Nervous Tissues

Nervous tissues
Nervous Tissue: consist of two types of cell
1- Neurons
2- Glial cells
 Nervous tissues
1- neurons: the structural unit of nervous tissues formed
of cell body{perikaryon} its processes {axon& dendrites}
Cell body (perikaryon) contains a nucleus with nucleolus
& cytoplasm rich in RER called nissl bodies.
 Nervous tissues
Dendrites Axon

1- Multiple, short, thick Single, long, thin

Branch like a tree Do not branch except at its end

Become thinner toward sits Have uniform diameter

end

Have Nissal body No Nissal granules

Carry nerve impulses toward Carry nerve impulses a way the n.
the n. cell cell
 Nervous tissues
classification of neurons
A:according to N:of processes :{polarity}
 1- unipolar: have a single process that divides into 2branches
(T_shaped) One extends to a peripheral endings acts as a dendrite
but structurally It is similar to axon the other towards CNS act as
an axon The impulse travels from the dendrite to the axon directly
without Passing though the perikargon e.g. in spinal ganglia &
mesencephal Nucleus of trigeminal nerve
 2- Bipolar : have one dendrite one axon e.g. in retina of eye
olfaction Mucosa cochlear vestibular ganglia of ear
 3- Multipolar :have one axon many dendrites :3 types
 Stellate :e.g.AHCs in sp.cord sympathetic nerve cells
 Pyramidal: e.g.cells in cerebral cortex
 Pyriform :e.g. Purkinge cells in cerebellar cortex
Nervous tissues
 Nervous tissues

Multipolar neurons
 Nervous tissues
Bipolar neurons
Nervous tissues
 Nervous tissues

B- According to function:
1- Sensory neurons: receive sensory
stimulate e.g. post root ganglia
2- Motor neurons: control effectors as
muscles & glands e.g. AHCs
3- Interneurons: connect neurons as in
retina & sp.cord
2- neuroglia:
Def: they are the supportive ,nutritive .protective tissue
bet. Neurons
1- Macroglia :
 large star shaped calls mang processes
 - ectodarmal in origin
 –have centrioles .
 -have large pale nucleus
 - E.M. have bundles of intermediate filaments to keap their shape
Functions :
1-stnctural support
2-their processes end by expended end feet on bl.vessels to get
nutrition
3-blood brain barrier
4-repair by forming scar tissue
Macroglia
2- Microglia= Brain macrophages
- Small spindle – shaped cell with many processes.
- the cell and processes are decorated by spins
- Mesodermal in origin
- Have oval dark nucleus& little cytoplasim
- phagocytic cell in grey & white matter
3- Oligodendrocytes:
 Small branched cell with few processes
 Ectodermal in origin
 Have centrioles
4- Edendymal
 Simple cuboidal or columnar ciliated
epith.
 Ectodermal in origin
5- Schwann cell
- around peripheral nerve
- ectodermal in origin
Functions:
1- insulation of nerve impulses
2- Formation of myelin sheath
3- Regeneration of nerves
6- Stellite cell: cubical cell around nerve
cell of ganglia .
Function: Supportive