ARTAPP - M3 Art Movements From 1870 Present

ART
MOVEMENTS
FROM 1870 TO THE PRESENT
MOVEMENTS: 1870 to The Bauhaus
1930
Futurism
09 00
81 91
08 03
Suprematism
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02
07 1
81 91
9
0
81 91
Impressionism Art Nouveau Fauvism Cubism Dada Surrealism

Constructivism
Post-Impressionism Expressionism
MOVEMENTS: 1930 to present
Minimalis
Kinetic Conceptual
Art Op Art Art
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0 0
Pop Arte
0
0
0
002
491
591
Art691
Povera
7
9 1
891
991
Color
Hard-edge
Performance Art
Abstract Neo
Expressionism Painting Post Abstraction
Field Painting Minimalism Post-painterly Expressionism
IMPRESSIONSIS
M EARLY 1872 – EARLY
1892
IMPRESSIONISM
Birth: A movement in French painting which was at its height from the late
1860s to mid 1880s, and whose influence was felt until 1900.
Ideas: Turning away from the stress on fine finish and realistic rendering in
academic art, French Impressionists sought new ways to describe effects of
light and movement, often using rich colors.
Drawn to modern life, they often painted the city, but they also captured
landscapes and scenes of middle-class leisure-taking in the suburbs.
Y
Edouard Manet Claude Monet Edgar Degas Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Berthe Morisot Camille Pissarro E
IMPRESSIONISM
The movement gained its name after a hostile

French critic, reviewing the artists' first major
exhibition, seized on the title of Claude Monet's
painting: Impression, Sunrise (1873), and
accused them of painting nothing but
impressions.
The group soon embraced the title, though they
would also refer to themselves as the
Independents.
Claude Monet
Impression, Sunrise
1873. Oil on canvas. 48 x 63 cm
T
S

IMPRESSIONISM
Impressionism was a style of representational

art that did not necessarily rely on realistic
depictions.
Contemporary science was beginning to
recognize that what the eye perceived and
what the brain understood were two different
things: the Impressionists sought to capture
the former - the impact of a scene.
Claude Monet
Haystacks, (sunset)
1890–1891
S

IMPRESSIONISM
The Impressionists loosened their brushwork, and

lightened their palettes with pure, intense colors.
They abandoned traditional perspective, and they
avoided the clarity of form which, in earlier art,
serves to distinguish the more from the less
important elements of a picture.
This resulted in many critics accusing Impressionist
paintings of looking unfinished or amateurish.
Camille Pissarro
Hay Harvest at Éragny
1901

Berthe Morisot Camille Pissarro Edouard Manet Claude Monet
E
K
influential artist to have heeded poet Charles
Baudelaire's call to artists to become painters of
modern life.
Manet's modernity lies above all in his eagerness to
update older genres of painting by injecting new
content, or altering the conventional elements. He
did so with an acute sensitivity to historical
tradition and contemporary reality. This was also
undoubtedly the root cause of many of the
scandals he provoked.
IMPRESSIONISM
"There are no lines in nature,
His loose handling of paint, and his schematic
only areas of color, one
rendering of volumes, led to areas of "flatness" in
against his pictures. In the artist's day this flatness may
another." have suggested popular posters, or the artifice of
Edouard Manet painting - as opposed to its realism; today, critics
23 Jan 1832 (Paris) - 30 April 1883 (Paris)
see this quality as the first example of "flatness" in
Edouard Manet was the most important and modern art.
IMPRESSIONISM
Edouard Manet : Major Works
Edouard Manet
Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe
1863. Oil on canvas.
As the primary talking point of the Salon des Refuses in

1863, it is fairly clear to see why this canvas shocked the
bourgeois patrons, and the Emperor himself.
Manet's composition is influenced by the Renaissance artist
Giorgione, and to Raimondi's engraving of the Judgment of
Paris after Raphael, but these are fractured by his disregard
for perspective, and his use of unnatural light sources.
But it was the presence of an unidealized female nude,
casually engaged with two fashionably dressed men, that
was the focus of the most public outrage. Her gaze confronts
the viewer on a sexual level, but through her Manet
confronts the public as well, challenging their ethical and
aesthetic boundaries.
Impressionist movement of the 1870s and 1880s.
His 1873 painting, Impression, Sunrise, gave the

style its name, and as an inspirational talent, and as
a personality, he was crucial in bringing its
adherents together.
Inspired, in the 1860s, by the Realists' interest in

painting in the open air, Monet would later bring
the technique to one of its most famous pinnacles
with his so-called series paintings, in which his
IMPRESSIONISM "The observations of the same subject, viewed at various
motif is times of the day, were captured in numerous
sequences of paintings.
insignificant for me; what I want to
represent is what lies between the motif Masterful as a colorist and as a painter of light and
& me." atmosphere, his later work often achieved a
Claude Monet remarkable degree of abstraction, and this has
14 Nov 1840 (Paris, France) – 5 Dec 1926 (Giverny, France) recommended him to subsequent generations of
abstract painters.
Claude Monet was among the leaders of the French
IMPRESSIONISM
Claude Monet : Major Works
Claude Monet
Boulevard des Capucines
Boulevard des Capucines captures a scene of the hustle and bustle

of Parisian life from the studio of Monet's friend, the photographer
Nadar.
Applying very little detail, Monet uses short, quick brushstrokes to
create the 'impression' of people in the city alive with movement.
Critic Leroy was not pleased with these abstracted crowds,
describing them as "black tongue-lickings."
Monet painted two views from this location, with this one looking
towards the Place de l'Opera.
The first Impressionist exhibition was held in Nadar's studio, and
perhaps in a show of respect to his supporter, Monet included this
piece.
Impressionism although he rejected the term,
and preferred to be called a realist. A superb
draftsman, he is especially identified with the
subject of the dance, and over half of his works
depict dancers.
Technically, Degas differs from the Impressionists
in that he "never adopted the Impressionist
color fleck", and he continually belittled their
practice of painting en plein air. Degas himself
explained, "no art was ever less spontaneous
than mine. What I do is the result of reflection
and of the study of the great masters; of
IMPRESSIONISM
inspiration, spontaneity, temperament, I know
nothing.”
“Art is not what you see, but what you
make others see.” Nonetheless, he is described more accurately as
Edgar Degas an Impressionist than as a member of any other
19 July 1834 (Paris, France) – 27 Sept 1917 (Paris, France) movement. His scenes of Parisian life, his off
center compositions, his experiments with color
Edgar Degas is regarded as one of the founders of
and form, and his friendship with several key and Édouard Manet—all relate him intimately to
Impressionist artists—most notably Mary Cassatt the Impressionist movement.
IMPRESSIONISM
Edgar Degas : Major Works
Edgar Degas
The Dance Class (La Classe de Danse)
1874. Oil on canvas. 85x78 cm.
When this work and its variant in the Musée d'Orsay, Paris, were
painted in the mid-1870s, they constituted Degas's most
ambitious figural compositions except for history paintings.
Some twenty-four women, ballerinas and their mothers, wait
while a dancer executes an "attitude" for her examination. Jules
Perrot, one of the best-known dancers and ballet masters in
Europe, conducts the class. The imaginary scene is set in a
rehearsal room in the old Paris Opéra—a poster for Rossini's
"Guillaume Tell" is on the wall beside the mirror—even though
the building had just burned to the ground.
IMPRESSIONISM
Edgar Degas : Major Works
Edgar Degas Edgar Degas
The Bellelli Family L’Absinthe
1858–1867. Oil on canvas. 200 cm × 253 cm 1876. Oil on canvas. 92 cm × 68 cm
IMPRESSIONISM
"If the painter works directly from nature, he
ultimately looks for nothing but
momentary effects; he does not try to compose, and soon he gets
monotonous."
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
25 Feb 1841 (Haute-Vienne, France) – 3 Dec 1919 (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France)
Renoir was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the
Impressionist style.
Renoir's paintings are notable for their vibrant light and saturated color, most often
focusing on people in intimate and candid compositions. The female nude was one of
his primary subjects. In characteristic Impressionist style, Renoir suggested the details
of a scene through freely brushed touches of color, so that his figures softly fuse with
one another and their surroundings.
A prolific artist, he made several thousand paintings. The warm sensuality of Renoir's
style made his paintings some of the most well known and frequently-reproduced works
in the history of art.
IMPRESSIONISM
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Major Works
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Bal du moulin de la Galette
(Dance at Le moulin de la Galette)
1876. Oil on canvas. 131 × 175 cm
The painting depicts a typical Sunday

afternoon at Moulin de la Galette in the
district of Montmartre in Paris.
In the late 19th century, working class
Parisians would dress up and spend time
there dancing, drinking, and eating
galettes into the evening.
Like other works of Renoir's early

maturity, Bal du moulin de la Galette is a
typically Impressionist snapshot of real
life. It shows a richness of form, a fluidity
of brush stroke, and a flickering light.
IMPRESSIONISM
Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Self Portraits
1875 1876 1910
IMPRESSIONISM
Berthe Morisot was a woman of extraordinary talents
who carved for herself a career within the art world of
nineteenth century Paris. She was one of only a few
women who exhibited with both the Paris Salon and
the highly influential and innovative Impressionists. Her
work endures today as a major representative of the
Impressionist school.
Although Morisot was unusual for her class and

time in that she successfully pursued an artistic
career whilst combining it with marriage and
motherhood, she never forsaked her bourgeoise
background.
It is important to
express oneself... provided the feelings are Through her depictions of her sisters, their families,
real and are taken from your own and her own daughter Julie Manet, Berthe Morisot
experience. portrays an intimacy between women within the
Berthe Morisot realism of the feminine world. Her art remains as a
January 14, 1841 (Bourges, Cher, France) – March 2, 1895 (Paris, record for the twentieth century and beyond of the
France)
feminine world of the bourgeoises.
IMPRESSIONISM
Berthe Morisot : Major Works
Berthe Morisot
The Mother and Sister of the Artist
1869/1870. Oil on canvas. 101 × 82 cm
In the mother's face and dark costume Manet's

strong, broad brushstrokes are discernible. For both
artists, however, the appearance of paint on the canvas,
more than the illusion of reality, is of greatest interest.
This picture, after having been accepted at the Salon,
was probably seen again in the first impressionist
exhibition in 1874. Unlike Manet, Morisot embraced the
outdoor painting and spontaneity of impressionism,
participating in all but one of the eight impressionist
exhibitions.
IMPRESSIONISM
Berthe Morisot : Major Works
Berthe Morisot Berthe Morisot
The Cradle (Le berceau) 1872. Reading (portrait of Edma
oil on canvas. 56 × 46 cm Morisot) 1873. Oil on fabric.
IMPRESSIONISM
10 July 1830 (Charlotte Amalie, Danish West Indies) - 13 November
1903 (Paris, France)
Camille Pissarro was a French Impressionist and

Neo-Impressionist painter born on the island of St
Thomas (now in the US Virgin Islands, but then in
the Danish West Indies). Known as the "Father of
Impressionism," he used his own painterly style to
depict urban daily life, landscapes, and rural scenes,
his importance resides in his contributions to both
Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, as he was
the only artist to exhibit in both forms.
“Work at the
same time on sky, water, branches, ground, Pissarro studied from great forerunners, including
keeping everything going on an equal Gustave Courbet and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot.
basis... Don't be alongside Georges
afraid of putting on colour... He later studied and worked
Paint Seurat and Paul Signac when he took on the Neo-
generously and unhesitatingly, for it is best
not to lose the first Impressionist style at the age of 54.
impression.” Pissarro is the only artist to have shown his work at
Jacob Abraham Camille Pissarro
all eight Paris Impressionist exhibitions, from 1874 the Impressionists" but to all four of the major
to 1886. As a stylistic forerunner of Impressionism, Post-Impressionists, including Georges Seurat, Paul
he is today considered a "father figure not only to Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin.
IMPRESSIONISM
Camille Pissarro : Major Works
Camille Pissarro
The Woodcutter
1879. Oil on canvas. 35x45-3/4 inches.
Camille Pissarro painted The Woodcutter in 1879,

one of 28 Impressionist paintings that Pissarro
would exhibit in the Impressionists' sixth
exhibition.
The figure of Pissarro's woodcutter recalls the

peasant laborers painted by Jean Francois Millet.
With solid weight and strong contours, the
laborer in The Woodcutter seems to have been
shaped by his work, by the repetitive motion of
dragging his saw back and forth through the
wood. But the background has a vanishing
quality, with light sparkling on the dense foliage.
IMPRESSIONISM
Camille Pissarro
The Boulevard Montmartre on a Winter Morning
IMPRESSIONISM
Camille Pissarro
Boulevard Montmartre la nuit
1898. Oil on canvas. 55 × 65 cm.
1930
Futurism
09 00
81 91
08 03
Suprematism
1
02
07 1
81 91
9
0
81 91

Constructivism
POST-IMPRESSIONIS
M EARLY 1880s – MID
1910s
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Post-Impressionism is a catch-all term for the many and disparate reactions against
the naturalism, and issues of light and color, which had inspired the Impressionists.
Birth: A term coined by critic Roger Fry to describe various reactions against
Impressionism which began around 1886. The movement encompassed Symbolism
and Neo-Impressionism before ceding to Fauvism around 1905
Ideas: Post-Impressionists turned away from effects of light and atmosphere to

explore new avenues such as color theory and personal feeling.
S
Paul Cézanne Vincent van Gogh Georges Seurat

E
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Symbolic and highly personal meanings were important to Post-Impressionists such as

Gauguin and van Gogh. Rejecting the Impressionists' interest in the external, observed
world, they instead looked inside themselves for content.
As the Post-Impressionists turned away from describing effects of light and color,
abstract form and pattern became increasingly important to them. Gauguin and van
Gogh sought to create harmonious surface patterns, while Cézanne sought to introduce
more structure, and a clearer sense of space and volume, to the Impressionists'
fascination with natural light, by using color applied in regular, repetitive brushstrokes.
Paul Cézanne Vincent van Gogh Georges Seurat

E
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Paul Cezanne
19 January 1839 (Aix-en-Provence, France) - 22 October 1906 (Aix-en-Provence, France)
Paul Cezanne was the preeminent French artist of the Post-Impressionist

era, widely appreciated toward the end of his life for insisting that
painting stay in touch with its material, if not virtually sculptural origins.
Also known as the "Master of Aix" after his ancestral home in the South
of France, Cezanne is credited with paving the way for the emergence of
modern art, both visually and conceptually. In retrospect, his work
constitutes the most powerful and essential link between the ephemeral
materialist, early 20th century artistic
"I owe you the truth in painting and I
movements of Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism,
will tell it to
and even complete abstraction.
aspects of Impressionism and the more
you"
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Paul Cezanne : Major Works
Paul Cezanne
The Artist's Father, Reading "L'Événement"
1866. Oil on canvas. 200 × 120 cm
This portrait is one of the most renowned early works by
Cezanne. The rigid composition is dominated by somber hues
applied in a thick impasto.
The expressive premise for this piece is suggested by the

artist's inclusion of his own still-life in the background, as
though to solicit recognition of his talent by his famously
disapproving parent.
As if to force the issue, Louis-August is portrayed reading a

liberal newspaper, a highly unlikely event, as he was widely
known for his conservative outlook.
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent Willem van Gogh

30 March 1853 (Zundert, Netherlands) - 29 July 1890 (Auvers-sur-Oise, France)
Dutch Post-Impressionist Vincent van Gogh's unique vision, brushwork and use of
color provide stylistic links from Impressionism to the conceptual practice of Abstract
Expressionism. His gestural use of line and distortion of reality for emotional effect
became a guiding principle for the Abstract Expressionist artists of the New York
School.
Van Gogh's dedication to articulating the inner spirituality of man and nature led to a
unique fusion of style and content that resulted in dramatic, imaginative, rhythmic,
and emotional canvases.
self-destructive talent that would be echoed in the lives
"Instead of trying to reproduce exactly of many artists in the 20th century and beyond.
what I see before me, I make more
arbitrary use of color to express myself Van Gogh used an impulsive, gestural application of paint
and symbolic colors to express subjective emotions.
more forcefully." These methods and practice came to define Abstract
His personal temperament came to symbolize the Expressionism.
romantic image of the tortured artist and was an icon of
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent van Gogh : Major Works
Vincent Van Gogh
Starry Night
Starry Night is often considered to be Van Gogh's

pinnacle achievement. Unlike most of his works,
Starry Night was painted from memory and not en
plein air; the emphasis on interior, emotional life is
clear in his depiction of the sky, which was a
radical departure from his previous, more
naturalistic landscapes.
In Starry Night, Van Gogh followed a strict
principal of structure and composition: the
distribution of forms across the surface of the
canvas is in exacting order. The result is a
landscape perceived through swirling curves and
lines, its seeming chaos subverted by a rigorous
formal arrangement. Since 1941, The Museum of
Modern Art in New York City has held Starry Night
in its permanent collection.
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent Van Gogh

Fourteen Sunflowers in a Vase
Van Gogh's Sunflower series was intended to decorate the room he

was keeping for Gaugin at the Yellow House in Arles. His lush
brushstrokes built up the texture of sunflowers and employed a wide
spectrum of yellow, in part because recently invented pigments that
made new colors and tonal nuance possible.
Van Gogh used the colors to express the entire lifespan of the flowers,
from the full bloom in bright yellow to the wilting and dying blossoms
rendered in melancholy ochre. The composition, in the restricted
palette and frontally placed subject, appears simpler and more
deliberate than in other still lifes, yet Van Gogh makes a powerful
statement about the fleetingness of time and the subtleties of nature.
Yasuda Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Tokyo, Japan bought

the painting in 1995 for US$36.23 million.
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent Van Gogh

Bedroom
Van Gogh's Bedroom depicts his living

quarters at 2, Place Lamartine, Arles, known as
the Yellow House. It is one of his most well
known images and is one of five versions Van
Gogh created: three rendered in oil on canvas
and two are small letter sketches
He labored over the subject matter, colors
and arrangements of this composition, writing
many letters to Theo about it, "This time it's just
simply my bedroom, only here colour is to do
everything, and giving by its simplification a
grander style to things, is to be suggestive here
of rest or of sleep in general. In a word, looking
at the picture ought to rest the brain, or rather
the imagination."
IMPRESSIONISM
Vincent van Gogh : Self-Portraits
1887 1889 1889
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Georges Seurat
2 December 1859 (Paris, France) - 29 March 1891 (Paris, France)
Georges Seurat is chiefly remembered as the pioneer of the Neo-Impressionist
technique commonly known as Divisionism, or Pointillism, an approach associated
with a softly flickering surface of small dots or strokes of color.
His innovations derived from new quasi-scientific theories about color and expression,
yet the graceful beauty of his work is explained by the influence of very different
sources.
Initially, he believed that a great modern art would show contemporary life in ways
similar to classical art, except that it would use technologically-informed techniques.
Later he grew more interested in gothic art, and popular posters, and the influence of
these on his work make it some of the first modern art to make use of such
unconventional sources for expressive effect.
Futurists, while pictures like Sunday Afternoon on the
"Some say they see poetry in my Island of La Grand Jatte have since become widely popular
paintings; I see only science." icons.
But his innovations would be highly influential, shaping
the work of artists as diverse as Van Gogh and the Italian
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Georges Seurat : Major Works
Georges Seurat
The Bathers
1884-86. Oil on canvas.
Seurat's first important canvas, the Bathers is his

initial attempt at reconciling classicism with
modern, quasi-scientific approaches to color
and form. It depicts an area on the Seine near
Paris, close to the factories of Clichy that one
can see in the distance.
Seurat's palette is somewhat Impressionist in its
brightness, yet his meticulous approach is far
removed from that style's love of expressing the
momentary. The scene's intermingling of
shades also demonstrates Seurat's interest in
handling of shades of a single hue. And the
working class figures that populate this scene
mark a sharp contrast with the leisured
bourgeois types depicted by artists such as
Monet and Renoir in the 1870s.
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
Georges Seurat : Major Works
Georges Seurat
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grand Jatte
1884-86. Oil on canvas.
Seurat's Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La

Grand Jatte was one of the stand-out works in
the eighth and last Impressionist exhibition, in
1884, and after it was shown later that year, at
the Sociéte des Artistes Indépendents, it
encouraged critic Félix Fénéon to invent the
name 'Neo-Impressionism.'
The picture took Seurat two years to complete
and he spent much of this time sketching in the
park in preparation. It was to become the most
famous picture of the 1880s.
Seurat's technique employed tiny juxtaposed
dots of multi-colored paint which allow the
viewer's eye to blend colors optically, rather
than having the colors blended on the canvas or
pre-blended as a material pigment.
MOVEMENTS: 1870 to
1930
The Bauhaus
Futurism 09 00
81 91
08 03
Suprematism
1
02
07 1
81 91
9
0
81 91

Constructivism
ART
NOU
VEAU
1890-190
5
ART NOUVEAU
Birth: Art Nouveau rose to prominence when visual artists, designers and architects
began adopting modern and naturalistic modes of decoration, as opposed to the
ornateness of Victorian-era design. This "new art" stemmed from the Arts & Crafts
movement and aspects of Japonisme.
Ideas: During its brief reign, Art Nouveau went by several different names: Jugendstil,
stile Liberty and Sezessionsstil, which can be attributed to the style's vast influence and
number of practitioners throughout Europe, yet all represented a decidedly modern
take on decorative design. Simple floral patterns and "whiplash" curves are common
throughout, regardless of medium. The movement's influence remains widely evident
today, surviving in definitive 20th-century architecture, furniture and jewelry design,
and most notably the paintings of Gustav Klimt.
E
Gustav Klimt Antoni Gaudi
K
renowned advocator of Art Nouveau, or, as the
style was known in
Germany, Jugendstil ("youth style").
He is remembered as one of the greatest
decorative painters of the twentieth century, and
he also produced one of the century's most
significant bodies of erotic art. Klimt's primary
subject was the female body, and his works are
marked by a frank eroticism—nowhere is this
more apparent than in his numerous drawings in
ART NOUVEAU "All pencil.
art is erotic." Initially successful as a conventional academic

painter, his encounter with more modern trends in
Gustav Klimt
July 14, 1862 (Baumgarten, Austrian Empire) February 6, 1918
European art encouraged him to develop his own
(Vienna, Austria-Hungary) eclectic and often fantastic style. His position as
the co-founder and first president of the Vienna
Austrian painter Gustav Klimt was Vienna's most
ART NOUVEAU
Gustav Klimt : Major Works
Gustav Klimt
The Kiss
1907-08. Oil, gold and silver leaf on canvas.
This is perhaps Klimt's most popular and renowned

celebration of sexual love. In The Kiss, the woman is
being absorbed by the man, while both figures are
engulfed by the body of gold in which they lie. The
background suggests a night sky, while the bodies
teeter at the edge of a flowery meadow, as if they are
in danger of cascading into the darkness.
Representational forms only barely emerge from a
highly ornate but ultimately abstract form, in this case
the golden shroud, beautifully juxtaposed against the
brown and green. Indeed, Klimt's biographer Frank
Whitford has pointed out that earlier studies for the
picture show the man with a beard, suggesting that he
might be meant to represent the artist himself, while
the woman represents Block-Bauer.
ART NOUVEAU
Antoni Gaudí i Cornet
25 June 1852 (Reus, Catalonia, Spain) - 10 June 1926 (Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain)
Antoni Gaudi was a Spanish Catalan architect, and the most popular
representative of the Catalan Modernista movement, which combined
elements of Art Nouveau, Japonisme, Gothic design, and geometric forms.
Gaudí rarely drew detailed plans of his works, instead preferring to create
them as three-dimensional scale models and molding the details as he was
conceiving them.
Gaudí’s work enjoys widespread international appeal and many studies are
devoted to understanding his architecture. Today, his work finds admirers
one of the most visited monuments in Spain.[4]
“Those who look for the laws of Nature as Between 1984 and 2005, seven of his works were
a support for their new works declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Gaudí’s
collaborate with the creator.” Roman Catholic faith intensified during his life and
among architects and the general public alike. His religious images permeate his work. This earned him
masterpiece, the still uncompleted Sagrada Família, is the nickname "God's Architect" and led to calls for
his beatification.
ART NOUVEAU
Antoni Gaudi : Major Works
Antoni Gaudi
Sagrada Familia
Barcelona, Spain. 1882 - ongoing
From 1915 Gaudí devoted himself almost exclusively to his

magnum opus, the Sagrada Família, a synthesis of his architectural
evolution.
After completion of the crypt and the apse, still in Gothic style,
the rest of the church is conceived in an organic style, imitating
natural shapes with their abundance of ruled surfaces. He intended
the interior to resemble a forest, with inclined columns like
branching trees, helicoidal in form, creating a simple but sturdy
structure.
The Sagrada Família has a cruciform plan, with a five-aisled
nave, a transept of three aisles, and an apse with seven chapels. It
has three facades dedicated to the birth, passion and glory of Jesus,
and when completed it will have eighteen towers.
ART NOUVEAU
Antoni Gaudi
Sagrada Familia
Barcelona, Spain. 1882 - ongoing
ART NOUVEAU
Antoni Gaudi
Casa Mila
Barcelona, Spain.
1905-1910
MOVEMENTS: 1870 to
1930
The Bauhaus
Futurism 09 00
81 91
08 03
Suprematism
1
02
07 1
81 91
9
0
81 91

Constructivism
FAUVIS
M
1899-190
8
FAUVISM
Fauvism was the first 20th century movement in modern art.

Inspired by the examples of van Gogh, Gauguin, and Neo-
Impressionists such as Seurat and
Signac, it grew out of a
loosely allied group of French painters with shared interests.
Henri Matisse was eventually recognized as the leader of Les
Fauves, or The Wild Beasts as they were called in French, and
like the group, he emphasized the use of intense color as a
vehicle for describing light and space, but also for
communicating emotion. Birth: A movement in French painting
that began around 1898 but reached its peak and quickly
dissolved around 1906
Ideas: Evolving out of Post-Impressionism and Symbolism, the
loosely affiliated group of artists developed a decorative, anti-
naturalistic style to express personal feelings towards their

subjects. Formally, their work is characterized by vivid, often T
unmixed color, striking surface design and a bold approach to T
execution.Henri Matisse A
31 Dec 1869 (Le Cateau-Cambrésis, Nord) - 3 Nov 1954 (Nice,

FAUVISM Alpes-Maritimes)
Henri Matisse Henri Matisse is widely regarded as the greatest

colorist of the 20th century, and as a rival to
Picasso in the importance of his innovations.
He emerged as a Postimpressionist, and first
achieved prominence as the leader of the French
movement Fauvism. Although interested in
Cubism, he rejected it, and instead sought to use
color as the foundation for expressive, decorative,
and often monumental paintings.
Matisse used pure colors and the white of
exposed canvas to create a light-filled
atmosphere in his Fauve paintings. Rather than
using modeling or shading to lend volume and
structure to his pictures, Matisse used "An artist must possess Nature. He must
contrasting areas of pure, unmodulated color. himself with her rhythm, by
identify
These ideas continued to be important to him efforts that will prepare the mastery which
throughout his career.
express himself in
will later enable him to
his own
language."
FAUVISM
Henri Matisse : Major Works
Henri Matisse
Woman with a Hat
1905. Oil on canvas. 79.4 x 59.7 cm
Matisse attacked conventional portraiture with this image of his

wife. Amelie's pose and dress are typical for the day, but Matisse
roughly applied brilliant color across her face, hat, dress, and even
the background. This shocked his contemporaries when he sent the
picture to the 1905 Salon d'Automne.
Critic Louis Vauxcelles described the work with the phrase
"Donatello parmi les fauves!" (Donatello among the wild beasts),
referring to a Renaissance-type sculpture that shared the room with
them. His comment was printed on 17 October 1905 in Gil Blas, a
daily newspaper, and passed into popular usage.
FAUVISM
Henri Matisse Henri Matisse
Self-Portrait in a Striped T-shirt Blue Nude (Souvenir de
1906. Oil on Canvas Biskra) 1952. Oil on canvas
FAUVISM
Henri Matisse
Blue Nude II
1952. Gouache-painted paper cut-outs.
Matisse completed a series of four blue nudes in 1952,

each in his favorite pose of entwined legs and raised
arm. Matisse had been making cut-outs for eleven
years, but had not yet seriously attempted to portray
the human figure. In preparation for these works,
Matisse filled a notebook with studies. He then created
a figure that is abstracted and simplified, a symbol for
the nude, before incorporating the nude into his large
scale murals.
During the early-to-mid-1940s Matisse was in poor
health. Eventually by 1950 he stopped painting in favor
of his paper cutouts. The Blue Nudes are a major series'
of Matisse's final body of works known as the cutouts.
MOVEMENTS: 1870 to
1930
The Bauhaus
Futurism 09 00
81 91
08 03
Suprematism
1
02
07 1
81 91
9
0
81 91

Constructivism
EXPRESSIONIS
M 1905-1933
Expressionism is a broad term for a host of movements
in early twentieth-century Germany, from Die Brücke
(1905) and Der Blaue Reiter (1911) to the early Neue
Sachlichkeit painters in the 20s and 30s. Many German
Expressionists used vivid colors and abstracted forms to
create spiritually or psychologically intense works, while
others focused on depictions of war, alienation, and the
modern city.
Futurism
1909- LATE 1920s
Futurism developed in interwar Italy as an
ideology that celebrated the speed, movement,
machinery, and violence of modern times.
Blending realism with collage and Cubist
abstraction, its visual components include lines
of force and dynamism to indicate objects
moving through space.
1930
Futurism
09 00
81 91
08 03
Suprematism
1
02
07 1
81 91
9
0
81 91

Constructivism
CUBIS
M
1907-1922
CUBISM
Birth: Developed by Picasso and Braque around 1907, the approach influenced artists
on an international scale into the early 1920s and well beyond.
Ideas: Narrowly conceived, the approach focused on a new way of describing space,
volume and mass in art, and led to the development of important new pictorial devices.
More generally, Cubism pointed new paths towards abstract art, and suggested ways of
describing the appearance and experience of life in the modern urban world.
The movement has been described as having two stages: 'Analytic' Cubism, in which
forms seem to be 'analyzed' and fragmented; and 'Synthetic' Cubism, in which
newspaper and other foreign materials such as chair caning and wood veneer, are
collaged to the surface of the canvas as 'synthetic' signs for depicted objects.
Cubism paved the way for geometric abstract art by putting an

entirely new emphasis on the unity between the depicted
scene in a picture, and the surface of the canvas. Its
innovations would be taken up by the likes of Piet Mondrian, T
who continued to explore its use of the grid, its abstract T
system of signs, and its shallow space. A
Pablo Picasso E
CUBISM 25 October 1881 (Málaga, Spain) - 8 April

1973 (Mougins, France)
Pablo Picasso
personality: his many relationships
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula with women not only filtered into his
Juan Nepomuceno María de los art but may have directed its course;
Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima and his behavior has come to embody
Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso, known as that of the bohemian modern artist in
Pablo Picasso was the most dominant the popular imagination.
and influential artist of the first half
of the twentieth century.
Associated most of all with "Every act of creation is
pioneering Cubism, first an act of
alongside Georges Braque, he also destruction."
invented collage, and made major
contributions to Symbolism,
Surrealism, and to the classical styles
of the 1920s.
Pablo Picasso
He saw himself above all as a painter, T
SI
and yet his sculpture was greatly TR
influential, and he also explored areas

YE
as diverse as print making and

ceramics.
Finally, he was a famously charismatic

Guernica
CUBISM 1937. Oil on canvas. 349 cm × 776 cm
Pablo Picasso : Major Works
Pablo Picasso
CUBISM
Pablo Picasso
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.
1907. Oil on Canvas. 244 x 234 cm
Although it is probably the single most heavily

analyzed picture of the century, ironically, Les
Demoiselles d'Avignon was not exhibited in public
until 1916. Picasso's friends felt that the highly
distorted brothel scene would be too
controversial.
The work of Paul Cezanne, and also African masks,
were crucial in shaping it, and for many years it
was regarded as the first Cubist painting. Critics
have since concluded that it is a transitional work,
but this has done nothing to dampen its enormous
power or influence. Willem de
Kooning's Woman series, for example, was directly
informed by this work.
CUBISM
Pablo Picasso
Portrait of Gertrude Stein
1906. Oil on Canvas.
Pablo Picasso Three Musicians 1921.
MOVEMENTS: 1870 to 1930
The Bauhaus
Futurism 09 00
81 91
08 03
Suprematism
1
02
07 1
81 91
9
0
81 91

Constructivism
DADAISM
1916 - 1924
Launched in Zurich in 1916 and quickly inspired similar
groups in New York, Berlin, Cologne, Paris and
elsewhere. Its influence waned after the Paris group
collapsed and ceded to Surrealism.
Inspired by revulsion at the carnage of WWI, the artistic
and literary movement developed an anarchic
opposition to nationalism, rationalism and all dominant
bourgeois values. All the various Dada groups opposed
realism and embraced avant-garde shock tactics, but
their tone differed; German Dada was far more political
than the bohemian French strain.
DADA having changed the course of art collaborators Picabia and Man
history in the way that Marcel Ray.
Duchamp did. By challenging the very notion of
Marcel Duchamp
28 July 1887 (Normandy, France) – 2 Oct Having assimilated the lessons of what is art, his first readymades
1968 (Neuilly-sur-Sein, France) Cubism and Futurism, whose sent shock waves across the art
joint influence may be felt in his world that can still be felt today.
The French artist Marcel
early paintings, he spearheaded In his insistence that art should
Duchamp was an instrumental
the American Dada movement be driven by ideas above all,
figure in Few artists can boast
together with his friends and Duchamp is generally
considered to be the father of SI
TR
Conceptual art. no YE
In later years, Duchamp definition."

famously spent his time playing
chess, even as he labored away
in secret at his last enigmatic
masterpiece, which was only
unveiled after his death in 1968.
"You cannot define
electricity. The same can
be said of art. It is a kind of
inner
being,
current in a human
or something Marcel
which needs Duchamp
T
DADA
Marcel Duchamp : Major Works
Marcel Duchamp
Fountain
1917
The most notorious of the readymades, Fountain was

submitted to the 1917 Society of Independent Artists under the
pseudonym R. Mutt. The initial R stood for Richard, French
slang for "moneybags" whereas Mutt referred to JL Mott
Ironworks, the New York-based company, which manufactured
the porcelain urinal.
After the work had been rejected by the Society on the grounds
that it was immoral, critics who championed it disputed this
claim, arguing that an object was invested with new
significance when selected by an artist for display. Testing the
limits of what constitutes a work of art, Fountain staked new
grounds.
Pioneered by him, the readymade involves taking mundane,
often utilitarian objects not generally considered to be art and
transforming them, by adding to them, changing them, or as in
the Fountain, simply renaming them and placing them in a
gallery setting.
DADA
Marcel Duchamp : Major Works
Marcel Duchamp
LHOOQ
1919
Marcel Duchamp's scandalous L.H.O.O.Q is an altered postcard reproduction of

Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa.
For this "assisted" (which implied a degree of manipulation as opposed to the
"unassisted") readymade, Duchamp penciled a moustache and a goatee over
Mona Lisa's upper lip and chin, and re-titled the artwork. The name of the piece,
L.H.O.O.Q. (in French èl ache o o qu), is a pun, since the letters when
pronounced in French form the sentence "Elle a chaud au cul", which can be
translated as "She has a hot ass," or alternatively "there is fire down below."
Rather than transmuting an ordinary, manufactured object into a work of art, as
in the bulk of his readymades, in L.H.O.O.Q Duchamp starts with the
representation of an iconic masterpiece that he takes down from its pedestal by
playfully debunking it. In endowing the Mona Lisa with masculine attributes, he
alludes to Leonardo's purported homosexuality and gestures at the androgynous
nature of creativity. Duchamp is clearly concerned here with gender role
reversals, which later come to the fore in Man Ray's portraits of the artist
dressed as his female alter ego, Rrose Selavy.
BAUHAUS
1919 - 1933
The Bauhaus was the most influential modernist art school of
the 20th century, one whose approach to teaching, and
understanding art's relationship to society and technology, had a
major impact both in Europe and the United States long after it
closed. It was shaped by the 19th and early 20th centuries
trends such as Arts and Crafts movement, which had sought to
level the distinction between fine and applied arts, and to
reunite creativity and manufacturing.
The school is also renowned for its faculty, which included
artists Wassily Kandinsky, Josef Albers, László Moholy-Nagy, Paul
Klee and Johannes Itten, architects Walter Gropius and Ludwig
Mies van der Rohe, and designer Marcel Breuer.
BAUHAUS
Major Works
Marcel Breuer The Wassily Chair Tubular Steel Tea Infuser
Chair Silver Plated Brass and Ebony
Marianne Brandt
CONSTRUCTIVISM
1915 – LATE 1930s
Constructivism was the last and most influential modern art movement to flourish in
Russia in the 20th century. It evolved as the Bolsheviks came to power in the October
Revolution of 1917, and initially acted as a lightning rod for the hopes and ideas of
many of the most advanced Russian artists who supported the revolution's goals.
Constructivism borrowed ideas from Cubism, Suprematism and Futurism, but bent
them into a new approach to making objects, one which sought to abolish the
traditional artistic concern with composition, and replace it with 'construction.' It
stressed the inherent physical characteristics of materials, rather than any symbolic
associations they might support. While seeking to express the dynamism of the
modern world, and that of the rapidly changing Russian society, Constructivists also
hoped to develop ideas that could be put to use in mass production.
MOVEMENTS: 1870 to
1930
The Bauhaus
Futurism 09 00
81 91
08 03
Suprematism
1
02
07 1
81 91
9
0
81 91

Constructivism
SURREALISM
1924 – LATE 1966
Developed out of the collapse of the Paris Dada movement in
1924, it remained powerful until WWII and maintained a
presence through the mid-1960s.
Surrealism shared the anarchic rejection of conventional

bourgeois values that motivated the Dada movement.
Powerfully influenced by Freudian theories, Surrealists sought
ways to challenge reality by expressing the unconscious in art.
SURREALISM scorn from some Surrealist reflecting his familiarity with and
colleagues. synthesis of the psychoanalytical
Freudian theory underpins Dali's theories of his time. Drawing on
Salvador Dali attempts at forging a formal and blatantly autobiographical material
May 11, 1904 (Figueres, Spain) - January 23,
visual language capable of rendering and childhood memories, Dali's work
1989 (Figueres, Spain)
his dreams and hallucinations. These is rife with often ready-interpreted
symbolism, ranging from fetishes and
Salvador Dalí was a Spanish Surrealist account for some of the iconic and
animal imagery to religious symbols.
painter who combined a hyperrealist now ubiquitous images through
style with dream-like, sexualized which Dali achieved tremendous
subject matter. His collaborations fame during his lifetime and beyond.
with Hollywood and commercial Obsessive themes of eroticism, death,
“Knowing how to look is a
ventures, alongside his notoriously and decay permeate Dali's work,
dramatic personality, earned him way of
inventing.” Salvador Dali
T
SI
TR
YE
SURREALISM
Salvador Dali : Major Works
Salvador Dali
The Persistence of Memory
1931. Oil on canvas. 24 cm × 33 cm.
This iconic and much-reproduced painting

depicts time as a series of melting watches
surrounded by swarming ants that hint at
decay, an organic process in which Dali held an
unshakeable fascination.
It is likely that Dali was using the clocks to

symbolize mortality (specifically his own) rather
than literal time, as the melting flesh in the
painting's center is loosely based on Dali's
profile. The cliffs that provide the backdrop are
taken from images of Catalonia, Dali's home.
SURREALISM
Salvador Dali : Major Works
Salvador Dali
Soft Construction with Boiled Beans
(Premonition of Civil War)
1936. Oil on canvas. 100 cm × 99 cm
This painting is an allegorical response to the Spanish Civil War

of 1936-1939, but it is also a garish and gruesome depiction of
a body destroying itself. Dali painted this work prior to General
Franco's invasion, yet it predicts the violence, anxiety, and
doom many Spaniards felt during Franco's later rule.
Soft Construction with Boiled Beans is a fine example of a Dali
composition that simultaneously expresses his sexual
obsessions as well as his political outrage.
This painting expresses the destruction during the Spanish Civil
War. The monster in this painting is self destructive just as a
Civil War is. This painting is not meant to depict choosing sides
although Dali had many reasons to choose sides in the Spanish
Civil War.
His sister was tortured and imprisoned by communist soldiers
fighting for the Republic and his good friend from art school
was murdered by a fascist firing squad[1] Dali also made this
painting look very realistic and yet continued to bring in surreal
concepts.
MOVEMENTS: 1930 to present
Minimalis
m
Kinetic Conceptual
0
Art Op Art Art
0 0
Pop Arte
0
0
0
002
491
591
Art691
Povera
7
9 1
891
991
Color
Hard-edge
Performance Art
Abstract Neo
Expressionism Painting Post Abstraction
Field Painting Minimalism Post-painterly Expressionism
ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM 1924 – MID 1960s
The most influential movement in post-war abstract painting, it
flourished in New York in the 1940s and 1950s.
The Abstract Expressionists were committed to an expressive art of
profound emotion and universal themes. They were interested in
myth and archetypal symbols, and understood painting as a
struggle between self-expression and the chaos of the unconscious.
Sometimes called the ‘New York School,’ they included both color
field painters and painters of gestural abstraction.

ARTAPP - M3 Art Movements From 1870 Present

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ART

Impressionism Art Nouveau Fauvism Cubism Dada Surrealism

The movement gained its name after a hostile

Edouard Manet Claude Monet Edgar Degas Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Impressionism was a style of representational

Edouard Manet Claude Monet Edgar Degas Pierre-Auguste Renoir

The Impressionists loosened their brushwork, and

Edouard Manet Claude Monet Edgar Degas Pierre-Auguste Renoir

As the primary talking point of the Salon des Refuses in

His 1873 painting, Impression, Sunrise, gave the

Inspired, in the 1860s, by the Realists' interest in

Boulevard des Capucines captures a scene of the hustle and bustle

The painting depicts a typical Sunday

Like other works of Renoir's early

Although Morisot was unusual for her class and

In the mother's face and dark costume Manet's

Camille Pissarro was a French Impressionist and

Camille Pissarro painted The Woodcutter in 1879,

The figure of Pissarro's woodcutter recalls the

Impressionism Art Nouveau Fauvism Cubism Dada Surrealism

Ideas: Post-Impressionists turned away from effects of light and atmosphere to

Paul Cézanne Vincent van Gogh Georges Seurat

Symbolic and highly personal meanings were important to Post-Impressionists such as

Paul Cézanne Vincent van Gogh Georges Seurat

Paul Cezanne was the preeminent French artist of the Post-Impressionist

The expressive premise for this piece is suggested by the

As if to force the issue, Louis-August is portrayed reading a

Vincent Willem van Gogh

Starry Night is often considered to be Van Gogh's

Vincent Van Gogh

Van Gogh's Sunflower series was intended to decorate the room he

Yasuda Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Tokyo, Japan bought

Vincent Van Gogh

Van Gogh's Bedroom depicts his living

Seurat's first important canvas, the Bathers is his

Seurat's Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La

Impressionism Art Nouveau Fauvism Cubism Dada Surrealism

art is erotic." Initially successful as a conventional academic

This is perhaps Klimt's most popular and renowned

From 1915 Gaudí devoted himself almost exclusively to his

Impressionism Art Nouveau Fauvism Cubism Dada Surrealism

Fauvism was the first 20th century movement in modern art.

naturalistic style to express personal feelings towards their

unmixed color, striking surface design and a bold approach to T

31 Dec 1869 (Le Cateau-Cambrésis, Nord) - 3 Nov 1954 (Nice,

Henri Matisse Henri Matisse is widely regarded as the greatest

Matisse attacked conventional portraiture with this image of his

Matisse completed a series of four blue nudes in 1952,

Impressionism Art Nouveau Fauvism Cubism Dada Surrealism

Impressionism Art Nouveau Fauvism Cubism Dada Surrealism

Cubism paved the way for geometric abstract art by putting an

who continued to explore its use of the grid, its abstract T

system of signs, and its shallow space. A

CUBISM 25 October 1881 (Málaga, Spain) - 8 April

and yet his sculpture was greatly TR

influential, and he also explored areas

as diverse as print making and

Finally, he was a famously charismatic

Pablo Picasso : Major Works

Although it is probably the single most heavily

Impressionism Art Nouveau Fauvism Cubism Dada Surrealism

In later years, Duchamp definition."

The most notorious of the readymades, Fountain was