CHI SQUARE: WORKSHOP

1. A doctor claims that the number of births by day of the week is uniformly distributed. To test this
claim, you randomly select 700 births from a recent year and record the day of the week on which each
takes place. The table shows the result. At α =0.10 , test the doctor’s claim.

Day Frequency
Sunday 65
Monday 107
Tuesday 117
Wednesda 115
y
Thursday 114
Friday 107
Saturday 73
Solution :
DAY OF THE WEEK
SUN MO TUE WED TH FRI SAT
N U
OBSERVE 65 107 117 115 114 109 73
D
EXPECTED 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

1. H 0 : The distribution isuniform

2. H 1 : The distribution isnot uniform

3. α =0.10

4. degrees of freedom

v=k −n
where k =number of cells∧n=number of quantities involve ¿ obtain theexpected frequency
v=7−1
v=6
2 2
5. critical region: χ < χ α ∨ χ 2> χ α 2
1−
2 2

χ 2 <1.237∨ χ 2 >12.592
 2
2 ( oi−ei )
χ =∑
ei

( 65−100 )2 ( 107−100 )2 (117 −100 )2 ( 115−100 )2 ( 114−100 )2 ( 109−100 )2 ( 73−100 )2

χ 2= + + + + + +
100 100 100 100 100 100 100

χ 2=27.94
6. Decision:

χ2> χ α 2
2

27.9>12.592
REJECT : H 0 : The distribution isuniform

ACCEPT : H 1 : The distribution is not uniform

2. You are investigating the relationship between the ages of U.S adults and what aspect of career
development they consider to be the most important. You randomly collect the data shown in the
contingency table. At α =0.05 , is there enough evidence to conclude that age is related to which aspect
of career development is considered to be most important?

Career Development aspect

AGE Learning New Skills Pay Increases Career Path
18−26 years 31 22 21
27−41 years 27 31 33
42−61 years 19 14 8

Solution :
Career Development aspect
AGE Learning New Skills Pay Increases Career Path TOTAL
18−26 years 31 22 21 74
27−41 years 27 31 33 91
42−61 years 19 14 8 41
TOTAL 77 67 62 206

1. H 0 : Age∧aspect of career development isindependent ¿ each other

2. H 1 : Age∧aspect of career development isnot independent ¿ each other

3. α =0.05

4. degrees of freedom

v=( r−1 ) ( c−1 )

v=( 3−1 )( 3−1 )

v=4
2 2
5. critical region: χ > χ α

χ 2 >9.488

Computation for the expected frequency

( column total ) ( row total )
Expected Frequency=
grand total

77 × 74
First row∧first column expected frequency = =27.66019417476 ≈ 28
206

77 × 91
S econd row∧first column expected frequency = =34.0145631068≈ 35
206
67 ×74
First row∧second column expected frequency= =24.06796116505 ≈ 25
206
67 × 91
Second row ∧second column expected frequency = =29.59708737864 ≈ 30
206

Career Development aspect

AGE Learning New Skills Pay Increases Career Path TOTAL
18−26 years 31 (28) 22(25) 21 (21) 74
27−41 years 27(35) 31 (30) 33 (26) 91
42−61 years 19 (14) 14 (12) 8(15) 41
TOTAL 77 67 62 206
 2 ( 31−28 )2 ( 22−25 )2 ( 21−21 )2 ( 27−35 )2 (31−30 )2 ( 33−26 )2 ( 19−14 )2 ( 14−12 )2 ( 8−15 )2
χ= + + + + + + + +
28 25 21 35 30 26 14 12 15

χ 2=9.81366300366

6. Decision

critical region: χ 2> 9.488

Since χ 2=9.81366300366

therefore χ 2> χ α 2
REJECT : H 0 : Age isindependent ¿ aspect of career development

ACCEPT : H 1 : Age is NOT indepedent ¿the aspect of career development

3. You are investigating the relationship between the ages of U.S adults and what aspect of career
development they consider to be the most important. You randomly collect the data shown in the
contingency table. What can you say about the career development aspect? At α =0.10 .

Solution :
Based on the solution of problem ¿ 2.With a two−tailed test at α=0.10

 critical region: χ 2< χ 2 α ∨ χ 2> χ α 2 with v=4

1−
2 2
2 2
∨ χ > χ 0.052 with v=4
2
 critical region: χ < χ 0.95

critical region: χ 2< 0.711∨ χ 2> 9.488

Decision

Since χ 2=9.81366300366

therefore χ 2> χ α 2

REJECT : H 0 : Age isindependent ¿ aspect of career development

ACCEPT : H 1 : Age is NOT indepedent ¿the aspect of career development