≥ ; (𝟏)
𝒓𝒂 √𝟐(𝒓𝟐𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄) 𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟗
𝐋𝐞𝐦𝐦𝐚: ∑ ≥ ; (𝟐)
𝒓𝒂 √𝟐(𝒓𝟐𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄) 𝟐(𝒓 𝒂 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 )
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐
𝟏 (𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 )𝟑
(∑ ) ≥ ; (𝟒)
𝒓 √𝟐(𝒓𝟐𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄) 𝟐(𝒓𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄)(∑(𝒓𝟐𝒂 𝒓𝟐𝒃 ) + ∑ 𝒓𝟐𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄)
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒂
𝟐(𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒓𝒄𝒓𝒂 )𝟓 ≥ 𝟖𝟏𝒓𝟐𝒂 𝒓𝟐𝒃 𝒓𝟐𝒄 (∑ 𝒓𝟐𝒂 𝒓𝟐𝒃 + ∑ 𝒓𝟐𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄) ; (𝟓)
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Let 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 = 𝒙, 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 = 𝒚, 𝒓𝒄𝒓𝒂 = 𝒛; (𝟔). From (5) and (6) we must show that:
𝟐(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛)𝟓 ≥ 𝟖𝟏𝒙𝒚𝒛(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙) which is true from Cârtoaje’s
theorem for an symmetric polynomial function of degree 𝒏 = 𝟓.
From (1) and (2) we must show:
𝟗 𝟗𝒓𝟐
𝒔𝟐 𝒓 ⋅ ≥ ⇔
𝟐(𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓 𝒂 ) 𝑹
𝒔𝟐 𝒓
≥ ; ( 𝟕)
𝟐(𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 ) 𝑹
𝐁𝐮𝐭 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 = 𝒔𝟐; (𝟖)
From (7) and (8) we get:
𝟏 𝒓
≥ ⇔ 𝑹 ≥ 𝟐𝒓 (𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓)
𝟐 𝑹
Solution 3 by Nguyen Van Canh-Ben Tre-Vietnam
𝟐 𝐇𝐨𝐥𝐝𝐞𝐫
𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝟑
(∑ ) (∑ 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 (𝟐 (𝒓𝟐𝒂 ⏞ (∑ 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄) ;
+ 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄))) ≥
√𝟐(𝒓𝟐𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄)
𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 (∑ 𝒓𝒃𝒓𝒄)𝟑 (∑ 𝒓𝒃𝒓𝒄)𝟑
→ ∑ ≥ =
∑ 𝒓𝒃𝒓𝒄 (𝟐(𝒓𝟐𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃𝒓𝒄)) 𝟐[𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃𝒓𝒄 ∑ 𝒓𝒂 + ∑ 𝒓𝟐𝒃𝒓𝟐𝒄 ]
√𝟐(𝒓𝟐𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃𝒓𝒄 )
( )
(∑ 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄)𝟑 (𝒑𝟐 )𝟑
= =
𝟐[(∑ 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄)𝟐 − 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃𝒓𝒄 ∑ 𝒓𝒂 ] 𝟐[(𝒑𝟐 )𝟐 − 𝒑𝟐 𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)]
(∗) 𝟐
𝒑𝟒 𝟗𝒓𝟐
= ⏞
≥( ) ;
𝟐[𝒑𝟐 − 𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)] 𝑹
(∗) ↔ 𝑹𝟐 𝒑𝟒 ≥ 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟒𝒑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓);
↔ 𝑹𝟐𝒑𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟒 𝒑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) ≥ 𝟎;
↔ (𝑹𝟐𝒑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟒 )𝒑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟓 (𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) ≥ 𝟎;
If 𝑹𝟐𝒑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟒 ≥ 𝟎 then: (𝑹𝟐𝒑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟒)𝒑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) > 0 (∴ (∗) 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞)
If 𝑹𝟐𝒑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟒 < 0 then we using: 𝒑𝟐 ≤ 𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐(𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧′ 𝐬 𝐈𝐧𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲)
(𝑹𝟐 𝒑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟒)𝒑𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟓 (𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)
≥ (𝑹𝟐 𝒑𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟒)(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐) + 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)
𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧
= 𝑹𝟐 𝒑𝟐 (𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐 ) − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟒(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐 ) + 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) ⏞
≥
(∗∗)
𝑹𝟐(𝟏𝟔𝑹𝒓 − 𝟓𝒓𝟐)(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐) − 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟒(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐) + 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒓𝟓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) ⏞ 𝟎;
≥
𝑹
(∗∗) ↔ 𝒕𝟐(𝟏𝟔𝒕 − 𝟓)(𝟒𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕 + 𝟑) − 𝟏𝟔𝟐(𝟒𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕 + 𝟑) + 𝟏𝟔𝟐(𝟒𝒕 + 𝟏) ≥ 𝟎; (∴ 𝒕 = ≥ 𝟐)
𝒓
↔ 𝟔𝟒𝒕𝟓 + 𝟒𝟒𝒕𝟒 + 𝟐𝟖𝒕𝟑 − 𝟔𝟔𝟑𝒕𝟐 − 𝟑𝟐𝟒 ≥ 𝟎;
↔ (𝒕 − 𝟐)(𝟔𝟒𝒕𝟒 + 𝟏𝟕𝟐𝒕𝟑 + 𝟑𝟕𝟐𝒕𝟐 + 𝟖𝟏𝒕 + 𝟏𝟔𝟐) ≥ 𝟎;
Which is true by 𝒕 ≥ 𝟐. Thus, (∗∗) 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 → (∗) 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 . Proved.
Solution 4 by Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren-Darkhan-Mongolia
𝟑 𝟑
(𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 )𝟐 𝟏 (𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 )𝟐 𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒏
𝑭⋅∑ = ∑ 𝟏 ≥
√𝟐𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄(𝒓𝟐𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄) √𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄 (𝒓𝟐𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒓𝟐𝒃 𝒓𝟐𝒄 )𝟐
𝟑
𝟏 (∑ 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄)𝟐 𝟏 𝒔𝟑
≥ ⋅ 𝟏 = ⋅ 𝟏 =
√𝟐 ∑ 𝒓𝟐𝒂 𝒓𝟐𝒃 )𝟐 √𝟐 ((∑ 𝒓 𝒓 )𝟐 − ∏ 𝒓 ⋅ ∑ 𝒓 )𝟐
(∑ 𝒓𝟐𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒂 𝒃 𝒂 𝒂
𝟑𝒔𝑹𝟒
𝟗√𝟑 ≤ 𝛀 ≤
𝟏𝟔𝒓𝟓
Proposed by Nguyen Van Canh-Ben Tre-Vietnam
Solution by Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren-Darkhan-Mongolia
𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓,𝑴𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒄
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 𝟑 𝑨 𝒔(𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝑹𝒓) 𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏
𝛀 = ∑( ) = ∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟑 = ≥
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑩 𝟐 𝒓𝟑
𝟑√𝟑𝒓(𝟏𝟔𝑹𝒓 − 𝟏𝟐𝑹𝒓 − 𝟓𝒓𝟐) 𝟑√𝟑(𝟒𝑹 − 𝟓𝒓)
≥ = ≥ 𝟗√𝟑
𝒓𝟑 𝒓
𝒔(𝒔𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝑹𝒓) 𝒔(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝑹𝒓)
≤ =
𝒓𝟑 𝒓𝟑
𝒔(𝟒𝑹𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐) ? 𝟑𝒔𝑹𝟒
= ≤ ⇔
𝒓𝟑 𝟏𝟔𝒓𝟓
𝑹
𝟑𝑹𝟒 ≥ 𝟏𝟔𝒓𝟐 (𝟒𝑹𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐); 𝒍𝒆𝒕 = 𝒕 ≥ 𝟐, 𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝒓
𝟑𝒕𝟒 − 𝟔𝟒𝒕𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝒕 − 𝟒𝟖 ≥ 𝟎 ⇔ (𝒕 − 𝟐)(𝟑𝒕𝟑 + 𝒓𝒕𝟐 − 𝟓𝟐𝒕 + 𝟐𝟒) ≥ 𝟎 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆.
Prove that:
𝑫𝑨 ⋅ 𝑫𝑩
𝑹≥
𝟐𝑫𝑲
𝟐𝒔𝟐𝒓 ?
= ≥ 𝟓𝟏𝒓𝟐 − 𝟔𝑹𝟐 ⇔
𝑹
? 𝟓𝟏𝑹𝒓𝟐 − 𝟔𝑹𝟑
𝒔𝟐 ≥
𝟐𝒓
𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏
𝒔𝟐 ≥ 𝟏𝟔𝑹𝒓 − 𝟓𝒓𝟐 ≥ 𝟓𝟏𝑹𝒓𝟐 − 𝟔𝑹𝟑 ⇔ 𝟔𝑹𝟑 − 𝟏𝟗𝑹𝒓𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒓𝟑 ≥ 𝟎
𝑹
𝑳𝒆𝒕 = 𝒙 ≥ 𝟐, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟗 − 𝟏𝟎 ≥ 𝟎 ⇔ (𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓) ≥ 𝟎 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 ∀𝒙 ≥ 𝟐.
𝒓
Therefore,
𝒔𝟒𝒂 + 𝒔𝟒𝒃
∑ 𝟐 𝟐 ≥ 𝟓𝟏𝒓𝟐 − 𝟔𝑹𝟐
𝒔𝒂 + 𝒔𝒃
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 (𝟗𝒓)𝟐
= ∑ 𝒔𝒂 ≥ ∑ 𝒉𝒂 ≥ (∑ 𝒉𝒂 ) ≥ = 𝟐𝟕𝒓𝟐; (𝟏)
𝟑 𝟑
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨 𝑩 − 𝑪 𝑨 𝑨
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒇 ∶ 𝒃 + 𝒄 − 𝒂 = 𝟒𝑹𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 − 𝟒𝑹𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑨 𝑩 − 𝑪 𝑩+𝑪 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
= 𝟒𝑹𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒄𝒐𝒔 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ) = 𝟖𝑹𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(𝟏)
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
⇒𝒔 − 𝒂= ⏞ 𝟒𝑹𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝒓 𝟒𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝑩 𝑪 𝒗𝒊𝒂 (𝟏) 𝒔 − 𝒂
𝑨𝒈𝒂𝒊𝒏, 𝑨𝑰 = = = 𝟒𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 =⏞
𝑨 𝑨 𝟐 𝟐 𝑨
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑨 𝒔 − 𝒂
𝑨 (𝟐) 𝒔 − 𝒂 𝑨 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝒃𝒚 (𝟐) 𝟏 − 𝑨𝑰
⇒ 𝒄𝒐𝒔 = ⏞ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒂𝒏 = =⏞ 𝒓
𝟐 𝑨𝑰 𝟒 𝑨
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝑰
𝟐
(𝒊)
𝑨𝑰 − (𝒔 − 𝒂) 𝑨
= ⇒ 𝑨𝑰 = ⏞ 𝒔 − 𝒂 + 𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝒓 𝟒
(𝒊𝒊) (𝒊𝒊𝒊)
𝑩 𝑪
𝑺𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒍𝒚, 𝑩𝑰 =⏞ 𝒔 − 𝒃 + 𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪𝑰 = ⏞ 𝒔 − 𝒄 + 𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟒 𝟒
(∗)
𝑨
⇒ ∑ 𝑨𝑰 = ⏞ 𝒔 + 𝒓 ∑ 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟒
𝑩 𝑪
𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟒 𝟒
𝑩+𝑪 𝟏− 𝑩 𝑪
𝑨 𝑩+𝑪 𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 . 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝑴𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓, 𝒕𝒂𝒏 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝟒𝟓° − )= 𝟒 = 𝟒 𝟒
𝟒 𝟒 𝑩+𝑪 𝑩 𝑪
𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟒 𝟏+ 𝟒 𝟒
𝑩 𝑪
𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 . 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟒 𝟒
𝑩 𝑪 𝑩 𝑪
𝑨 (∗∗) 𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒 . 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒
⇒ 𝒕𝒂𝒏 = ⏞
𝟒 𝑩 𝑪 𝑩 𝑪
𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏 . 𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
(
𝒔 − 𝒓 − 𝑩𝑰 + 𝑪𝑰 − 𝑨𝑰 ) 𝒔 − 𝒂 + 𝒔 − 𝒃 + 𝒔 − 𝒄 − 𝒓 − 𝑩𝑰 − 𝑪𝑰 + 𝑨𝑰
𝑵𝒐𝒘, =
𝒔−𝒂 𝒔−𝒂
𝑨𝑰 𝒓 (𝒔 − 𝒃 − 𝑩𝑰) + (𝒔 − 𝒄 − 𝑪𝑰)
=𝟏+ − +
𝒔−𝒂 𝒔−𝒂 𝒔−𝒂
𝒃𝒄 (𝒔 − 𝒂)
= 𝟑𝒓 + 𝒓 ∑ √
(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏
𝒓 √𝒔
⏞ 𝟑𝒓 +
≤ √∑ 𝒃𝒄 √∑(𝒔 − 𝒂) ⏞
≤ 𝟑𝒓 + √𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝒓𝟐
𝒓√𝒔 √𝒔
? ? ?
= 𝟑𝒓 + √𝟒(𝑹 + 𝒓) 𝟐 ⏞ 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 ⇔ 𝟐𝑹 ≥
= 𝟐𝑹 + 𝟓𝒓 ≤ ⏞ 𝟒𝒓 ⇔ 𝑹 ≥
⏞ 𝟐𝒓
→ 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒗𝒊𝒂 𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓
⇒ 𝒔 + 𝟐(√𝒓𝟏𝒓𝟐 + √𝒓𝟐𝒓𝟑 + √𝒓𝟑𝒓𝟏 ) ≤ 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 (𝑸𝑬𝑫)
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒃 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒃
= 𝟑+∑( + ) + ∑ = ∑ ( + + ) + ∑ =
𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒄 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟏
Because: ∑𝒂𝟐 ≤ 𝟗𝑹𝟐 ; ∑ ≤ . On the other hand:
𝒂𝟐 𝟒𝒓𝟐
𝟐
𝒃 𝟏 𝟗𝑹𝟐 𝒃 𝟑𝑹
(∑ ) ≤ (∑ 𝒂𝟐) (∑ 𝟐) ≤ ⇒ ∑ ≤
𝒄 𝒂 𝟒𝒓𝟐 𝒄 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Hence,
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑨 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑩 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩 ⋅ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 𝟗𝑹𝟐 𝟑𝑹
𝟑+∑ ≤ + ; (𝟏)
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝑪 𝟒𝒓𝟐 𝟐𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏
𝒂𝟏 ⋅ 𝑨𝑴 + 𝒃𝟏 ⋅ 𝑩𝑴 + 𝒄𝟏 ⋅ 𝑪𝑴 ≥ √ ∑ 𝒂𝟐𝟏(𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐) + 𝟖𝑭𝑭𝟏 ; (𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂′ 𝒔)
𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
For 𝒌 = 𝟏, we have:
(𝒂 ⋅ 𝑴𝑨)𝟐 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂
𝟐𝒔 + 𝒕𝟐 ∑ 𝒂 ⋅ 𝑨𝑴𝟐 = 𝟐𝒔 + 𝒕𝟐 ∑ ≥
𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
(∑ 𝒂 ⋅ 𝑴𝑨)𝟐 (∑ 𝒂 ⋅ 𝑴𝑨 )𝟐 𝑨𝑮𝑴
𝟐𝒔 + 𝒕𝟐 ⋅ 𝟐
= 𝟐𝒔 + 𝒕 ⋅ ≥
∑𝒂 𝟐𝒔
𝟏 𝟐 ∑ 𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐 − ∑ 𝒂𝟒
≥ 𝟐𝒕 ⋅ √ ∑ 𝒂𝟐 (𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐) + 𝟖𝑭𝟐 = 𝟐𝒕 ⋅ √ + 𝟖𝑭𝟐 =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏𝟔𝑭𝟐
= 𝟐𝒕 √ + 𝟖𝑭𝟐 = 𝟐𝒕√𝟏𝟔𝑭𝟐 = 𝟖𝒕𝑭
𝟐
(∑ 𝒂 ⋅ 𝑴𝑨)𝟐 (∑ 𝒂 ⋅ 𝑴𝑨 )𝟐 𝑨𝑮𝑴
≥ 𝟐𝒌𝟐 𝒔 + 𝒕𝟐 ⋅ 𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟐𝒌 𝒔 + 𝒕 ⋅ ≥
∑𝒂 𝟐𝒔
𝒕𝟐(∑ 𝒂 ⋅ 𝑴𝑨 )𝟐 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂
≥ 𝟐√𝟐𝒌𝟐 𝒔 ⋅ = 𝟐𝒌𝒕 ⋅ ∑ 𝒂 ⋅ 𝑴𝑨 ≥
𝟐𝒔
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟐 ∑ 𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐 − ∑ 𝒂𝟒
≥ 𝟐𝒌𝒕 ⋅ √ ∑ 𝒂𝟐 (𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐) + 𝟖𝑭𝟐 = 𝟐𝒌𝒕 ⋅ √ + 𝟖𝑭𝟐 =
𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏𝟔𝑭𝟐
= 𝟐𝒌𝒕√ + 𝟖𝑭𝟐 = 𝟐𝒌𝒕 √𝟏𝟔𝑭𝟐 = 𝟖𝒌𝒕𝑭
𝟐
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄
𝑩𝑬. 𝑪𝑭 ≤ 𝑩𝑪. 𝑬𝑭 + 𝑪𝑬. 𝑩𝑭 ↔ 𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 ≤ 𝒂. + . → 𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝒄
≤ (𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔)(𝒊)
𝟒
(𝒊)
𝟐 𝟏 𝒃𝒄 𝟐 𝒂𝒃𝒄
∑ 𝒂𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄𝒉𝒂 ⏞ ∑ 𝒂. (𝟐𝒂 + 𝒃𝒄). ( ) =
≤ 𝟐
(𝟐𝒂𝒃𝒄 ∑ 𝒂 + ∑(𝒃𝒄)𝟐)
𝟒 𝟐𝑹 𝟏𝟔𝑹𝟐
𝑭(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂)𝟐 𝑭(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓)𝟐
= =
𝟒𝑹 𝟒𝑹
𝟏 𝟐
= [𝟔 (∑ 𝒂𝒃) (∑ 𝒂) − 𝟐 (∑ 𝒂𝟑) (∑ 𝒂𝟐) − 𝟑𝟎𝒂𝒃𝒄 ∑ 𝒂𝒃 − 𝟗𝒂𝒃𝒄 ∑ 𝒂𝟐] =
𝟏𝟔
𝟏
= [𝟔(𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓)𝟐. 𝟐𝒔 − 𝟐. 𝟐𝒔(𝒔𝟐 − 𝟑𝒓𝟐 − 𝟔𝑹𝒓). 𝟐(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓)
𝟏𝟔
− 𝟑𝟎. 𝟒𝑹𝒔𝒓. (𝒔𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓) − 𝟗. 𝟒𝑹𝒔𝒓. 𝟐(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓)]
𝒔 𝟒
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒏 ∶ ∑ 𝒂𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄𝒎𝒂 𝟐 ≤ [𝒔 + (𝟏𝟒𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓)𝒔𝟐 − 𝟑(𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝒓𝟐)𝟐 ](𝟐)
𝟒
𝟏 𝑩𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝟗 𝟗
∑ ≥ ≥ ; (𝟐)
𝒃 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝟑𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟒 + 𝒂 + 𝒂 𝟏𝟐 + ∑ ( + ) 𝟏𝟐 + 𝒓
𝒃 𝒂
𝒂 𝒃 𝑹
∵ + ≤ (𝑩𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒍𝒂)
𝒃 𝒂 𝒓
From (1) and (2) we must show:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟖
∑ ≥𝟏− ; (𝟑)
𝟑 𝟑𝒂 + 𝟐𝒔 𝟒𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝑩𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝟗 𝟑
∑ ≥ = ; (𝟒)
𝟑𝒂 + 𝟐𝒔 𝟑(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄) + 𝟔𝒔 𝟒𝒔
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂 𝟏
∑ ≤ ; (𝟑)
𝟒𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝑹
On the other hand, from 𝑹 ≥ 𝟐𝒓 (𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓) we have ≤ ; (𝟒)
𝟐 𝟒𝒓
𝒂 𝟏 𝒂 𝒂 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂
≤ ( + )= + ⋅ ; (𝟑)
𝟑𝒂 + (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄) 𝟒 𝟑𝒂 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄
𝒃 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂
≤ + ⋅ ; (𝟒)
𝟑𝒃 + (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄) 𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄
𝒄 𝟏 𝟏 𝒄
≤ + ⋅ ; (𝟓)
𝟑𝒄 + (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄) 𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄
From (3),(4) and (5), it follows
𝒂 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂+𝒃+𝒄 𝟏 𝑹
∑ ≤ + ⋅ = ≤
𝟒𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 𝟒 𝟒 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 𝟐 𝟒𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝐁 𝐂 𝐁+𝐂 𝐀 𝟐𝐀
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐟 ∶ 𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 = 𝐬 ( 𝟐+ 𝟐) = 𝟐 𝟐= 𝟐 = 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐀
𝐁 𝐂 𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝐬 𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒𝐑
(⦁)
𝐀
∴ 𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 = ⏞ 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
𝟐
𝐀 𝐁 − 𝐂 𝐀 𝐀
𝐍𝐨𝐰, 𝐛 + 𝐜 − 𝒂 = 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐁 − 𝐂 𝐁+𝐂 𝐀 𝐁 𝐂
= 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) = 𝟖𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(𝟏)
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂
⇒𝐬 − 𝒂= ⏞ 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂
𝐫 𝟒𝐑𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝐁 𝐂 𝐯𝐢𝒂 (𝟏) 𝐬 − 𝒂
𝐀𝐠𝒂𝐢𝐧, 𝐀𝐈 = = = 𝟒𝐑𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 =⏞
𝐀 𝐀 𝟐 𝟐 𝐀
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐬 − 𝒂
𝐀 (𝟐) 𝐬 − 𝒂 𝐀 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐛𝐲 (𝟐) 𝟏 − 𝐀𝐈
⇒ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = ⏞ 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝒂𝐧 = =
⏞ 𝐫
𝟐 𝐀𝐈 𝟒 𝐀
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐈
𝟐
(𝐢)
𝐀𝐈 − (𝐬 − 𝒂) 𝐀
= ⇒ 𝐀𝐈 = ⏞ 𝐬 − 𝒂 + 𝐫𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝐫 𝟒
(𝐢𝐢) (𝐢𝐢𝐢) (∗)
𝐁 𝐂 𝐀
𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐥𝒂𝐫𝐥𝐲, 𝐁𝐈 =⏞ 𝐬 − 𝐛 + 𝐫𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐈 = ⏞ 𝐬 − 𝐜 + 𝐫𝐭𝒂𝐧 ⇒ ∑ 𝐀𝐈 = ⏞ 𝐬 + 𝐫 ∑ 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝐁 𝐂
𝐭𝒂𝐧 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟏 − 𝟒 𝟒
𝐁+𝐂 𝐁 𝐂
𝐀 𝐁+𝐂 𝟏 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟏 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 . 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫, 𝐭𝒂𝐧 = 𝐭𝒂𝐧 (𝟒𝟓° − )= 𝟒 = 𝟒 𝟒
𝟒 𝟒 𝐁 + 𝐂 𝐁 𝐂
𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝐭𝒂𝐧 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟒 𝟏+ 𝟒 𝟒
𝐁 𝐂
𝟏 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 . 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟒 𝟒
𝐁 𝐂 𝐁 𝐂
𝐀 (∗∗) 𝟏 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟒 . 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟒 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟒 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟒
⇒ 𝐭𝒂𝐧 = ⏞
𝟒 𝐁 𝐂 𝐁 𝐂
𝟏 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 . 𝐭𝒂𝐧 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝐀
𝐂 𝐀 (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 ) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝐁 )
𝟒 𝟒
𝐫 (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟒) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟒 ) 𝐫
= . 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝟑 = .
𝟐 𝐁 𝟐 𝐂
𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟒 𝟒
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂
𝟖𝐫 𝟑 (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 ) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 ) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 )
⇒ 𝟔𝟒𝐫𝟏𝐫𝟐 𝐫𝟑 = 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 ⇒ 𝟔𝟒𝐫 𝐫 𝐫
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
(𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 ) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 ) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 )
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝐀
= 𝟖𝐫 𝟑 (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 ) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 ) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 ) = ∏ (𝟐𝐫 + 𝟐𝐫𝐭𝒂𝐧 )
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝐜𝐲𝐜
𝐯𝐢𝒂 (𝐢),(𝐢𝐢),(𝐢𝐢𝐢), (⦁⦁)
=
⏞ ∏(𝟐𝐫 + 𝟐𝐀𝐈 − 𝟐(𝐬 − 𝒂)) ⇒ 𝟔𝟒𝐫𝟏 𝐫𝟐 𝐫𝟑 =
⏞ ∏ (𝟐𝐫 + 𝟐𝐀𝐈 + 𝒂 − 𝐛 − 𝐜)
𝐜𝐲𝐜 𝐜𝐲𝐜
𝐯𝐢𝒂 (⦁)
𝟐𝐫 𝐀
⏞ 𝟐𝐫 +
𝟐𝐫 + 𝟐𝐀𝐈 + 𝒂 − 𝐛 − 𝐜 ≤ 𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 + 𝒂 − 𝐛 − 𝐜 ⇔ ≤ 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
𝐀 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝐀
𝟖𝐑𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 )
⇔ 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 ≤ 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐀
𝐀 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐
𝐁−𝐂 𝐁+𝐂 𝐀 𝐀
⇔ (𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ) ≤ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐁−𝐂 𝐀 𝐀 𝐀
⇔ (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ) ≤ 𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐁−𝐂 𝐀
⇔ (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 − (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ) ≤ 𝟎
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐁−𝐂 𝐁−𝐂
⇔ (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ) (𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝟏) ≤ 𝟎 → 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 ∵ 𝟎 < 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ≤𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
≤ ∏(𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 + 𝒂 − 𝐛 − 𝐜) (𝐐𝐄𝐃)
≥ ∑ 𝒃𝒄
𝒂𝟐
⇒ √𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 − 𝟒𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 ≥ 𝟐 ∑ 𝒃𝒄 (𝑸𝑬𝑫)
𝒎𝒂
Solution 2 by Mohamed Amine Ben Ajiba-Tanger-Morocco
We have: √𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 − 𝟒𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 =
𝒎𝒄 𝒎𝒃 𝑨𝑮𝑴 𝒎𝒄 𝟐 𝒎𝒃
= ∑ (𝒃𝟐 ⋅ + 𝒄𝟐 ⋅ ) ≥ ∑ 𝟐√𝒃𝟐 ⋅ ⋅𝒄 ⋅ = 𝟐 ∑ 𝒃𝒄
𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Therefore,
𝒂𝟐
∑ √𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 − 𝟒𝒎𝒃 𝒎𝒄 ≥ 𝟐 ∑ 𝒃𝒄
𝒎𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐
= 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 − =
𝟐 𝟐
𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐜𝐡𝐲−𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 (𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝟒𝒂)𝟐
= ⏞
≥ (𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐬)
𝟐 𝟔. 𝟐
𝒂𝟐 𝟏 𝒂𝟐 (𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝟒𝒂) 𝟏 [𝒂(𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝟒𝒂)]𝟐
⇒∑ √𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 − 𝟒𝒎𝒃𝒎𝒄 ≥ ∑ = ∑
𝒎𝒂 𝟐√𝟑 𝒎𝒂 𝟐√𝟑 𝒎𝒂 (𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝟒𝒂)
𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐜𝐡𝐲−𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳 𝐂𝐚𝐮𝐜𝐡𝐲−𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳
𝟏 [∑ 𝒂(𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝟒𝒂)]𝟐 𝟏 [∑ 𝒂(𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝟒𝒂)]𝟐
⏞
≥ . ⏞
≥ .
𝟐√𝟑 ∑ 𝒎𝒂 (𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝟒𝒂) 𝟐√𝟑 √∑ 𝒎𝟐𝒂 . ∑(𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝟒𝒂)𝟐
(∗)
𝟒(𝟐 ∑ 𝒂𝟐 + ∑ 𝒃𝒄)𝟐 𝟐 √𝟐(𝟐 ∑ 𝒂𝟐 + ∑ 𝒃𝒄)𝟐
= = ⏞ 𝟐 ∑ 𝒃𝒄 ;
≥
𝟑 𝟗√∑ 𝒂𝟐. (∑ 𝒂𝟐 + ∑ 𝒃𝒄)
𝟐√𝟑. √ . ∑ 𝒂𝟐. 𝟏𝟖(∑ 𝒂𝟐 + ∑ 𝒃𝒄)
𝟒
𝟒 𝟐
(∗) ⇔ 𝟐 (𝟐 ∑ 𝒂𝟐 + ∑ 𝒃𝒄) ≥ 𝟖𝟏 (∑ 𝒃𝒄) (∑ 𝒂𝟐) (∑ 𝒂𝟐 + ∑ 𝒃𝒄) ;
∑ 𝒂𝟐
⇔ 𝟐(𝟐𝒖 + 𝟏)𝟒 ≥ 𝟖𝟏𝒖(𝒖 + 𝟏); (∴ 𝒖 = ≥ 𝟏)
∑ 𝒃𝒄
⇔ 𝟑𝟐𝒖𝟒 + 𝟔𝟒𝒖𝟑 − 𝟑𝟑𝒖𝟐 − 𝟔𝟓𝒖 + 𝟐 ≥ 𝟎;
⇔ (𝒖 − 𝟏)(𝒖 + 𝟐)(𝟑𝟐𝒖𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐𝒖 − 𝟏) ≥ 𝟎;
Which is true because 𝒖 ≥ 𝟏. Proved.
√𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨 𝑹 𝟑√𝟑𝑹
√
∑ ≤
𝟐𝒓 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 √𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨
𝟐
Proposed by Kostas Geronikolas-Greece
Solution by Myagmarsuren Yadamsuren-Darkhan-Mongolia
∑𝒂𝟐
∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨 = ; (𝟏)
𝟒𝑭
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝒔𝟐 − 𝟖𝑹𝒓 + 𝒓𝟐
∑ = ; ( 𝟐)
𝑨 𝒓𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐
𝟐
161 RMM-TRIANGLE MARATHON 2901-3000
www.ssmrmh.ro
𝟏 𝒄 𝟏 𝑨
∑ =∑ ⋅ = 𝟒𝑹 ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝑩 𝑪 𝒔 − 𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑪 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 ⋅ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒙
Let 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 , 𝒇′′ (𝒙) < 𝟎, then
𝟐
𝟒𝑹 𝑨 𝟒𝑹 𝟏 𝑨
⋅ ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ≤ ⋅ 𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( ∑ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 )
𝒓 𝟐 𝒓 𝟑 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟔𝑹
∑ ≤ ; (𝟑)
𝑨 𝑩 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ⋅ 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐
√𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝟏
∑ ≤ √∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨 ⋅ ∑ =
𝑨 𝑨
𝒄𝒚𝒄 √𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 (𝟏),(𝟐),(𝟑)
= √∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨 ⋅ √∑ + 𝟐∑ ≤
𝟐 𝑨 𝑨 𝑩
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐
𝟏 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
∑ ≥ = =
𝒂+𝟏 ∑(𝒂 + 𝟏) 𝟐𝒔 + 𝟑 𝟓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
Therefore,
𝟏 𝟏 𝟗 𝟐 𝟖𝟏 𝟑
∑ ≥ ⋅( ) = >
𝒃(𝟏 + 𝒂)𝟐 𝟐 𝟓 𝟓𝟎 𝟒
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐𝟕 𝟏 𝟐𝟕 𝟑 𝟐𝟕 ⋅ 𝟑 ⋅ 𝟐𝟕 𝟑 𝟕𝟐𝟗 𝟑
= ∑ ≥ ⋅ 𝟑 = = ⋅ >
𝟒 (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝟏)𝟑 𝟒 𝟐∑𝒂 + 𝟑 𝟒 ⋅ 𝟕𝟑 𝟒 𝟑𝟒𝟑 𝟒
𝒄𝒚𝒄 ( )
𝟑
2986. In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 the following relationship holds:
𝒓𝒂 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝑹 𝑹
𝟏≤∑ ≤ + ( − 𝟏) √ − 𝟏.
𝒓𝒂 + 𝟐𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝟗 𝒓 𝒓
𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝟏 𝟑 𝒓𝟑𝒂
∑ =∑ ≤∑ = ∑√ =
𝒓𝒂 + 𝟐𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝟑 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝟐𝒃
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟑√𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝟐𝒃 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝒓𝒂 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝟐 𝒓𝒂 𝟏 (𝟏) 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝑹 𝑹
= ∑ √( ) ≤ ⋅ ∑ ( + + 𝟏) = ∑ + ≤ + ( − 𝟏) √ − 𝟏
𝟑 𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝟑 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒃 𝟗 𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝟑 𝟗 𝒓 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝑹 𝑹 𝟐𝑹 − 𝟏 𝑹
(𝟏) ⇔ ∑ ≤( − 𝟏) √ − 𝟏 = √ −𝟏
𝒓𝒃 𝒓 𝒓 𝒓 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐
𝒓𝒂 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) 𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏
(∑ ) ≤ (∑ 𝒓𝟐𝒂 ) (∑ 𝟐 ) = (𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐 − 𝟐𝒔𝟐 ⋅ ≤
𝒓𝒃 𝒓 𝒔 𝟐 𝒓𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒃
𝟏 𝟖𝑹𝒓 + 𝟐𝒓𝟐
≤ [𝟏𝟔𝑹𝟐 + 𝟖𝑹𝒓 + 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟐(𝟏𝟔𝑹𝒓 − 𝟓𝒓𝟐 )] { 𝟐 − }=
𝒓 𝒔 𝟐 𝒓𝟐
𝒓𝒂 𝟏 𝟐𝒓𝒂 𝟏 𝟐 𝒓𝒂 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
→ ∑ ≤ ∑ (𝟏 + )= + ∑ ⏞
≤ + √(∑ 𝒓𝒂 𝟐 ) (∑ 𝟐)
𝒓𝒂 + 𝟐𝒓𝒃 𝟗 𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝟗 𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝟗 𝒓𝒃
𝟏 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 − 𝟐𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)
= + √[(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐 − 𝟐𝒔𝟐] ( ) (𝟏)
𝟑 𝟗 𝒔 𝟐 𝒓𝟐
𝒓𝒂 𝟏 𝟐 𝑹 𝟐𝑹 − 𝒓 𝟐
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝟏), (𝟐) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟑), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ ∑ ≤ + √( − 𝟏) ( )
𝒓𝒂 + 𝟐𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝟗 𝒓 𝒓
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝑹 𝑹
= + ( − 𝟏) √ − 𝟏.
𝟑 𝟗 𝒓 𝒓
𝒓𝒂 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝑹 𝑹
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝟏≤∑ ≤ + ( − 𝟏) √ − 𝟏.
𝒓𝒂 + 𝟐𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝟗 𝒓 𝒓
𝒓𝒂 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝑹 𝑹
𝟏≤∑ ≤ + ( − 𝟏) √ − 𝟏
𝒓𝒂 + 𝟐𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝟗 𝒓 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒙 𝑪𝑩𝑺
∑ ⋅ ∑ 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚) ≥ (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛)𝟐 = ∑ 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚)
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑹 ∏𝒙 + 𝒚
𝒃) = ; (∗∗)
𝒓 𝟒𝒙𝒚𝒛
From (∗), (∗∗) it follows that
∏𝒙 + 𝒚
𝐋𝐞𝐭: = 𝒕; 𝒕 ≥ 𝟖
𝒙𝒚𝒛
𝟒 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏 √𝒕 − 𝟒
𝒕− ≤ + (𝒕 − 𝟐) ⋅ ⇔ (𝒕 − 𝟖)(𝟗𝒕𝟐 − 𝟔𝟒𝒕 + 𝟏𝟏𝟔) ≥ 𝟎
𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟕 𝟑 𝟗 𝟐
2987. In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 the following relationship holds:
𝟐
𝒑𝟐 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓 𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝑹
≤ ( + + )( + + ) ≤ ( − 𝟏) .
𝟑𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓 𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓
Proposed by Marin Chirciu-Romania
Solution by Mohamed Amine Ben Ajiba-Tanger-Morocco
𝑩𝒚 𝑨𝑴 − 𝑮𝑴 𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶
𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝟏 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝟐
( + + ) ( + + ) ≤ [( + + ) + ( + + )]
𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝟒 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄
𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= [(𝒓𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 ) ( + + ) − 𝟑]
𝟒 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ 𝒓𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 = 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 + + = , 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 ∶
𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓
𝟐 𝟐
𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝟏 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 𝟐𝑹
( + + )( + + ) ≤ ( − 𝟑) = ( − 𝟏) (𝟏)
𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝟒 𝒓 𝒓
𝑩𝒚 𝑯ӧ𝒍𝒅𝒆𝒓′ 𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶
𝟑
𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝟑 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝟑 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄
( + + ) ( + + ) (𝟏 + 𝟏 + 𝟏) ≥ ( √ 𝟐 + √ 𝟐 + √ 𝟐 )
𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂
𝟑
𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄
= (𝟑 +𝟑 +𝟑 )
√ (𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 ) 𝟐 √ (𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 )𝟐 √ (𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 )𝟐
𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 (𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 )𝟑
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒏 ∶ ( + + )( + + ) ≥
𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝟑(𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 )𝟐
𝑾𝒆 𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 ∶ 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 + 𝒓𝒄𝒓𝒂 = 𝒑𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 = 𝒑𝟐 𝒓, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 ∶
𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 (𝒑𝟐 )𝟑 𝒑𝟐
( + + )( + + ) ≥ = (𝟐)
𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝟑(𝒑𝟐 𝒓)𝟐 𝟑𝒓𝟐
167 RMM-TRIANGLE MARATHON 2901-3000
www.ssmrmh.ro
𝟐 𝟐
𝒑 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝑹
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝟏) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟐) 𝒘𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒕 ∶ ≤ ( + + )( + + ) ≤ ( − 𝟏) .
𝟑𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒄 𝒓
2988. In 𝚫𝑨𝑩𝑪 the following relationship holds:
𝒂 𝟔𝒓
∑ ≥ ; 𝒌 > 1, 𝑘 ∈ ℕ
𝒌𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 (𝒌 + 𝟐)𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟒𝒔𝟐
≥
(𝒌 + 𝟐)(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)
We must show that:
𝟒𝒔𝟐 𝟔𝒓
≥ ⇔ 𝟐𝒔𝟐𝑹 ≥ 𝟑𝒓(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐); (𝟏)
(𝒌 + 𝟐)(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 ) (𝒌 + 𝟐)𝑹
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓); (𝟐)
From (1) and (2) we must show:
𝒔𝟐 𝑹 ≥ 𝟑𝒓(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓); (𝟑)
𝟐𝟕𝑹𝒓
𝒔𝟐 ≥ (𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒂 − 𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒐𝒊𝒖) ; (𝟒)
𝟐
From (3) and (4) we must show:
𝟗𝑹𝟐 ≤ 𝟐(𝒔𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟒𝑹𝒓); (𝟓)
But 𝒔𝟐 ≤ 𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝑹𝒓 + 𝟑𝒓𝟐(𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏)
From (5) and (6), we must show:
𝟗𝑹𝟐 ≥ 𝟐(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟐𝒓𝟐) ⇔ 𝟗𝑹𝟐 ≥ 𝟖𝑹𝟐 + 𝟒𝒓𝟐 ⇔ 𝑹𝟐 ≥ 𝟒𝒓𝟐 ⇔ 𝑹 ≥ 𝟐𝒓(𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓) .
Equality for 𝒂 = 𝒃 = 𝒄.
Solution 2 by Aggeliki Papaspyropoulou-Greece
𝒂 𝟏 𝟗
∑ =∑ ≥ ; (𝟏)
𝒌𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 𝒃 𝒄 𝒃 𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒌 + + 𝟑𝒌 + ∑ ( + )
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 𝒃
2989.
𝐈𝐧 𝒂𝐧𝐲 ∆ 𝐀𝐁𝐂, 𝐢𝐟 𝐫𝒊, 𝒊 = ̅̅̅̅̅
𝟏, 𝟑 → 𝐌𝒂𝐥𝐟𝒂𝐭𝐭𝐢′ 𝐬 𝐫𝒂𝐝𝐢𝐢, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 ∶
𝐀𝐈 + 𝐁𝐈 + 𝐂𝐈 ≤ 𝟐(𝐫𝟏 + 𝐫𝟐 + 𝐫𝟑 ) + 𝐬 − 𝟑𝐫
Proposed by Bogdan Fuştei-Romania
Solution by Soumava Chakraborty-Kolkata-India
𝐀 𝐁 − 𝐂 𝐀 𝐀
𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐟 ∶ 𝐛 + 𝐜 − 𝒂 = 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐁 − 𝐂 𝐁+𝐂 𝐀 𝐁 𝐂
= 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) = 𝟖𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(𝟏) 𝐀 𝐁 𝐂
⇒ 𝐬 − 𝒂 = 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
⏞ 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂
𝐫 𝟒𝐑𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝐀𝐠𝒂𝐢𝐧, 𝐀𝐈 = = 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 = 𝟒𝐑𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐂 𝐯𝐢𝒂=(𝟏) 𝐬 − 𝒂
𝐀 𝐀 𝟐 𝟐 ⏞ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐀
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐬 − 𝒂
𝐀 (𝟐) 𝐬 − 𝒂 𝐀 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐛𝐲 (𝟐) 𝟏 − 𝐀𝐈 𝐀𝐈 − (𝐬 − 𝒂)
⇒ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝒂𝐧 = = 𝐫 =
𝟐 ⏞ 𝐀𝐈 𝟒 𝐀 ⏞ 𝐫
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐈
𝟐
(𝐢) 𝐀
⇒ 𝐀𝐈 = 𝐬 − 𝒂 + 𝐫𝐭𝒂𝐧
⏞ 𝟒
(𝐢𝐢) 𝐁 (𝐢𝐢𝐢) 𝐂 (∗) 𝐀
𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐥𝒂𝐫𝐥𝐲, 𝐁𝐈 = 𝐬 − 𝐛 + 𝐫𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐈 = 𝐬 − 𝐜 + 𝐫𝐭𝒂𝐧 ⇒ ∑ 𝐀𝐈 = 𝐬 + 𝐫 ∑ 𝐭𝒂𝐧
⏞ 𝟒 ⏞ 𝟒 ⏞ 𝟒
𝐁 𝐂
𝐭𝒂𝐧 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟒 𝟒
𝐁+𝐂 𝟏− 𝐁 𝐂
𝐀 𝐁+𝐂 𝟏 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟏 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 . 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫, 𝐭𝒂𝐧 = 𝐭𝒂𝐧 (𝟒𝟓° − )= 𝟒 = 𝟒 𝟒
𝟒 𝟒 𝐁+𝐂 𝐁 𝐂
𝟏 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝐭𝒂𝐧 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟒 𝟏+ 𝟒 𝟒
𝐁 𝐂
𝟏 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 . 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟒 𝟒
𝐁 𝐂 𝐁 𝐂
𝐀 (∗∗) 𝟏 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟒 . 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟒 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟒 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝟒
⇒ 𝐭𝒂𝐧 =
𝟒 ⏞ 𝟏 − 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝐁 . 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝐂 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝐁 + 𝐭𝒂𝐧 𝐂
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
2990.
𝐈𝐧 𝒂𝐧𝐲 ∆ 𝐀𝐁𝐂,
𝐦𝒂 𝐦𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 𝟐𝟕𝐑𝟐 + 𝟖𝐬𝟐
𝟗 ≤ (∑ √ ) (∑ √ )≤
𝐦𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 𝐦𝒂 𝟑𝟔𝐫 𝟐
𝐦𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 𝐂𝐁𝐒 𝟏 𝐁𝒂𝐠𝐞𝐫 + 𝐡𝒂 ≤ 𝐦𝒂 𝟏
∑ √ ≤ √ ∑ ( 𝐦𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 ) √ ∑ ≤ √𝟐(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫) √∑
𝐦𝒂 ⏞ 𝐦𝒂 ⏞ 𝐡𝒂
𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫 𝟏 𝟏 𝐂𝐁𝐒 𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫 𝟏 𝟏 𝐡𝒂 ≤ 𝐦𝒂 𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫 𝟏
= √ √∑ ( √ . √ )≤ √ √ √∑ √∑ ≤ √ √∑
𝟐 𝐦𝐛 𝐦𝐜 ⏞ 𝟐 𝐦𝒂 𝐦𝒂 ⏞ 𝟐 𝐡𝒂
( )( )
𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫 𝟐(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫) 𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫 ? 𝐬 𝟐 ?
≤ √ . √ = ≤ 𝟐 ⇔ 𝐬 𝟐 ≥ 𝟏𝟐𝐑𝐫 + 𝟑𝐫 𝟐
𝟐𝐫 𝐫 𝐫 ⏞ 𝟑𝐫 ⏞
?
⇔ 𝐬 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝐑𝐫 + 𝟓𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟒𝐫(𝐑 − 𝟐𝐫) ≥ 𝟎 → 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞
⏞
𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧 𝐄𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫
∵ 𝐬 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔𝐑𝐫 + 𝟓𝐫 𝟐 ≥ 𝟎 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝟒𝐫(𝐑 − 𝟐𝐫) ≥ 𝟎
⏞ ⏞
𝐦𝒂 𝐦𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 𝐬 𝟐 ? 𝟐𝟕𝐑𝟐 + 𝟖𝐬 𝟐
∴ (∑ √ ) (∑ √ ) ≤ 𝟐≤
𝐦𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 𝐦𝒂 𝟑𝐫 ⏞ 𝟑𝟔𝐫 𝟐
? ? ?
⇔ 𝟏𝟐𝐬 𝟐 ≤ 𝟐𝟕𝐑𝟐 + 𝟖𝐬 𝟐 ⇔ 𝟒𝐬 𝟐 ≤ 𝟐𝟕𝐑𝟐 ⇔ 𝟐𝐬 ≤ 𝟑 √𝟑𝐑 → 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞 𝐯𝐢𝒂 𝐌𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜
⏞ ⏞ ⏞
𝐦𝒂 𝐦𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 𝟐𝟕𝐑𝟐 + 𝟖𝐬 𝟐
∴ (∑ √ ) (∑ √ )≤ 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐀𝐌 − 𝐇𝐌,
𝐦𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 𝐦𝒂 𝟑𝟔𝐫 𝟐
𝐦𝒂 𝐦 𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 𝐦𝒂 𝐦𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜
(∑ √ ) (∑ √ ) ≥ 𝟗 ∴ 𝟗 ≤ (∑ √ ) (∑ √ )
𝐦𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 𝐦𝒂 𝐦 𝐛 + 𝐦𝐜 𝐦𝒂
𝟐𝟕𝐑𝟐 + 𝟖𝐬 𝟐
≤ (𝐐𝐄𝐃)
𝟑𝟔𝐫 𝟐
2991. In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 the following relationship holds:
𝑨 𝑩 𝑨 𝑩 𝟐𝒓
(∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) (∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 ) ≥
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟐𝒓
𝑹 ≥ 𝟐𝒓 (𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓) ⇒ ≥ ; (𝟐)
𝟑 𝟑𝑹
From (1) and (2), it follows that:
𝑨 𝑩 𝑨 𝑩 𝟐𝒓
(∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) (∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 ) ≥
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝑨 𝑩 𝟑 𝟏 𝑨 𝑩
= ( ∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) = ; (∴ ∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧 = 𝟏)
√𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑√𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝐄𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫
𝟐
𝑨 𝑩 𝑨 𝟐
𝑩 𝟑√𝟑 𝟏 ⏞ 𝟏 𝟐𝒓 𝟐𝒓
⇒ (∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) (∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) ≥ 𝟑 = ≥ . =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 𝑹 𝟑𝑹
𝟑√𝟑
Proved.
𝒓𝟐 𝑨 𝑨 𝑨 𝑨
≥ 𝟐 √∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ⋅ ∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 ⋅ √∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ⋅ ∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 =
𝒔 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒓(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) 𝟑𝒓 𝟐𝒓
≥ = ≥ ⇒ 𝟗𝑹 ≥ 𝟖𝑹 + 𝟐𝒓
(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝟐 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 𝟑𝑹
𝟑
⇔ 𝑹 ≥ 𝟐𝒓 (𝑬𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒓) .
Therefore,
𝑨 𝑩 𝑨 𝑩 𝟐𝒓
(∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) (∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 ) ≥
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑𝑹
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒂 𝒃 + 𝒄 𝑪𝑩𝑺 𝒂 𝒃+𝒄
(∑ √ ) (∑ √ ) ≤ √𝟑 ∑ ⋅𝟑∑ =
𝒃+𝒄 𝒂 𝒃+𝒄 𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟑𝑹𝒓 + 𝟐𝒓𝟐 )(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟐𝑹𝒓 + 𝟒𝒓𝟐 ) ? 𝟐𝟕𝑹𝟐 + 𝟖(𝟏𝟔𝑹𝒓 − 𝟓𝒓𝟐) 𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒏
= 𝟑√ ≤ ≤
(𝟏𝟖𝑹𝒓 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐)𝑹𝒓 𝟑𝟔𝒓𝟐
𝟐𝟕𝑹𝟐 + 𝟖𝒔𝟐
≤
𝟑𝟔𝒓𝟐
(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟑𝑹𝒓 + 𝟐𝒓𝟐)(𝟒𝑹𝟐 + 𝟐𝑹𝒓 + 𝟒𝒓𝟐) (𝟐𝟕𝑹𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟖𝑹𝒓 − 𝟒𝟎𝒓𝟐 )𝟐
𝟗 ≤
(𝟏𝟖𝑹𝒓 − 𝟒𝒓𝟐)𝑹𝒓 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟔𝒓𝟒
𝒂 𝒃 + 𝒄 𝑨𝑮𝑴 𝟑 𝒂 𝟑
𝒃+𝒄
(∑ √ ) (∑ √ ) ≥ 𝟑 √∏ √ ⋅ 𝟑 √∏ √ =𝟗
𝒃+𝒄 𝒂 𝒃+𝒄 𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Therefore,
𝒂 𝒃+𝒄 𝟐𝟕𝑹𝟐 + 𝟖𝒔𝟐
𝟗 ≤ (∑ √ ) (∑ √ )≤
𝒃+𝒄 𝒂 𝟑𝟔𝒓𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Equality holds if and only if 𝚫𝑨𝑩𝑪 is equilateral.
2993. In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 the following relationship holds:
𝒎𝒂 𝒉𝒂 𝟗(𝑹 + 𝟐𝒓)𝟐
∑ ⋅∑ ≤ .
𝒉𝒂 𝒎𝒂 𝟖𝑹𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟐𝒓 𝒎 𝑹 𝒉 𝟐𝒓 𝑹 𝑹 + 𝟐𝒓
√ . 𝒂 + √ . 𝒂 ≤ √ . ( + 𝟏) = (𝑨𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒔)
𝑹 𝒉𝒂 𝟐𝒓 𝒎𝒂 𝑹 𝟐𝒓 √𝟐𝑹𝒓
𝟐𝒓 𝒎𝒂 𝑹 𝒉𝒂 𝑹 + 𝟐𝒓
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒏 ∶ √ .∑ + √ .∑ ≤ 𝟑. (𝟏)
𝑹 𝒉𝒂 𝟐𝒓 𝒎𝒂 √ 𝟐𝑹𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨𝒍𝒔𝒐, 𝒃𝒚 𝑨𝑴 − 𝑮𝑴 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶
𝟐
𝟐𝒓 𝒎𝒂 𝑹 𝒉𝒂 𝒎𝒂 𝒉𝒂
(√ . ∑ + √ .∑ ) ≥ 𝟒∑ .∑ (𝟐)
𝑹 𝒉𝒂 𝟐𝒓 𝒎𝒂 𝒉𝒂 𝒎𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝐧𝒂 𝐧𝐛 + 𝐧𝐜 𝟐𝟕𝐑𝟐 + 𝟖𝐬𝟐
𝟗 ≤ (∑ √ ) (∑ √ )≤
𝐧𝐛 + 𝐧𝐜 𝐧𝒂 𝟑𝟔𝐫 𝟐
𝐀
= 𝒂𝐬 𝟐 + 𝐬(𝟐𝐛𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀 − 𝟐𝐛𝐜) = 𝒂𝐬 𝟐 − 𝟒𝐬𝐛𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐
𝟐
𝟒𝐬𝐛𝐜(𝐬 − 𝐛)(𝐬 − 𝐜)(𝐬 − 𝒂)
= 𝒂𝐬 𝟐 −
𝐛𝐜(𝐬 − 𝒂)
𝐀
𝟒∆𝟐 𝟐∆ ∆ 𝟒𝐫𝐬𝟐𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟐
= 𝒂𝐬 − 𝟐
= 𝒂𝐬 − 𝟐𝒂 ( ) ( 𝟐 𝟐
) = 𝒂𝐬 − 𝟐𝒂𝐡𝒂 𝐫𝒂 ⇒ 𝐧𝒂 = 𝐬 − 𝟐 𝟐 ⇒ 𝐧𝟐
𝐀 𝐀 𝒂
𝐬−𝒂 𝒂 𝐬−𝒂 𝟐
𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐭𝒂𝐧
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐮𝐩
𝐫𝐬 𝐀 𝐫𝐬 𝐬 + (𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
= 𝐬𝟐 − 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝒂𝐧𝒂𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐬 ⇒⏞ ∑ 𝐧𝟐𝒂 = 𝟑𝐬 𝟐 − .
𝐑 𝟐 𝐑 𝐬𝟐
𝐂𝐁𝐒 𝐡𝒂 ≤ 𝐦𝒂
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
⏞ √ (∑ 𝐧𝒂 ) √(√∑ ) (√∑ )
= √ (∑ 𝐧𝒂 ) √∑ (√ . √ ) ≤ ⏞
≤ √ (∑ 𝐧𝒂 ) √∑
𝟐 𝐧𝐛 𝐧𝐜 𝟐 𝐧𝒂 𝐧𝒂 𝟐 𝐡𝒂
(∗∗)
𝐧𝒂 𝟏 𝐧𝒂 𝐧𝐛 + 𝐧𝐜
⇒ ∑√ ⏞ √ (∑ 𝐧𝒂 ) ∴ (∗). (∗∗) ⇒ (∑ √
≤ ) (∑ √ )
𝐧𝐛 + 𝐧𝐜 𝟐𝐫 𝐧𝐛 + 𝐧𝐜 𝐧𝒂
𝐂𝐁𝐒 𝐯𝐢𝒂 (⦁) ?
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑(𝟑𝐑 − 𝐫)𝐬 𝟐 − 𝟑𝐫(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐 𝟐𝟕𝐑𝟐 + 𝟖𝐬 𝟐
≤ ⏞ √ √∑ 𝐧𝟐𝒂 =
(∑ 𝐧𝒂 ) ≤ ⏞ √ ⏞
≤
𝐫 𝐫 𝐑 𝟑𝟔𝐫𝟐
𝐬𝐪𝐮𝒂𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 ?
𝟑(𝟑𝐑 − 𝐫)𝐬𝟐 − 𝟑𝐫(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐 𝟕𝟐𝟗𝐑𝟒 + 𝟔𝟒𝐬 𝟒 + 𝟒𝟑𝟐𝐑𝟐𝐬 𝟐
⏞
⇔ ⏞
≤
𝐑 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟔𝐫 𝟒
?
⇔ 𝟕𝟐𝟗𝐑𝟓 + 𝟔𝟒𝐑𝐬 𝟒 + (𝟒𝟑𝟐𝐑𝟑 − 𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟖(𝟑𝐑 − 𝐫)𝐫 𝟐)𝐬 𝟐 + 𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟖𝐫𝟑(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐 ⏞
≥
⏟𝟎
(𝐢)
𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐬𝐞𝐧
𝐍𝐨𝐰, 𝐋𝐇𝐒 𝐨𝐟 (𝐢) ≥ ⏞ 𝟕𝟐𝟗𝐑𝟓 + (𝟔𝟒𝐑(𝟏𝟔𝐑 − 𝟓𝐫) + 𝟒𝟑𝟐𝐑𝟑 − 𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟖(𝟑𝐑 − 𝐫)𝐫 𝟐)𝐬 𝟐
+ 𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟖𝐫𝟑(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐
= 𝟕𝟐𝟗𝐑 + (𝟒𝟎𝟑𝟐𝐑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒𝐑𝟐𝐫 − 𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟒𝐑𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟖𝐫𝟑)𝐬 𝟐 + 𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟖𝐫 𝟑(𝟒𝐑 + 𝐫)𝟐
𝟓
𝟐𝟕𝐑𝟐 + 𝟖𝐬𝟐 𝐧𝒂 𝐧𝐛 + 𝐧𝐜
≤ 𝟐
𝒂𝐧𝐝 𝐯𝐢𝒂 𝐀𝐌 − 𝐇𝐌 𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐪𝐮𝒂𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲, (∑ √ ) (∑ √ )
𝟑𝟔𝐫 𝐧𝐛 + 𝐧𝐜 𝐧𝒂
≥𝟗
𝐧𝒂 𝐧𝐛 + 𝐧𝐜 𝟐𝟕𝐑𝟐 + 𝟖𝐬 𝟐
∴ 𝟗 ≤ (∑ √ ) (∑ √ )≤ (𝐐𝐄𝐃)
𝐧𝐛 + 𝐧𝐜 𝐧𝒂 𝟑𝟔𝐫 𝟐
𝒙𝟒 + 𝒚 𝟐 𝒛 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙𝟒 − 𝒚𝟒
∑( 𝟐 −𝒚 )≥𝟎⇔ ∑ 𝟐 ≥𝟎
𝒚 + 𝒛𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒛𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Let 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒂; 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒃; 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒄, then
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
∑ ≥𝟎
𝒃+𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝟐 𝒂𝟒 + 𝒃𝟒 + 𝒄𝟒 𝒖𝟒 + 𝒗𝟒 + 𝒘𝟒
= (𝒂 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 )(𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐 ) (𝟏 − 𝟐√ 𝟐 . )≥
𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 )𝟐 (𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐 )𝟐
𝑨𝑴−𝑮𝑴
𝟏 𝟐 𝒂𝟒 + 𝒃𝟒 + 𝒄𝟒 𝒖𝟒 + 𝒗𝟒 + 𝒘𝟒
⏞
≥ (𝒂 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)(𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐 ) [𝟏 − ( 𝟐 + )] =
𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)𝟐 (𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐 )𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 )𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒂𝟒 + 𝒃𝟒 + 𝒄𝟒)
= (𝒂 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)(𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐 ) (
𝟐 𝟐 (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)𝟐
(𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐 )𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒖𝟒 + 𝒗𝟒 + 𝒘𝟒 )
+ )
𝟐 (𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐)𝟐
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 ∶ 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛),
(𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐 )𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒖𝟒 + 𝒗𝟒 + 𝒘𝟒 ) = 𝟒(𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙)
𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∶ (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒂𝟒 + 𝒃𝟒 + 𝒄𝟒 ) = 𝟐(𝒂𝟐𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐𝒂𝟐 ) − (𝒂𝟒 + 𝒃𝟒 + 𝒄𝟒 )
= 𝟏𝟔𝑭𝟐 , 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 ∶
𝒂𝟐𝒙 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐𝒛
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏𝟔𝑭𝟐 𝟒(𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙)
≥ (𝒂 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐). 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛) ( 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
+ )
𝟐 𝟐(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 ) 𝟖 (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛)𝟐
𝟖(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛) 𝟐 (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐)(𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙)
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒂𝟐𝒙 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒛 ≥ .𝑭 + .
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛)
2997. If 𝑴 ∈ 𝑰𝒏𝒕(∆𝑨𝑩𝑪), 𝒓𝟏 , 𝒓𝟐 , 𝒓𝟑 −Malfatti's radies then holds :
𝒈𝒂 (𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 )
∑ . 𝑨𝑴 ≥ 𝟐𝑹 (𝒔 + 𝟐 ∑ √𝒓𝟏 𝒓𝟐 ).
𝒉𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
∶
𝝅−𝑨 𝝅−𝑩 𝝅−𝑪 𝝅−𝑨 𝝅−𝑩
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = ,𝒚 = ,𝒛 = , 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ ∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( ) . 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ( )=𝟏
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨 𝑩
𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧
↔∑ 𝟒 . 𝟒=𝟏
𝑨 𝑩
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝑨 𝑨
↔ ∑ (𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) (𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) = ∏ (𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) ↔ 𝟏 + ∏ 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨 𝑨 𝑩
= ∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 + ∑ 𝐭𝐚𝐧 . 𝐭𝐚𝐧 (𝒊)
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨
𝒓 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝒓𝟏 = [𝒔 − 𝒓 − (𝑩𝑰 + 𝑪𝑰 − 𝑨𝑰)] = 𝟐 . 𝒓 [𝒔 − 𝟏 − (𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑩 + 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑪 − 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑨)]
𝟐(𝒔 − 𝒂 ) 𝟐 𝒓 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑨
𝒓 𝐭𝐚𝐧
= 𝟐 [∑ 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨 − 𝟏 − (𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑩 + 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑪 − 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑨)] =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑨
𝒓 𝐭𝐚𝐧
= 𝟐 [𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨 + 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑨 − 𝟏 − (𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑩 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑩) − (𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑪 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑪)]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑨
𝒓 𝐭𝐚𝐧
= 𝟐 [𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨 + 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑨 − 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑪] =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
𝒓 𝑨 𝑨 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
= [𝟏 + 𝐬𝐞𝐜 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 (𝐭𝐚𝐧 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 )]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
𝑨 𝑨
𝒓 𝟐 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐 𝐭𝐚𝐧
= [ − 𝟒 − 𝟒 (𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑩 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑪)] =
𝟐 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝑨 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝑨 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝑨 𝟒 𝟒
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒔 + 𝟐 ∑ √ 𝒓𝟏 𝒓𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝑩 𝑪 𝑪 𝑨
𝒓 (𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒 ) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒 ) 𝒓 (𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒 ) (𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒 )
= 𝒔 + 𝟐∑√ . . .
𝟐 𝑨 𝟐 𝑩
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟒 𝟒
𝑪
= 𝒔 + 𝒓 ∑ (𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 ) =
𝟒
𝒄𝒚𝒄
= 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 (𝟏)
𝑵𝒐𝒘, 𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝑮𝒆 𝒃𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑮𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑨′ = (𝑨𝑮𝒆) ∩ (𝑩𝑪), 𝑩′ = (𝑩𝑮𝒆 ) ∩ (𝑪𝑨), 𝑪′
= (𝑪𝑮𝒆 ) ∩ (𝑨𝑩)
𝑨𝑮𝒆 𝑨𝑩′ 𝑨𝑪′ 𝒔 − 𝒂 𝒔 − 𝒂
𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑽𝒂𝒏 𝑨𝒖𝒃𝒆𝒍′ 𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒎, 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ = + = +
𝑮𝒆𝑨′ 𝑩′ 𝑪 𝑪′ 𝑩 𝒔 − 𝒄 𝒔 − 𝒃
𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄
= + =
𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂
𝒈𝒂 𝑮𝒆𝑨′ 𝒓𝒂 𝒓𝒂 + 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓 𝒈𝒂 (𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄)
→ =𝟏+ = 𝟏+ = = → 𝑨𝑮𝒆 =
𝑨𝑮𝒆 𝑨𝑮𝒆 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓
𝑳𝒆𝒎𝒎𝒂 ∶ 𝑰𝒇 𝑷, 𝑴 ∈ 𝑰𝒏𝒕 (∆𝑨𝑩𝑪), 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 ∶
𝒂. 𝑨𝑷. 𝑨𝑴 + 𝒃. 𝑩𝑷. 𝑩𝑴 + 𝒄. 𝑪𝑷. 𝑪𝑴 ≥ 𝒂𝒃𝒄 (𝑮. 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒕′ 𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚)
(𝑹𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 ∶ 𝟓𝟖𝟒 𝑮. 𝑩𝒆𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒕 − 𝑴𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑻𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝑰𝒏𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔)
𝟐𝑭 𝒈𝒂 (𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄 )
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝑷 ≡ 𝑮𝒆 , 𝑳𝒆𝒎𝒎𝒂 ↔ ∑ . . 𝑨𝑴 ≥ 𝒂𝒃𝒄 = 𝟒𝑹𝑭
𝒉𝒂 𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒈𝒂 (𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄)
↔ ∑ . 𝑨𝑴 ≥ 𝟐𝑹(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓) (𝟐)
𝒉𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒈𝒂 (𝒓𝒃 + 𝒓𝒄)
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝟏) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝟐), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 ∶ ∑ . 𝑨𝑴
𝒉𝒂
𝒄𝒚𝒄
≥ 𝟐𝑹 (𝒔 + 𝟐 ∑ √𝒓𝟏𝒓𝟐).
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝒙𝟒 + 𝒚 𝟐 𝒛 𝟐 𝟐) ≥ 𝟎 ⇔ ∑
𝒙𝟒 − 𝒚𝟒
∑( − 𝒚 ≥𝟎
𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
Let 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒂; 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒃; 𝒛𝟐 = 𝒄, then
𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
∑ ≥𝟎
𝒃+𝒄
𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 𝑨𝑮𝑴
= ∑ ( 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚 𝟐 ) [ 𝟐 + ] − ∑ 𝒙𝟐 ≥
𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒛𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝟏
≥ ∑(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) ⋅ 𝟐 − ∑ 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟐 ∑ 𝒙𝟐 − ∑ 𝒙𝟐 = ∑ 𝒙𝟐 ≥ ∑ 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟏
𝟐
𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄 𝒄𝒚𝒄
𝐀 𝐀
𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐟 ∶ 𝟑𝟐𝐑𝐫 𝟐 ∏ (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) ≤ ∏(𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 + 𝒂 − 𝐛 − 𝐜)
𝟐 𝟐
𝐜𝐲𝐜 𝐜𝐲𝐜
𝟑𝟐𝐑 𝐀 𝐀
⇔ ∏ (𝐫 + 𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐧 − 𝐫𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) ≤ ∏ (𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 + 𝒂 − 𝐛 − 𝐜)
𝐫 𝟐 𝟐
𝐜𝐲𝐜 𝐜𝐲𝐜
𝟖 𝐀 𝐀
⇔ ∏ (𝐫 + 𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐧 − 𝐫𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) ≤ ∏ (𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 + 𝒂 − 𝐛 − 𝐜)
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝟐 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐲𝐜 𝐜𝐲𝐜
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 (∗)
𝟐𝐫 𝟐𝐫𝐜𝐨𝐬
⇔ ∏( + 𝟐𝐫 − 𝟐) ≤ ⏞ ∏ (𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 + 𝒂 − 𝐛 − 𝐜)
𝐀 𝐀
𝐜𝐲𝐜 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝐜𝐲𝐜
𝐁 𝐂 𝐁+𝐂 𝐀 𝟐𝐀
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝐍𝐨𝐰, 𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 = 𝐬 ( 𝟐+ 𝟐) = 𝟐 𝟐= 𝟐 = 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐀
𝐁 𝐂 𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝐬 𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒𝐑
(⦁)
𝐀
⏞ 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
∴ 𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 =
𝟐
𝐀 𝐁 − 𝐂 𝐀 𝐀
𝐀𝐠𝒂𝐢𝐧, 𝐛 + 𝐜 − 𝒂 = 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐁 − 𝐂 𝐁+𝐂 𝐀 𝐁 𝐂
= 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) = 𝟖𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(⦁⦁)
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂
⇒𝐬 − 𝒂 = ⏞ 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝐯𝐢𝒂 (⦁)
𝟐𝐫 𝟐𝐫 𝐀
𝐀𝒍𝐬𝐨, 𝟐𝐫 + ≤ 𝐫𝐛 + 𝐫𝐜 ⇔ ⏞ 𝟐𝐫 + ≤ 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
𝐀 𝐀 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝐀
𝟖𝐑𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 )
⇔ 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 ≤ 𝟒𝐑𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐀
𝐀 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐
𝐁−𝐂 𝐁+𝐂 𝐀 𝐀
⇔ (𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ) (𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ) ≤ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐
= (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)(𝒖 + 𝒗 + 𝒘) (𝟏 − 𝟐√ . )≥
𝟐 (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 (𝒖 + 𝒗 + 𝒘)𝟐
𝑨𝑴−𝑮𝑴
𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐
⏞
≥ (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)(𝒖 + 𝒗 + 𝒘) [𝟏 − ( + )] =
𝟐 ( 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 ) 𝟐 ( 𝒖 + 𝒗 + 𝒘) 𝟐
𝟏 (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 )
= (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)(𝒖 + 𝒗 + 𝒘) (
𝟐 𝟐(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐
(𝒖 + 𝒗 + 𝒘)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐 )
+ )
𝟐 ( 𝒖 + 𝒗 + 𝒘) 𝟐
𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆 ∶ 𝒖 + 𝒗 + 𝒘 = 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛),
(𝒖 + 𝒗 + 𝒘)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒖𝟐 + 𝒗𝟐 + 𝒘𝟐) = 𝟒(𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙),
𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟐𝒔, 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟐[𝒔𝟐 − (𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝒓], 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 ∶
𝟏 𝟒(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝒓 𝟒(𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙)
𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄𝒛 ≥ . 𝟐𝒔. 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛) ( + )
𝟐 𝟐. 𝟒𝒔𝟐 𝟖 (𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛)𝟐
(𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛)(𝟒𝑹 + 𝒓)𝒓 𝒔(𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙)
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄𝒛 ≥ + .
𝒔 𝒙+𝒚+𝒛