University of Technology Sheet No.

2
Mechanical Engineering Dep. Turbines
Fluid Mechanics IV (3 rd year) 2019/2020

1- Water is delivered from a reservoir through a 1 m dia. penstock of length 6 km. The
surface of reservoir is at 670 m higher than the nozzle. The Pelton wheel has a diameter of
3 m, and the nozzle diameter is 0.18 m. The turbine has an efficiency of 85%. Assume that
the resistance coefficient (f) of the penstock is 0.015 and the head loss in the nozzle is
negligible. Calculate: (a) the power developed by the turbine. (b) the speed of the wheel
assuming ideal conditions (ϕ=0.5). (c) the torque exerted on the turbine shaft.
[14238 kW ; 349 rpm ; 390 kN.m]

2- A small impulse wheel is to be used to drive a generator at 900 rpm. The head is 100 m,
and the discharge is 40 l/s. Determine the ratio of the diameter of the wheel to the diameter
of the jet. Cv=0.98, ϕ=0.448. Assume overall efficiency of 80%.
[12]

3- Water is delivered from a reservoir through a 1.22 m diameter pipe (f=0.025), 3048 m
long to a nozzle that emits an 203 mm diameter jet that impinges on an impulse wheel.
The surface of the reservoir is at an elevation 738 m higher than the nozzle. The speed of
the wheel is 360 rpm and has a diameter of 2.7 m and a bucket angle 165 o. Assuming the
head loss through the nozzle can be expressed as (0.05 ⁄ ), where Vj is the jet
velocity. Find the following: (a) velocity of flow in the pipe. (b) flow rate. (c) speed factor.
(d) net head. (e) shaft power. (f) overall turbine efficiency. Assume W1=W2 , neglect
bearing friction.
[3.2 m/s ; 3.72 m3/s ; 0.44 ; 705 m ; 23800 kW ; 92.5%]

4- Water enters a reaction turbine at an angle of 22o and leaves the turbine radially. The
speed of the runner is 300 rpm and velocity of flow is constant at 3 m/s. Find the angle of
blades when inner and outer diameters of runner are 0.3 m and 0.6 m respectively. If the
width of the runner at inlet is 0.15 m, calculate the power developed. Thickness of blade
may be neglected.
[123.72o ; 147.5o ; 59.4 kW]

5- A reaction turbine works under a total head of 36 m. The velocity of the runner
periphery at inlet is 18 m/s. The outlet pipe of the turbine is 0.3 m dia. and the turbine is
supplied with 250 l/s. The radial velocity of flow through the wheel is the same as velocity
in the outlet pipe. Neglecting friction, determine: (a) the blade angle at inlet. (b) the guide
vane angle. (c) the power of the turbine.
[65.4o ; 10.23o ; 88.3 kW]

1
6- A reaction turbine works under a total head of 115 m. The outer diameter of runner is
1.5 m rotates at 430 rpm. The turbine is supplied with 12.3 m3/s water and the power
developed is 12500 kW. The radial velocity of flow at inlet is 9.6 m/s and the flow leaves
the runner radially at 7.2 m/s. If the summation of pressure head and elevation at runner
inlet is 60 m higher than that at runner outlet. Determine: (a) the direction and velocity of
flow leaving the fixed guide vanes. (b) the blade angle at inlet. (c) the head loss through
the runner.
[17.14o ; 111.08o ; 4.2 m]

7- An inward flow reaction turbine has external and internal diameters as 1 m and 0.6 m
respectively. The hydraulic efficiency of the turbine is 90% when the head on the turbine
is 36 m. The velocity of flow at outlet is 2.5 m/s and discharge at outlet is radial. If the
blade angle at outlet is 15o and width of the wheel is 0.1 m at inlet and outlet, determine:
(a) the guide vane angle. (b) speed of the turbine. (c) blade angle of runner at inlet. (d)
volume flow rate of turbine. (e) power developed.
[4.19o ; 297 rpm ; 17.05o ; 150 kW]
8- The internal and external diameters of an outward flow reaction turbine are 2m and 7.5
m respectively. The turbine is running at 250 rpm and rate of flow of water through the
turbine is 5 m3/s. The width of the runner is constant at inlet and outlet and is equal to 0.25
m. The head on the turbine is 150 m. Neglecting thickness of the blades and taking
discharge radial at outlet, determine: (a) blade angles at inlet and outlet. (b) velocity of
flow at inlet and outlet. [6.07o ; 3.68o ; 3.18
m/s ; 2.31 m/s]

9- A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 75% is required to produce 203 hp. It is
working under a head of 7.62 m. The peripheral velocity= √ and the radial
velocity of flow at inlet is √ . The turbine runs at 150 rpm and the hydraulic
losses in the turbine are 22% of the available energy, assuming radial discharge,
determine: (a) the guide vane angle. (b) the runner blade angle at inlet. (c) diameter of the
runner at inlet.(d) width of the runner at inlet.
[32.62o ; 37.74o ; 0.405 m ; 0.177 m]