Fire Fighting Course

Prepared by :

Eng. Almoataz Bellah Mahmoud

PRESENTATION CONTENTS
 Overview of Fire Fighting.
1. Definition Of Fire.
2. Fire Triangle.
3. Fire Tetrahedron.
4. Fire Classifications.
5. Fire Fighting Systems classification.

 Water Based Fire Fighting Systems.

1. Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.
2. Manual Fire Fighting Systems.

 Gases Based Fire Fighting Systems.

1. Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.
2. Manual Fire Fighting Systems.

 Water Based Automatic Fire Systems.

Wet Pipe System.
1.
2. Fighting
Dry Pipe System.
3. Preaction Systems
4. Deluge System.

 Water Based Manual Fire Fighting Systems.

1. Standpipes Systems.
2. Fire Department Connections (FDC)
3. Fire Hydrant System.
2
PRESENTATION CONTENTS
 Sprinklers System.
1. Sprinklers Classifications .
2. Hazard Classifications.
3. Sprinkler Distribution.
4. Hydraulic Calculation.
5. Case Study.

 Fire Water Tank & Room.

1.
Pump
Case Study.

 Single Line Diagram.

 Gases Based Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.
1. Carbon Dioxide System.
2. FM200 Systems
3. Case Study.

 Gases Based Manual Fire Fighting Systems.

1. Fire Extinguishers.
2. Case Study.

 Complete Fire Fighting Project.

1
INTRODUC TION
r
 Major goals of fire protection:
 Continuity of operation.
 Property protection.
 Life safety.
INTRODUCTION
The fire protection is achieved via three means:
 Active Fire Protection.
 Passive Fire Protection.
 Educational Fire Protection.

FIRE EXIT
EMERGENCY USE ONLY
Active
r
Fire ProtectionJ

 Fire Detection And Alarm Systems.

 Fire Fighting And Extinguishing Systems.

FIRE &_:.w ALARM

T
Passive Fire Prot ection.
r •

7
Educational
rq I
Fire Protection.
l ·

FIRE EXIT
EMERGENCY USE ONLY

1
INTRODUC TION
r
Codes And Strandards
 NFPA:- National Fire Protection Association:
 NFPA 10: Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.
 NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
 NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and
Hose Systems.
 NFPA 20: Standard for the Installation of Stationary
Pumps for Fire Protection.
 NFPA 11: Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion
Foam Pumps for Fire Protection.
‫قيرحلل يرصملا دوكال‬

~ National Fire Protection Association

LWJ
NFPJ(
The authority on fire, electrical, and building safety
OVERVIEW Orv FIREFIGHTING (J (J

F
Fire Triangle parameters :-
1. Air ( Oxygen ) Without sufficient oxygen (Not Less than
16%), a fire cannot Begin.
2. ( Flammable Material ) Without fuel, a fire will stop.
Fuel ( sufficient heat to raise
3. the material to its ignition
Heat temperature )
Fire Tetrahedron :-
 In addition to the fire triangle.
 It adds the requirement for the presence of the
chemical reaction which is the process of fire.
OVERV O FIREFIGH

•  Extinction of the Fire methods

:-
•  Suppression of the Combustible: by closing of
the valve fueling the combustion, creating sufficient distance
between fire and
• f lame, exhausting hot smoke (containing unburned elements)
….

•  Suppression of the Oxidizer (also known as

choking): by the use of carbon dioxide fire-extinguisher,
a blanket, or spraying sufficient water on a solid
combustible (water vapor removes fresh air)….
OVERV O FIREFIGH
•  Suppression of the Activation energy (cooling
down): by spraying water in mix of air + combustible
particles 12
to absorb the heat, exhausting to remove hot
smoke….
OVERV O FIREFIGHf'\\ \\~('

 Fire Classif ications :-

 Class A fire: Ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper,
carton, textile, and PVC.
 Class B fire: Flammable liquid or gaseous fuels such
benzene, gasoline, oil, butane, propane, and natural
gas.
 Class C fire: Involving energized electrical equipment,
often caused by short circuits or overheated electrical cables.
 Class D fire: Combustible metals, such as iron,
aluminum, sodium, and magnesium.
 Class K fire: Containing a fat element, such as cooking oil.
1
 FIRES CLASSES
I-n.l.~? rrw??
C Electrical Equipment

t:'?
A Trash Wood Paper
Wood Energized
Cloth Electrical
Equipmen
Paper t

Rubber
D COMBUSTIBLE
Many Plastics

\
B Liquids Grease
Magnesium
Gasolin Sodium
Potassium

D
e Oil
Grease Titanium
Tar Zirconium
Oil-based Paint Other Flammable
Lacquer Metals
Flammable
Gases

K
K Cooking Media

Fires Involving Combustible Vegetable

Or Animal Non-saturated Cooking Fats In
Commercial Cooking Equipment.
OVERV O FIREFIGH
f\\ \V~,,~ \

Fire Fighting Systems

Classif ication

Water Fight
Based ing
Fire Syste
OVERV
ms
OGa FIREFIGH
ighting Systems

s
e
s

B
a
s
e
d

F
i
r
e
F
 \V~ \ ,,~

Water Based Fire

Fighting Systems

Manual Automatic

Standpipe Siamese(FDC) Fire Sprinklers

SYS. connection SYS.
hydrant
 f\\ \V~ \ ,,~

Gases Based Fire

Fighting Systems

Manual Automatic

Manual Fire FM200 CO2

extinguisher System System
 \V~ \ ,,~

Water Based Fire

Fighting Systems

Manual Automatic

Standpipe Siamese(FDC) Fire Sprinklers

SYS. connection SYS.
hydrant
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM -WATER BASED FIRE
FIGHTING SYSTEMS

Single Line Diagram .dwg

Second
Water
First Water
source
source Cabinet

Pump Ii
Tank.
Room

Snrinklers
I 1
 Si
ame
se
con
nect
ion

2
OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
f\\ \V~,,~ \

Water Based
Fire
Fighting Systems

Automatic
System

Sprinklers
SYS.

1
WATER BASED FIRvE FIGHTING
SYSTEMS

5PR\NKLERS
Sprinklers

Systems
 21
"1 get a reaJ deal on fire insurance."
 WATER
\ ,\V
BASED
\V~
FIRE
~ ~
FIGHTING
t-
SYSTEMS C)t- C) C) \C)

~ There (lire4 main ty_Jlesof systems

;-

 Wet Pipe Sprinkler System

 Dr y Pipe Sprinkler System
 Pre-Action Pipe Sprinkler System
 Deluge Pipe Sprinkler System

1
WA,TtE:vR BASED FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEMS
WET PIPES SYSTEM
~3.4.11 Wet Pipe Sprinl(ler System: A sprinkler
system employing automatic sprinkler-s attached
to a piping system containing water and
connected to a water supply so that water
discharges immediately form spri.nklejrs opened
by heat from. a fire.

1
 Wet System
Cross Branch Pipe
Main --~..o. Lines Hangers

Riser

Water Flow
Alarm • ~"'-JI

F n
ir
e
D
e
p
t.
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
 Upply
24
M
A a
T i
n

D
r
a
i
n

V
a
l
v
e

W
a
t
e
r

S
WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS

 ALARM CHECK VALVE

26
 WATERFLOW
PRESSURE
ALARM SWITCH
0 £ •

ONCE RETARD
CHAMBER OVERFLOWS]
WATERFLOW PRESSURE
ALARM SWITCH AND
WATER M'OTOR
ALARM: ACTUATE o
UPON SPRINKLER
WATERFLOW FLOW, WATERWAY
TO WATER CLAPPER OPENS
MOTOR ALARM WATERFLOW
TO SYSTEM
7/3211 (5,6
mm) SYSTEM
ORIFICE PRESSURE
INLET GAUGE
RESTRJCTION
ASSEMBLY

1/8"
(3r2 mm) ---
ORIRCE SUPPLY
OUlLET

•
PRESSURE
GAUGE

WHEN FLO W

THROUGH
RESTRICTION ASSEMBLY
INLET EXCEEDS OUTLET,
I
MAIN
RETARD CHAMBER DRAIN
ALARM PORT 27
BEGINS TO FILL
 •
V ALVE WATERFLOW
THROUGH SEAT
RING GROOVE AND

ALARM PORT 27
 WATERFLOW
PRESSURE
...1.
O.
1 ONCE RETARD
When the f ire \ AMBER OVERFLOWS]
:TERFLOW PRESSURE
protection system
o
~LARM SWITCH AND

is
initially being \
Rf e. ~VI'l"'\\JIOJ

pressurized, water A
Onc
will f low e WATERFLO
W TO
into the system C IN
the SYSTEM
until h pressu
the water supply e res
and c have
Rf
t
system pressure k sta
become equalized, bili
and the torsion V zed
Spring closes the a
Clapper in the l
Alarm v
ALARM PORT 27
 OPENS GAUGE

•
u ON
SPRIN
KLEH
WATE RFLOW FLOW,
WATE
HWAY SUPPLY
CLAP PRESSURE
SYSTEM
PER GAUGE
PRESSURE
THROUGH SEAT
RING GROOVE AND

ALARM PORT 27
 WATERFLOW
PRESSURE
RMSWITCH
O.
ONCE RETARD FIRE,FIRE
CHAMBER OVERFLOWS]
ALARM WATERFLOW PRESSURE
ALARM SWITCH AND
WATER M'OTOR
ALARM: ACTUATE o
UPON SPRINKLER
WATERFLOW FLOW, WATERWAY
TO WATER CLAPPER OPENS
MOTOR ALARM WATERFLOW
TO SYSTEM
7/3211 (5,6
mm) SYSTEM
ORIFICE PRESSURE
INLET GAUGE
RESTRJCTION
ASSEMBLY

1/8"
(3r2 mm)
ORIRCE SUPPLY
OUlLET

•
PRESSURE
GAUGE

WHEN FLO W

THROUGH
RESTRICTION ASSEMBLY
INLET EXCEEDS OUTLET,
RETARD CHAMBER 29
ALARM PORT
BEGINS TO FILL WATERFLOW
THROUGH SEAT
RING GROOVE AND

ALARM PORT 29
 Water 2 ain
...m.
draJn valve

Main water clapper

Water pressure gauges 2 ain
...m.
drain
Alarm control
valve

To retarding
chamber.
oressure switch.
and water motor

Auxiliary alarm clapper

Main water-control valve ....t..-.-.- Water supply pipe

Note: Valve Nos. 1 & 2 normally open Close No.1 to shut off water.
Close No.2 to silence alarm. 30
WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS

 CHECK VALVE SYMBOL

 CHECK VALVE

 CHECK VALVE BLOCK

31
Water Motor Alarm Gong,

Pressure Switch

II Water Supply

F211 Retard
D Atmospheric Air
Chamber

F200 Alarm
Valve

Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
Restriction
Assembly\

(2) System Normal

1
 SPrink Ier He ads ---------::=--
Water Motor Alarm Gong, Operate

Pressure Switch

II Water Supply

F211 Retard
D Atmospheric Air
Chamber

F200 Alarm
Valve

Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
Restriction
Assembly\

o Sprinkler Head
Operates

1
Water Motor Alarm Gong,

.'._. ;,:,>::>:.':., ', : i' i-:'.'-;,:::'::::.,:':.'\ ..

i _',

Pressure Switch

II Water Supply

F211 Retard
D Atmospheric Air

Chamber

F200 Alarm
Valve Operates

,..---Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
Restriction
Assembly\

o Valve Operates and Water

Floods Trim

1
Water Motor Alarm Gong "<,

Pressure Switch

II Water Supply

F211 Retard
D Atmospheric Air
Chamber

F200 Alarm
Valve Operates

Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
Restriction
Assembly\

o Trim Continues to Flood -

Water Flows to Sprinkler
Water Motor Alarm Gong "<,
Operates

Pressure Switch

II Water Supply

F211 Retard
D Atmospheric Air
Chamber

F200 Alarm

Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
Restriction
Assembly\

o Water Motor Alarm

Operate
s
1
 Pressure Switch

II Water Supply

F211 Retard
D Atmospheric Air
Chamber

F200 Alarm

Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
Restriction
Assembly\
WA,TtE:vR BASED FIRE
FIGHTING SYSTEMS
DRY PIPES SYSTEM

~3.4.SDry pipe sprinl(ler systems conram air (or

sometimes nitrogen) in the riser and piping at
all times, The air (or nitrogen) is under pressure
and this pressure maintains a "differential dry
pipe valve" in the closed position

30
DRY PIPES SYSTEM

~ 3.4.5 Dry Pipe Sl'rini(ier System: A sprinkler

system employing automatic sprinklers that are
attached to a piping system containing air or
nitrogen under ;pressure, the release of which (as
from the opening of a sprinkler) permits the
water pressure to open a valve l(nown as a dry
p
-- - ipe valve, and the water then flows into the
......

piping system and out the opened sprinklers.

11
DRY PIPES SYSTEM
~ When a sprinkler head activates, the air (or
nitrogen) is exhausted through the open head,
thus allowing the differential dry pipe valve to
open and water to be admitted rc the -r-'Se"1v~~lQ
pI•pI•ng.
~ Dry'pipe systems are installed where there is a
danger offreezing or high temperature.
 AIR PRESSURE WATERFLOW
TO SYSTEM TO SYSTEM

fr CLAPPER
ASSEMBLY
CLAPPER
fr
ASSEMBLY
INSET FULLY OPEN
POSITION

CLAPPER LATCH
PIVOTS TO ALLOW
1/2" NPT
CLAPPER ASSEMBLY
WATER
TO FULLY OPEN
SUPPLY
PRESSURE 3/4" NPT ALARM
&ALARM PORT OPEN TO
TEST PORT ATMOSPHERE
ALARM PORT
WATERFLOW
TO ALARM

FRO E
T

FIGURE
SET
ALA
M
P
DRAIN

U F IN
I T
G
U
R
E

3
8
S

C
L

O 3
P W
E A
N T
E
R
S PI O

F
I
D
R

C
L
A
P
P
E
R

A
S
S
E
M
B
L
Y

R
E
S
E
A
T
E
D

42
PROCEDURE
 When one or more automatic sprinklers operate in
response to a fire, air pressure within the system
piping is relieved through the open sprinklers.
 When the air pressure is sufficiently reduced, the
water pressure overcomes the differential holding the
Clapper Assembly closed and the Clapper Assembly
swings
clear of the water seat,
 This action permits water f low into the system
piping and subsequently to be discharged from any
open sprinklers. Also, with the Clapper Assembly
open, the intermediate chamber is pressurized and
water f lows through the alarm port.
43
PROCEDURE
 After a valve actuation and upon subsequent closing of
a system main control valve to stop water f low, the
Clapper Assembly will latch open Latching open of
the DPV-1 will permit complete draining of the
system through the main drain port. During the valve
resetting procedure and after the system is
completely drained, the external reset knob can be
easily depressed to externally unlatch the Clapper
Assembly
 As such, the Clapper Assembly is returned to its
normal set position to facilitate setting of the dry
pipe sprinkler system, without having to remove the
Hand hole Cover.

44
45
 WA,TtE:vR BASED FIRE
FIGHTING SYSTEMS
PRE-ACTION PIPES
SYSTEM

~3.4.10* Pre-action Pipe Sl'rini<ier System: A

sprinkler system employing automatic
sprmklers that are attached to a piping system
that contains air that might or might not be
under _pressure, with a supplemental detection
system installed in the same areas as the
1
sprinklers,

2
NFPA 13 DEFINES THREE BASIC TYPES OF
PRE-AC
t:- .,.
TION SYSTEMS:
 7.3.2.1
Pre-action system shall be one of the
Following types:
 Single Interlocked: Admits water to
sprinkler piping upon operation of
detection devices only.
 Double Interlocked: Admits water to
sprinkler piping upon operation of both
the detection devices and automatic
sprinklers.

1
PRE- AC TION
- ,.-
SYSTEMS:•
 The supplemental detection system is
commonly
electric or pneumatic or a combination of both.
Detection systems used with electric release systems
are
commonly actuated by manual pull stations, fixed-
temperature heat detectors, rate-of-rise heat detectors,
smoke detectors or other means determined

1
 In accordance with NFPA 13,
 7.3.2.4.1 the pre-action sprinkler system piping and
fire detection devices shall be automatically supervised
where there are more than 20 sprinklers on the
systems. This is accomplished with air or nitrogen gas
under pressure of 0.5 bar minimum within the
sprinkler piping. If the integrity of the sprinkler piping
is compromised, the pressure will be reduced
activating a supervisory pressure switch that
transmits the signal to the release control panel
and/or fire alarm panel.
 Single Interlocked

53
 Low Air ...----S--prinkler Head(
s)
Pressure
Alarm To Closed
\iL.'i·t Sw~ch"\.... Sprinklers
~~Inng 0

t
"

7
Approved Control
Panel-----......
Pressure
Alarm Al
ar
Check m
Valve C
o
nt
ro
l
V
al
ve
(
N
O
)

D Atmospheric Air
Main Control
Valve (NO) D System Air
Pressure
II Water
54
 Low Air ...----S--prinkler Head(
s)
Pressure
Alarm To Closed
t
\iL.'i· Sw~ch"\.... Sprinklers
~~Inng 0

t
"
Approved Control
M
P
-
Valve
(NC)
station/ Valv
e
/_ (NC
)

(
A
V

D Atmospheric Air
Main Control
Valve (NO) D System Air
Pressure
II Water
54
Panel-----......

7
Pressure
Alarm
Check
Al
ar
m
Valve C
o
nt
ro
l
V
al
ve
(
N
O
)

F4
0

Main Control D Atmospheric Air /

Valve (NO)
D System Air
Pressure
II Water 1
V
-
Valve oid
M (NC)
station/
Operat
V es
/_ a
l
v

C
e

D
N
C
)

So

len

Main Control D Atmospheric Air

Valve (NO)
D System Air
Pressure
II Water 2
 Low Air _......S...p,.rinkler
Head(s)
Pressure
Alarm To Closed
\ iL l'i ' Switch, Sprinklers

t
~ ~t I .......
rlng a Ap
pro
ve Pressur
d e
Co F Alar
Alarmi:r
ntr 5 m t/
ol 2 Contr operi
Pa 0 ol ll;
nel C Valv
--- h e
-- e (NO
c )
k
V
a
l
v
e

M
 Low Air _......S...p,.rinkler
Head(s)
Pressure
Alarm To Closed

A
V
C
 Low Air _...---S--p-rinkler Head(
s)
Pressure
Alarm To Closed
\ iL l'i ' Swrtch -, Sprinklers
tY Y l nng

t
\...
0
Approved Control
Panel -------..

Check
Alarm Control
Valve (NO)
Alarm 7
Pressure

Valve
Opens

F470
/ Deluge

Manual
Pull
Valve

Main Drain
----- Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
station/ Valve (NC)
/_

Automatic Drain
Valve o Check Valve
Opens
D Atmospheric Air
D System Air
Pressure
II Water
57
 Low Air .------S- prinkler
Pressure Head(s)
Alarm
Swkh"
Wring to -,
Approved

7
Control
Panel Pressure
------- Alarm
Alarm
C Control
h Valve
e (NO)
c
k
V
a
l
v
e
O
p
e
n
s

ual Pull
station/

Man
Pressure
II Water
1
 Low Air .------S- prinkler
Pressure Head(s)

\
V
-----
M
V

Pressure
II Water
2
 Low Air ..:... . ~ Sprinkler Head(
Pressure .~!~~~1:. s)
Discharge
Air Supply
Alarm
\ n l 'i ' Swrtch-......
' f' . ' lring \....
t
0
Approved Control
Panel---- ......

la rm
Alarm Control re s sur e

Check Valve (NO)

Valve

?
F470
/ Deluge

Manual
Pull
Valve

Main Drain
----- Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
station/
/_
M
n
Low Air ..:... . ~ Sprinkler Head(
Control Valve (NC) s)
Valve (NO)

CD Sprinkler Head]s]
Discharge Water
D Atmospheric Air
D System Air
PRE- AC TION
- ,.-
SYSTEMS:•
 Double Interlocked
 The double interlock pre-action system
utilizes a detector system and pressurized
air or nitrogen in the sprinkler system
piping. This system is arranged so that the
deluge valve will open only when both
pressure is reduced in the sprinkler piping
and the detection system operates.

1
  If the detection system operates due to
damage
or malfunction, the valve will not open, but an
alarm will sound. If the sprinkler piping is
damaged or sprinkler is broken, the valve will
not open but a supervisory alarm will sound.
The operation of both a sprinkler and a
detector (or release) is required before the
valve will open, allowing water to enter the
system piping.
 Electrical Detection

Low Airpressure7
Sw~ch
To Closed Sprinkler Head( s)
Sprinklers

t Alarm Control
Valve (NO) !
Pressure Alarm
SWITch

k;J.J~~i5ST~~:::::~ /F520 Check

L:==-='r-' / Valve

Manual F470 Deluge

Valve ------ Alarm Test
Pull station \ Valve (NC)
/

o System
\ Automatic Drain
Valve (NO)
Main Drain Valve (NC)

D
Normal
Atmospheric Air
 System Air
D Pressure
II
62
Water
 Electrical aDetection

-~~~~~==~
Senses Fire
Signal Sent to
Control Panel

~ -
Low Air pressure7
Sw~ch Cond ition

S
S
H

t
I
A
Alar
m
Cont
rol
~=-=-rJ V
al
Co ve
ntr (N
ol O)
Pa
D System Air
~~
Pressure
II Water 1
~ Sw~ch Electrical Detection
P F
M a 4
a n 7
n C e ~~~ 0
u l D
al - e
P
F l
ull
i u
o r g
st s
at t \ Automatic e
io A Drain V
n l Valve a
n a (NO) l
r v
m e
Drip
/
t

o r
\
Signal Val

o D
Atmospheric
Sent to Air
l
D System Air
Pressure
II Water 2
 Low Air pressure7
Sw~ch .
To Closed
LAir SUPP....-IY Sprinklers
Sprinkler Head(s)
Operates

t Pressure Alarm

I
Alarm Control Sw~ch
Valve (NO)

~~~w~Tb:1l/F520 Check
o...:==--="r-' / Valve

Manual F470 Deluge

Pull station \ Valve
/
~~~

Drip e

o
Operates
- Loss
Sprinkler Head of Air
Pressur
\Automatic Drain
\ Main Drain
Valve (NO) Valve (NC)

D
Atmospheri
c Air
 Electrical Detection

Low Air Pressure

Switch Operates
To Closed Sprinkler Head( s)
Control Panel Sprinklers

t Pressure Alarm
Alarm Control
Valve (NO) I Switch
:-:'l/FS20 Check
/ Valve

I
Manual F 470 Deluge
Pull station \ Valve

Drip Seco
Funnel nd

o
Alar
\ Automatic Drain
m
Valve (NO)
low Air Pressure
Switch 0 p e
rates
Pressure
II Water 1
 Main
Drain D Atmospheric Air
Valve
(NC)
D System Air
Electrical Detection

Low Air pressure7

Switch
L Air Supply
To Closed
Sprinklers
Sprinkler Head( s)

t Pressure Alarm
Alarm Control
Valve (NO) I Switch
:-:'l/FS20 Check
/ Valve

Manual
Pull station \

o
Drip
Funnel
Solenoid Operates
Pressure
II Water 2
\ Automatic Drain
Main
Valve (NO) Drain
Valve
(NC)

D
Atmospheric
Air
D System
Air

Pressure
II Water 3
 Electrical Detection

Low Air pressure7

Switch
LAir SUPP.---IY
To Closed
Sprinklers
Sprinkler Head(s)

t Alarm Control
Valve (NO) I
Pressure Alarm

Switch
~ /F520 Check
/ Valve

I
Manual F 470 Deluge
Pull station Valve Opens

Drip
Funnel

o Vallie Opens
\ Automatic Drain
Valve Closes
Main Control
\ Main Drain Valve (NC)

D Atmospheric Air
Valve (NO) D System Air
Pressure
II Water 1
 Electrical Detection

Low Air pressure7

Switch

LAir SUPPt-IY_-...
Sprinkler Head(s)

Pressure Alarm

F520 Check
Alarm Control
Valve (NO) I Switch
Operates

7 Valve Opens

Manual F470 Deluge

Valve ----- Alarm Test
Pull station \ Valve (NC)
/

Drip

CD
\ Automatic Drain
Main Drain Valve (NC)
Valve
Check Valve Opens
 Electrical Detection
Water Flows Through Piping

Sprinkler Head(s)

Valve (NO
I
Alarm Control
Pressure Alarm
Switch
::::;/F520 Check
/ Valve

I
Manual F 470 Deluge
Valve ------ Alarm Test
Pull station \ Valve (NC)

Drip
Main Control
Valve (NO) D System Air
Pressure
II Water 1
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Valve
\ Main Drain Valve (NC)

D Atmospheric Air

Main Control
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II Water 2
 Pressure Alarm

::::/:F; 520 Check

Alarm Control
Valve (NO I Switch

/ Valve

I
Manual F 470 Deluge
Valve ----- Alarm Test
Pull station \ Valve (NC)

Drip

\ Automatic Drain
Main Drain Valve (NC)
Valve
Sprinkler Head
Discharges Main Control
D Atmospheric Air
WA,TtE:vR BASED FIRE FIGHTING
SYSTEMS
DELUGE PIPES SYSTEM
~ 3.4.4, Deluge Pipe Sprinl(ler System: A sprinkler
system employing open sprinklers or nozzles
that are attached to a piping system that is
connected to a water supply through a valve that
is opened by the operation of the detection
system installed in the same areas as the
sprinklers or the nozzles .w_ he:m._this V2_~Vc
'1 ~ opens, water flows into the piping system
1
and discharges from all sprinklers or nozzles
attached thereto.

2
DELUGE SYSTEMS:•
 A deluge system is similar to a Preaction system
except the sprinkler heads are open and the pipe is
not pressurized with air. Deluge systems are
connected to a water supply through a deluge valve
that is opened by the operation of a smoke or heat
detection system. The detection system is installed in
the same area as the sprinklers. When the detection
system is activated water discharges through all of the
sprinkler heads in the system. Deluge systems are
used in places that are considered high hazard areas
such as power plants, aircraft hangars and chemical
storage or processing facilities. Deluge systems are
needed where high velocity suppression is necessary
to prevent fire spread

1
DELUGE SYSTEMS:•

 Deluge System with Electric actuated

1
 Open Nozzle( s)

Wring to

7
Approved Control
Panel -------
To Open Pressure
Nozzles Alarm

t
Alarm Control
Valve (NO)

F470
/ Deluge

Manual
Pull
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Main
----- Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
station/ Drain
Valve (NC)
/_

Automatic Drain
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D Atmospheric Air
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F470
/ Deluge

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-----
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station/ Valve (NC)

/_

Automatic Drain
Valve (NO)
 Valve (NC)

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Operates
D Atmospheric Air

• Water
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7
Approved Control
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Nozzles Alarm
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t Valve (NO)

F470

/ Deluge

Manual
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Valve
Opens
Main Drain
----- Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
station/ Valve (NC)

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D Atmospheric Air
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op e r
la rm ~:/

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/
F470

/ Deluge

Manual
Pull
Valve
Opens
Main
----- Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
station/ Drain
Valve (NC)
/_

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Valve CD Valve Opens
Completely
D Atmospheric Air
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er
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F470
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station/ Valve (NC)

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F470
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Main Drain
----- Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
station/ Valve (NC)
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DELUGE SYSTEMS:•

 Deluge System with wet pilot actuated

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Pressure

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----- Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
station/ Valve (NC)
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D Atmospheric Air

1
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/
F470

/ Deluge

Manual
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----- Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
station/ Drain
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/_

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D Atmospheric Air
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er
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F470
/ Deluge
Valve
Manual ----- Alarm Test
Pull Main Drain Valve (NC)
station/ Valve (NC)
/_

Automatic Drain
Valve o Wllter Flows
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Main Control D Atmospheric Air
Valve (NO)
• Water
1
 . _.::-.~.':..' c/ '..' .. - .'-
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7
t '. ii. . ..
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Valve (NO)

F470
/ Deluge

Manual
Pull
Valve

Main
----- Alarm Test
Valve (NC)
station/ Drain
Valve (NC)
/_

Automatic Drain
Valve o Open Nozzles
Discharge
D Atmospheric Air

• Water
1
DELUGE SYSTEMS:•

 Deluge System with Dry pilot actuated

1
/ Low Air Pressure Alarm Switch Pilot Head(s)

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Reli
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ve
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ve

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Main Alarm
Drain Test
Valve(NC)
/_
Val
ve
(N
C)

D Atmospheric Air
D Pilot Line Air
II Water 3
 ..--Open Nozzles()

Relief Valve \

Air Supply--
To Open Pressure
8-1 / Nozzles A
op e r
la rm ~:/

t
Actuator Alarm Control
Valve (NO)

/
F470

/ Deluge
Valve
Manual Opens ----- Alarm Test
Pull Main Valve (NC)
station/ Drain
Valve (NC)
/_

Automatic Drain
Valve CD Valve Opens
Completely
 Pilot
Head(s)

_.-- Open Nozzle( s)

Relief Valve \

7
Air Supply--
Pressure

Alarm Control Alarm

Valve (NO)

F470
/ Deluge
Valve
Manual ----- Alarm Test
Pull Main Drain Valve (NC)
station/ Valve (NC)
/_

Automatic Drain
Valve
o Water Flows
Through System
 /" Low Air Pressure Alarm Switch ......
Pilot Heacl(s)

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7
Air Supply--
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8-1 /
Actuator Alarm Control Alarm
Valve (NO)

F470
/ Deluge
Valve
Manual ----- Alarm Test
Pull Main Valve (NC)
station/ Drain
Valve (NC)
/_

Automatic Drain
Valve o Open Nozzles
Discharge