T V NG Ielts

MIN'S IELTS CLASS
VOCABULARY FOR
IELTS
By Minh Phạm
Cambridge Vocab for IELTS – By Min’s IELTS Class
UNIT 1: GROWING UP
Relationships, families and early learning
1. adolescence /ˌædəˈlesns/: (n) the period of time in a person's life when

they are developing into an adult: giai đoạn thanh thiếu niên
She had a troubled adolescence.
2. adulthood /ˈædʌlthʊd/: (n) the part of someone's life when they are an
adult: tuổi trưởng thành, giai đoạn trưởng thành
People in England legally reach adulthood at 18.
3. bond /bɒnd/: (n) a close connection joining two or more people: mối quan
hệ, mối liên kết
In societies with strong family bonds, people tend to live longer.
4. brotherhood /ˈbrʌðəhʊd/: (n) friendship and understanding between

people: tình anh em, tình huynh đệ
The group tries to promote a spirit of brotherhood among its members.
5. character /ˈkærəktə/: (n) the particular combination of qualities in a person

or place that makes them different from others: tính cách
Politeness is traditionally part of the British character.
6. childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/: (n) the time when someone is a child: thời thơ ấu
She had an unhappy childhood.
7. conflict /ˈkɒn.flɪkt/: (n) an active disagreement between people with

opposing opinions or principles: xung đột, mâu thuẫn
There was a lot of conflict between him and his father.
8. connection /kəˈnekʃn/: (n) the state of being related to someone or

something else: sự kết nối, mối liên hệ
The connection between smoking and heart disease is well known.
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9. fatherhood /ˈfɑːðəhʊd/: (n) the state or time of being a father: cương vị

làm cha
Fatherhood is a lifelong responsibility.
10. friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/: (n) a situation in which two people are friends: tình
bạn
Their friendship goes back to when they were at school together.
11. instinct /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/: (n) the way people or animals naturally react or behave,
without having to think or learn about it: bản năng
All his instincts told him to stay near the car and wait for help.
12. interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/: (n) an occasion when two or more people or things
communicate with or react to each other: sự tương tác, tiếp xúc
There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers.
→ interact /ˌɪntəˈrækt/ with: (v) to communicate with or react to: tương tác với
Dominique's teacher says that she interacts well with the other children.
13. motherhood /ˈmʌðəhʊd/: (n) the state or time of being a mother: cương vị
làm mẹ
I don't feel ready for motherhood yet.
14. nature /ˈneɪtʃə/: (n) the type or main characteristic (of something): bản chất
What was the nature of his inquiry?
15. parent /ˈpeərənt/: (n) a mother or father of a person or an animal: bố (hoặc

mẹ)
I'm going to meet Richard's parents for the first time this weekend.
16. relation /rɪˈleɪʃn/: (n) the connection or similarity between two things: quan
hệ, sự liên quan
The relation between the original book and this new film is very faint.
17. relationship (between/ with) /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/: (n) the way in which two or more
people feel and behave towards each other: mối quan hệ
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He has a very good relationship with his uncle.
18. relative /ˈrelətɪv/: (n) a member of your family: bà con thân thuộc, họ hàng
All her distant relatives came to the wedding.
19. relative to /ˈrelətɪv/: (a) If something is relative to something else, it changes

according to the speed or level of the other thing: tương đối với
The amount of petrol a car uses is relative to its speed.
20. teenager /ˈtiːneɪdʒə/: (n) a young person between 13 and 19 years old:
thanh thiếu niên (tuổi 13 đến 19)
The magazine is aimed at teenagers and young adults.
21. temperament /ˈtemprəmənt/: (n) the part of your character that affects your
moods and the way you behave: khí chất
Their temperaments are very different.
22. tie /taɪ/: (n) the friendly feelings that people have for other people, or special
connections with places: mối ràng buộc, quan hệ
Family ties are weaker if you move a long way away.
23. active role: vai trò tích cực

24. play a role: đóng vai trò
25. family gathering: họp mặt gia đình
26. extended family: đại gia đình (≥ 3 thế hệ) (bao gồm cả cô dì chú bác…)
27. immediate family: gia đình riêng (bố mẹ, con cái)
28. maternal instinct: bản năng làm mẹ
29. sibling /ˈsɪblɪŋ/: (n) a brother or sister: anh (hoặc chị) (hoặc em)
I have four siblings: three brothers and a sister.
30. rivalry /ˈraɪvlri/: (n) a situation in which people, businesses, etc. compete
with each other for the same thing: sự cạnh tranh, ganh đua
There's such rivalry between my three sons.
31. sibling rivalry: ganh đua giữa anh chị em trong gia đình
32. stable /ˈsteɪbl/: (a) firmly fixed or not likely to move or change: ổn định
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After several part-time jobs, he's now got a stable job in a bank.
33. upbringing /ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ/: (n) the way in which you are treated and educated
when young, especially by your parents, especially in relation to the effect
that this has on how you behave and make moral decisions: sự giáo dục,
dạy dỗ
Is it right to say all the crimes he committed were simply the result of his
upbringing?
34. stable upbringing: sự nuôi dưỡng tốt, ổn định

35. resemblance /rɪˈzembləns/: (n) the fact that two people or things look like
each other or are similar in some other way: sự giống nhau
These prices bear no resemblance to (= are completely different from) the

ones I saw printed in the newspaper.
36. striking resemblance: giống nhau một cách nổi bật

37. close /kləʊs/: (a) having direct family connections or shared beliefs,
support, and sympathy: gần gũi
In those early months, there's a very close bond between mother and child.
38. close-knit /ˌkləʊs ˈnɪt/: (a) If a group of people are close-knit, they all help
and support each other: khắn khít
a close-knit family/community
39. maternal /məˈtɜːnl/: (a) related to a mother's side of the family: (thuộc) mẹ,
về phía mẹ
Her maternal grandmother (= mother's mother) is still alive.
40. paternal /pəˈtɜː.nəl/: (a) coming from or relating to someone's father or his
side of the family: (thuộc) bố, về phía bố
My paternal grandparents (= my father's parents) were Irish.
41. rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/: (a) giving a reward, especially by making you feel
satisfied that you have done something important or useful, or done
something well: bổ ích, tốt đẹp, đáng làm
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Is it a rewarding job?
42. accommodate /əˈkɒmədeɪt/: (v) to give what is needed to someone: đáp

ứng/thỏa mãn (yêu cầu của ai đó)
We certainly try to accommodate students with disabilities.
43. adopt /əˈdɒpt/
(v) to legally take another person's child into your own family and take care of
him or her as your own child: nhận làm con nuôi
They've adopted a baby girl.
(v) to accept or start to use something new: áp dụng (một phương pháp)
I think it's time to adopt a different strategy in my dealings with him.
44. break down: (v) If a system, relationship, or discussion breaks down, it fails
because there is a problem or disagreement: đổ vỡ
45. develop /dɪˈveləp/: (v) to (cause something to) grow or change into a more
advanced, larger, or stronger form: phát triển
It became clear that he wasn't developing like all the other little boys.
46. endure /ɪnˈdjʊə/:
(v) to suffer something difficult, unpleasant, or painful: chịu đựng
We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.
(v) to continue to exist for a long time: kéo dài
The political system established in 1400 endured until about 1650.
47. establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/: (v) to start having a relationship with, or

communicating with another person, company, country, or organization:
lập, tạo
There is a strong need to establish effective communication links between

staff, parents, pupils, and external bodies.
48. have sth in common: có điểm chung
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49. inherit /ɪnˈherɪt/: (v) to receive money, a house, etc. from someone after
they have died: thừa hưởng, thừa kế
Who will inherit the house when he dies?
50. nurture /ˈnɜːtʃə/: (v) to take care of, feed, and protect someone or
something, especially young children or plants, and help him, her, or it to
develop: nuôi dưỡng
She wants to stay at home and nurture her children.
51. relate (to) /rɪˈleɪt/: (v) to understand someone and be able to have a friendly
relationship with them: tương tác, hiểu và thông cảm
Many parents find it hard to relate to their children when they are teenagers.
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U N IT 2 : M E N T A L A N D P H Y S IC A L D E V E L O P M E N T
The body, the mind
1. ability /əˈbɪləti/: (n) the physical or mental power or skill needed to do something:
khả năng, năng lực
She had the ability to explain things clearly and concisely.
2. adolescent /ˌædəˈlesnt/: (n) a young person who is developing into an adult: thanh
thiếu niên
3. behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə/: (n) the way that someone behaves: hành vi
This approach can help identify common behaviors and their causes.
4. childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/: (n) the time when someone is a child: thời thơ ấu, tuổi thơ
She had an unhappy childhood.
5. concept /ˈkɒnsept/: (n) a principle or idea: khái niệm
The concept of free speech is unknown to them.
6. consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/: (n) a result of a particular action or situation, often
one that is bad or not convenient: hậu quả, kết quả
I told the hairdresser to do what she wanted to my hair, and look at the consequences!
7. gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/: (n) a movement of the hands, arms, or head, etc. to express an
idea or feeling: điệu bộ
She made a rude gesture at the other driver.
8. gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/: (v) to use a gesture to express or emphasize something: ra
dấu, ra điệu bộ
He made no answer but walked on, gesturing for me to follow.
9. growth /ɡrəʊθ/: (n) the growth of a person, animal, or plant is its process of
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increasing in size: sự phát triển
A balanced diet is essential for healthy growth.
10. height /haɪt/: (n) the distance from the top to the bottom of something, or the quality
of being tall: chiều cao
The sheer height of New York's skyscrapers is so impressive.
11. imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/: (n) the ability to form pictures in the mind: sự tưởng
tượng, óc tưởng tượng
I can never make up stories - I have absolutely no imagination.
12. infant /ˈɪnfənt/: (n) a baby or a very young child: trẻ sơ sinh
13. infancy /ˈɪnfənsi/: (n) the time when someone is a baby or a very young child: giai
đoạn sơ sinh
Her youngest child died in infancy.
14. knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/: (n) understanding of or information about a subject that you
get by experience or study, either known by one person or by people generally:
kiến thức
He has a limited knowledge of French.
15. mature /məˈtʃʊə/: (a) mature people behave like adults in a way that shows they
are well developed emotionally: trưởng thành >< immature /ˌɪməˈtjʊə/: (a) non
nớt, chưa trưởng thành
He's very mature for his age.
→ mature /məˈtʃʊə/: (v) to become more developed mentally and emotionally and behave
in a responsible way: trưởng thành
Girls are said to mature faster than boys.
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→ maturity /məˈtʃʊərəti/: (n) sự trưởng thành
How long does it take for the chicks to grow to maturity?
16. memory /ˈmeməri/: (n) the ability to remember information, experiences, and
people: trí nhớ
She has an excellent memory for names (= she can remember names easily).
17. milestone /ˈmaɪlstəʊn/: (n) an important event in the development or history of
something or in someone's life: cột mốc, bước ngoặc
He felt that moving out of his parents' home was a real milestone in his life.
18. mind /maɪnd/: (n) the part of a person that makes it possible for him or her to think,
feel emotions, and understand things: đầu óc, tâm trí
Her mind was full of what had happened the night before, and she just wasn't
concentrating.
19. peer /pɪə/: (n) a person who is the same age or has the same social position or
the same abilities as other people in a group: bạn bè
Do you think it's true that teenage girls are less self-confident than their male peers?
20. period /ˈpɪəriəd/: (n) a length of time: giai đoạn
Her work means that she spends long periods away from home.
21. phase /feɪz/: (n) any stage in a series of events or in a process of development:
giai đoạn
We're entering a new phase in international relations.
22. stage /steɪdʒ/: (n) a part of an activity or a period of development: bước, giai đoạn
The project is in its final stages and should be completed by August.
23. rate /reɪt/: (n) the speed at which something happens or changes, or the amount
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or number of times it happens or changes in a particular period: tốc độ, tỉ lệ
Although she's recovering from her illness, her rate of progress is quite slow.
24. social /ˈsəʊʃl/: (a) relating to activities in which you meet and spend time with other
people and that happen during the time when you are not working: (thuộc) xã hội
I had an active social life when I was at college.
25. skill /skɪl/: (n) an ability to do an activity or job well, especially because you have
practised it: kỹ năng, sự khéo léo
Ruth had/possessed great writing skills.
26. toddler /ˈtɒdlə/: (n) a young child, especially one who is learning or has recently
learned to walk: trẻ biết đi chập chững
27. transition /trænˈzɪʃn/: (n) changes, which may be social, legal, or medical, that
lead to someone living their life as a person of a different gender to the one they
were said to have at birth: sự chuyển tiếp
She began her transition from male to female almost seven years ago.
28. abstract /ˈæbstrækt/: (a) existing as an idea, feeling, or quality, not as a material
object: trừu tượng
Truth and beauty are abstract concepts.
29. cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/: (a) connected with thinking or conscious mental processes:
thuộc nhận thức
Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired.
30. clumsy /ˈklʌmzi/: (a) a clumsy person often has accidents because they do not
behave in a careful, controlled way: vụng về
That's the third glass you've smashed this week - you're so clumsy!
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31. fond /fɒnd/: (a) [before noun] happy and loving: (trước danh từ) yêu dấu, tốt đẹp
Many of us have fond memories of our childhoods.
32. fully-grown /ˈfʊli-ɡrəʊn/: (a) people and other living things that are fully-grown
have finished their physical growth and will not grow taller: hoàn toàn trưởng
thành
A fully-grown giraffe is 5.5 m tall.
33. independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/: (a) not influenced or controlled in any way by other
people, events, or things: độc lập
They all made the same comment, quite independent of each other.
34. irresponsible /ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl/: (a) not thinking enough or not worrying about the
possible results of what you do: vô trách nhiệm
It would be irresponsible to ignore these warnings.
35. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/: (a) having patience: kiên nhẫn
Be patient with her - she's very young.
36. rebellious /rɪˈbeljəs/: (a) If someone is rebellious, they are difficult to control and
do not behave in the way that is expected: nổi loạn
Her teachers regard her as a rebellious, trouble-making girl.
37. significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/: (a) important or noticeable: quan trọng, đáng kể
There has been a significant increase in the number of women students in recent years.
38. tolerant /ˈtɒlərənt/: (a) able to deal with something unpleasant or annoying, or to
continue existing despite bad or difficult conditions: chịu đựng, có sức chịu
đựng, bao dung
I think men are less tolerant of stress than women.
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39. acquire /əˈkwaɪə/: (v) to obtain or begin to have something: đạt được, tiếp thu
She acquired her love of the outdoors as a child.
40. develop /dɪˈveləp/: (v) to (cause something to) grow or change into a more
advanced, larger, or stronger form: phát triển
It became clear that he wasn't developing like all the other little boys.
41. grow /ɡrəʊ/: (v) to increase in size or amount, or to become more advanced or
developed: mọc, phát triển
Children grow so quickly.
42. imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/: (v) to behave in a similar way to someone or something else, or
to copy the speech or behaviour, etc. of someone or something: bắt chước
Some of the younger pop bands try to imitate their musical heroes from the past.
43. look back /lʊk bæk/: (v) to think about something that happened in the past: nhìn
lại, nhớ lại, nghĩ lại
When I look back, I can see where we went wrong.
44. master /ˈmɑːstə/: (v) to learn how to do something well: nắm vững, thông thạo
She lived in Italy for several years but never quite mastered the language.
45. remember /rɪˈmembə/: (v) to be able to bring back a piece of information into your
mind, or to keep a piece of information in your memory: nhớ
I can remember people's faces, but not their names.
46. remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/: (v) to make someone think of something they have forgotten or
might have forgotten: nhắc nhớ, nhắc nhở
Could you remind Paul about dinner on Saturday?
→ reminder /rɪˈmaɪndə/: (n) a written or spoken message that reminds someone to do
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something: lời nhắc nhớ, sự nhắc nhở
If he forgot to pay his rent, his landlady would send him a reminder.
47. reminisce /ˌremɪˈnɪs/: (v) to talk or write about past experiences that you
remember with pleasure: hồi tưởng, nhớ lại
My grandfather used to reminisce about his years in the navy.
48. throw a tantrum: to experience and show a strong feeling of anger, especially
suddenly: nổi giận, nổi cơn thịnh nộ
My mother threw a tantrum when she saw what a mess we'd made of her kitchen.
49. visualize /ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz/: (v) to form a picture of someone or something in your mind,
in order to imagine or remember him, her, or it: hình dung/hiển thị hóa
I was so surprised when he turned up - I'd visualized someone much older.
50. typically /ˈtɪpɪkli/: (adv) used when you are giving an average or usual example of
a particular thing: điển hình, thường thấy
Typically, a doctor will see about 30 patients a day.
51. bear in mind: to remember a piece of information when you are making a decision
or thinking about a matter: ghi nhớ, nhớ
Bearing in mind how young she is, I thought she did really well.
52. broaden the mind: to make someone understand more and know more about
different subjects, ideas, places, etc.: mở rộng đầu óc
They say that travel broadens the mind.
53. have something in mind: to have a plan or intention: có ý tưởng, nghĩ đến
(dùng người nào/vật nào cho việc gì)
Did you have anything in mind for Helen's present?
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54. keep an open mind: to wait until you know all the facts before forming an opinion
or making a decision about something: giữ thái độ trung lập (không vội phán
xét)
The judge urged the jury to keep an open mind until they had heard all the evidence.
55. put your mind at ease: to stop someone from worrying about something: thư
giãn, không phải lo lắng gì nữa
Chris phoned to say they'd arrived safely, so that really put my mind at ease.
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UNIT 3: KEEPING FIT

Diet, health and exercise
1. allergy /ˈælədʒi/: (n) a condition that makes a person become sick or develop skin
or breathing problems because they have eaten certain foods or been near certain
substances: dị ứng, chứng dị ứng
an allergy to wheat
2. allergic /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/: (a) having an allergy: dị ứng
I'm allergic to cats.
3. anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/: (n) an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about
something that is happening or might happen in the future: sự lo lắng
4. appetite /ˈæpɪtaɪt/: (n) the feeling that you want to eat food: sự ngon miệng, sự
thèm ăn
Both viruses cause fever and loss of appetite.
5. artery /ˈɑːtəri/: (n) one of the thick tubes that carry blood from the heart to other
parts of the body: động mạch
6. asset /ˈæset/: (n) a useful or valuable quality, skill, or person: tài sản, vật quý
He'll be a great asset to the team.
7. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/: (n) a helpful or good effect, or something intended to help: lợi ích
8. craving /ˈkreɪvɪŋ/: (n) a strong feeling of wanting something: sự thèm muốn, lòng
khao khát (count.)
I have a craving for chocolate.
9. depression /dɪˈpreʃn/: (n) a mental illness in which a person is very unhappy and
anxious (= worried and nervous) for long periods and cannot have a normal life
during these periods: trầm cảm
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10. diagnosis /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs /: (n) a judgment about what a particular illness or
problem is, made after examining it: chuẩn đoán
11. diet / ˈdaɪət /: (n) the food and drink usually eaten or drunk by a person or group:
chế độ ăn uống, thức ăn (thường hay ăn)
The children seem to exist on a diet of fried food.
12. dietician /ˌdaɪəˈtɪʃn /: (n) a person who scientifically studies and gives advice about
food and eating: chuyên gia dinh dưỡng
13. disease /dɪˈziːz /: (n) (an) illness of people, animals, plants, etc., caused by
infection or a failure of health rather than by an accident: bệnh
14. eating disorder /dɪsˈɔːdə(r)/: (n) a mental illness in which people eat far too little or
far too much food and are unhappy with their bodies: rối loạn
15. exercise /ˈeksəsaɪz /: (n) physical activity that you do to make your body strong
and healthy: bài tập thể dục
16. factor /ˈfæktə(r)/: (n) a fact or situation that influences the result of something:
nhân tố
17. fast food /fɑːst fuːd/: (n) hot food such as hamburgers that is quick to cook or is
already cooked and is therefore served very quickly in a restaurant: thức ăn
nhanh
18. fat /fæt/: (a) the substance under the skin of humans and animals that stores
energy and keeps them warm: mập, béo
19. harm /hɑːm /: (n) physical or other injury or damage: sự gây hại
20. harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/: (a) causing harm: có hại
This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to people with asthma.
21. health /helθ /: (n) the condition of the body and the degree to which it is free from
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illness, or the state of being well: sức khỏe
to be in good/poor health
22. healthy /ˈhelθi/: (a) strong and well: lành mạnh, khỏe mạnh
23. heart attack /hɑːt əˈtæk /: (n) a serious medical condition in which the heart does
not get enough blood, causing great pain and often leading to death: đau tim
24. infection /ɪnˈfekʃn /: (n) a disease in a part of your body that is caused by bacteria
or a virus: nhiễm, lây nhiễm, nhiễm trùng
25. ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt /: (n) a food that is used with other foods in the preparation
of a particular dish: thành phần
26. insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmniə /: (n) the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period of
time: chứng mất ngủ
27. intake /ˈɪnteɪk /: (n) an act of taking in something, especially breath: sự lấy vào,
sự hấp thu
28. junk food /dʒʌŋk fuːd/: food that is unhealthy but is quick and easy to eat: thức ăn
rác = unhealthy food
29. muscle /ˈmʌsl/: (n) one of many tissues in the body that can tighten and relax to
produce movement: cơ bắp
30. nutrient /ˈnjuːtriənt/: (n) any substance that plants or animals need in order to live
and grow: chất dinh dưỡng
31. nutrition /njuˈtrɪʃn/: (n) the substances that you take into your body as food and the
way that they influence your health: dinh dưỡng, sự nuôi dưỡng
32. obesity /əʊˈbiːsəti/: (n) the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous
for health: béo phì
33. onset /ˈɒnset/: (n) the beginning of something: sự bắt đầu
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We have to get the roof fixed before the onset of winter.
34. portion /ˈpɔːʃn/: (n) the amount of a particular food that is served to one person,
especially in a restaurant or a shop that sells food ready to be eaten: khẩu phần,
phần
The portions are very generous in this restaurant.
35. risk /rɪsk/: (n) the possibility of something bad happening: rủi ro, nguy cơ
There's a high risk of another accident happening in this fog.
36. serving /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/: (n) an amount of one type of food that is given to one person:
phần ăn, suất ăn
The quantities given in the recipe should be enough for four servings.
37. stress /stres/: (n) great worry caused by a difficult situation, or something that
causes this condition: căng thẳng, xì-trét
People under a lot of stress may experience headaches, minor pains, and sleeping
difficulties.
38. stroke /strəʊk/: (n) a sudden change in the blood supply to a part of the brain,
sometimes causing a loss of the ability to move particular parts of the body: đột
quỵ
She suffered/had a stroke that left her unable to speak.
39. treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/: (n) the use of drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a person of an
illness or injury: sự điều trị, thuốc men, phương pháp điều trị
There are various treatments for this complaint.
40. therapy /ˈθerəpi/: (n) a treatment that helps someone feel better, grow stronger,
etc., especially after an illness: trị liệu, liệu pháp
Joining a club can be a therapy for loneliness.
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41. variety /vəˈraɪəti/: (n) many different types of things or people: sự đa dạng
She does a variety of fitness activities.
42. weight /weɪt/: (n) the amount that something or someone weighs: khối lượng, cân
nặng
43. acute /əˈkjuːt/: (a) an acute pain or illness is one that quickly becomes very severe:
cấp tính, buốt, sắc sảo
44. alternate /ɔːlˈtɜːnət/: (a) with first one thing, then another thing, and then the first
thing again: luân phiên, xen kẽ
a dessert with alternate layers of chocolate and cream
45. brisk /brɪsk/: (a) quick, energetic, and active: nhanh
46. chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/: (a) (especially of a disease or something bad) continuing for a
long time: kinh niên, mạn tính
chronic diseases/conditions
There is a chronic shortage of teachers.
47. infectious /ɪnˈfekʃəs/: (a) (of a disease) able to be passed from one person,
animal, or plant to another: lây nhiễm
48. moderate /ˈmɒdərət/: (a) neither small nor large in size, amount, degree, or
strength: điều độ, đều
The cabin is of moderate size - just right for a small family.
49. obese /əʊˈbiːs/: (a) extremely fat in a way that is dangerous for health: béo phì
50. overweight /ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/: (a) fat: quá cân
51. persistent /pəˈsɪstənt/: (a) lasting for a long time or difficult to get rid of: dai dẳng,
kiên trì
There have been persistent rumours that the principal might take early retirement.
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52. regular /ˈreɡjələ(r)/: (a) happening or doing something often: đều đặn
53. vital /ˈvaɪtl/: (a) necessary for the success or continued existence of something;
extremely important: thiết yếu
A strong opposition is vital to a healthy democracy.
54. avoid /əˈvɔɪd/: (v) to stay away from someone or something: tránh
55. counteract /ˌkaʊntərˈækt/: (v) to reduce or remove the effect of something
unwanted by producing an opposite effect: trung hòa, chống lại
Drinking a lot of water counteracts the dehydrating effects of hot weather.
56. curb /kɜːb/: (v) to control or limit something that is not wanted: kiểm soát, kiềm
chế
The government should act to curb tax evasion.
57. cure /kjʊə(r)/: (v) to make someone with an illness healthy again: chữa trị
58. diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/: (v) to reduce or be reduced in size or importance: làm giảm
bớt, thu nhỏ
These memories will not be diminished by time.
59. disrupt /dɪsˈrʌpt/: (v) to prevent something, especially a system, process, or event,
from continuing as usual or as expected: cản trở, làm gián đoạn, ngắt
Heavy snow disrupted travel into the city this morning.
60. eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/: (v) to remove or take away someone or something: loại bỏ
A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease.
61. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/: (v) to continue to have; to keep in existence, or not allow to
become less: duy trì
62. overdo /ˌəʊvəˈduː/: (v) to do something in a way that is too extreme: làm quá mức
After a heart attack you have to be careful not to overdo things (= you have to work and
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live calmly).
63. overeat /ˌəʊvərˈiːt/: (v) to eat more food than your body needs, especially so that
you feel uncomfortably full: ăn quá nhiều
64. prevent /prɪˈvent/: (v) to stop something from happening or someone from doing
something: ngăn chặn, ngăn ngừa
His disability prevents him from driving.
65. recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/: (v) to suggest that someone or something would be
good or suitable for a particular job or purpose, or to suggest that a particular action
should be done: khuyến cáo, đề nghị
66. recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/: (v) to become completely well again after an illness or injury:
phục hồi
It took her a long time to recover from her heart operation.
67. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/: (v) to become or to make something become smaller in size,
amount, degree, importance, etc.: giảm
68. skip /skɪp/: (v) to not do or not have something that you usually do or that you
should do; to avoid: bỏ qua
69. stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/: (v) to encourage something to grow, develop, or become
active: kích thích
The government plans to cut taxes in order to stimulate the economy.
70. trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/: (v) to cause something to start: kích hoạt, gây ra, khơi mào
Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.
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UNIT 4: LIFESTYLES
Life, leisure
1. activity /ækˈtɪvəti/: (n) the situation in which a lot of things are happening or
people are moving around: hoạt động
2. aspect /ˈæspekt/: (n) one part of a situation, problem, subject, etc.: khía cạnh,
mặt
3. attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/: (n) a feeling or opinion about something or someone, or a
way of behaving that is caused by this: thái độ
4. (achieve a) balance /ˈbæləns/: đạt được sự cân bằng
5. competition /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/: (n) a situation in which someone is trying to win
something or be more successful than someone else: cạnh tranh
6. creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvɪti/: (n) the ability to produce or use original and unusual
ideas: sự sáng tạo
7. daily routine /ˈdeɪli ruːˈtiːn/: (n) thói quen hàng ngày
8. desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/: (n) a strong feeling that you want something: khao khát
I certainly have no desire to have children.
9. disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/: (n) the feeling of being disappointed: thất
vọng
10. experience /ɪkˈspɪərɪəns/: (n) (the process of getting) knowledge or skill from
doing, seeing, or feeling things: kinh nghiệm, trải nghiệm
11. fulfillment /fʊlˈfɪlmənt/: (n) a feeling of pleasure because you are getting what
you want from life: sự thỏa mãn, hạnh phúc
12. goal /ɡəʊl/: (n) an aim or purpose: mục tiêu
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13. hobby /ˈhɒbi/: (n) an activity that someone does for pleasure when they are not
working: sở thích
14. insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/: (n) (the ability to have) a clear, deep, and sometimes sudden
understanding of a complicated problem or situation: sự am hiểu
It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insights into human relationships.
15. leisure /ˈleʒə/: (n) the time when you are not working or doing other duties: thời
gian nhàn rỗi, giải trí
16. lifestyle /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/: (n) someone's way of living; the things that a person or
particular group of people usually do: lối sống, phong cách sống
17. optimist /ˈɒptɪmɪst/: (n) người lạc quan
18. outlook /ˈaʊtlʊk/: (n) a person's way of understanding and thinking about
something: quan điểm
He has a fairly positive outlook on life.
19. opportunity /ɒpəˈtjuːnɪti/: (n) an occasion or situation that makes it possible to
do something that you want to do or have to do, or the possibility of doing
something: cơ hội
Everyone will have an opportunity to comment.
20. personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/: (n) the type of person you are, shown by the way you
behave, feel, and think: tính cách
21. pessimist /ˈpesɪmɪst/: (n) a person who thinks that bad things are more likely to
happen or who emphasizes the bad part of a situation: người bi quan
22. priority /praɪˈɒrəti/: (n) something that is very important and must be dealt with
before other things: sự ưu tiên
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Banks normally give priority to large businesses when deciding on loans (= they deal
with them first because they consider them most important).
23. pressure /ˈpreʃə/: (n) the act of trying to make someone else do something by
arguing, persuading, etc.: áp lực
She's putting pressure on him (= trying to persuade him) to get married.
24. risk-taker /rɪsk ˈteɪkə/: (n) someone who often takes risks: người mạo hiểm
25. self-expression /ˌself ɪkˈspreʃn/: (n) expression of your personality, emotions, or
ideas, especially through art, music, or acting: tự thể hiện
26. sense /sens/: (n) an ability to understand, recognize, value, or react to
something, especially any of the five physical abilities to see, hear, smell, taste,
and feel: giác quan, cảm giác
27. active /ˈæktɪv/: (a) busy with a particular activity: chủ động, tích cực
28. bored /bɔːd/: (a) feeling unhappy because something is not interesting or
because you have nothing to do: chán
He was getting bored with/of doing the same thing every day.
29. confused /kənˈfjuːzd/: (a) unable to think clearly or to understand something: bị
bối rối, rối rắm
Grandpa gets pretty confused sometimes, and doesn't even know what day it is.
30. dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪd/: (a) not pleased with something; feeling that
something is not as good as it should be: không bằng lòng, bất mãn
If you're dissatisfied with the service, why don't you complain to the hotel manager?
31. intense /ɪnˈtens/: (a) extreme and forceful or (of a feeling) very strong: mạnh,
mãnh liệt
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32. materialistic /məˌtɪərɪəˈlɪstɪk/: (a) believing that having money and possessions
is the most important thing in life: thực dụng, thiên về vật chất
33. negative /ˈneɡətɪv/: (a) bad or harmful: tiêu cực
The warm winter has had a very negative effect/impact on the ski industry.
34. outdoor /ˈaʊtdɔː/: (a) existing, happening, or done outside, rather than inside a
building: ngoài trời
35. positive /ˈpɒzɪtɪv/: (a) full of hope and confidence, or giving cause for hope and
confidence: tích cực
36. recreational /rekriˈeɪʃənl/: (a) connected with ways of enjoying yourself when you
are not working: (thuộc) giải trí, tiêu khiển
recreational activities/facilities
Recreational fishing is allowed on the river.
37. successful /səkˈsesfʊl/: (a) having achieved a lot, become popular, and/or made
a lot of money: thành công
38. achieve (a goal) /əˈtʃiːv/: đạt được mục tiêu
39. appeal /əˈpiːl/: (v) to interest or attract someone: lôi cuốn, hấp dẫn
I think what appeals to me about his painting is his use of colour.
40. attract /əˈtrækt/: (v) If something attracts you, or you are attracted by it, you like
it and find it interesting: thu hút
41. choose /tʃuːz/: (v) to decide what you want from two or more things or
possibilities: lựa chọn
She had to choose between the two men in her life.
42. express /ɪkˈspres/: (v) to show a feeling, opinion, or fact: diễn tả, thể hiện
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43. enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/: (v) to get pleasure from something: tận hưởng, thích
44. fulfil /fʊlˈfɪl/: (v) to do something that is expected, hoped for, or promised, or to
cause it to happen: làm thỏa mãn, đáp ứng
A school fails if it does not fulfil the needs/requirements of its pupils.
45. improve /ɪmˈpruːv/: (v) to (cause something to) get better: cải thiện
46. motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/: (v) to make someone want to do something well: thúc
đẩy, tạo động lực
Teaching is all about motivating people to learn.
47. participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/: (v) to take part in or become involved in an activity:
tham gia
She never participates in any of our discussions, does she?
48. regret /rɪˈɡret/: (v) to feel sorry about a situation, especially something sad or
wrong or a mistake that you have made: hối tiếc, hối hận
49. relax /rɪˈlæks/: (v) to (cause someone to) become less active and more calm and
happy, or to (cause a part of the body to) become less stiff: thư giãn
50. satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/: (v) to please someone by giving them what they want or
need: làm thỏa mãn, làm hài lòng
They have 31 flavours of ice cream - enough to satisfy everyone!
51. lead a happy life: sống một cuộc sống hạnh phúc
52. live life on the edge: sống táo bạo, mạo hiểm
53. live life to the full: sống hết mình
54. make a choice: lựa chọn
55. make a decision: ra quyết định
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56. make a living: kiếm sống
57. meet a need: đáp ứng nhu cầu
58. miss (an opportunity): bỏ lỡ (cơ hội)
59. play a role: đóng vai trò
60. put pressure on: tạo áp lực
61. set (a goal): đặt mục tiêu
62. take part (in): tham gia vào
63. work hard for a living: làm việc vất vả để kiếm sống
64. all walks of life: mọi thành phần xã hội
In my work I see people from all walks of life.
65. cost of living: chi phí sinh hoạt
66. lifelong ambition: tham vọng cả đời
67. living expenses: chi phí sinh hoạt, chi phí sống
68. once-in-a-lifetime opportunity: cơ hội ngàn năm có một
69. standard of living: mức sống
70. way of life: cách sống, lối sống
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UNIT 5: STUDENT LIFE
Study, education, research
1. assignment /əˈsaɪnmənt/: (n) bài tập
2. college /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/: (n) a university where you can study for an undergraduate (=
first) degree: đại học, cao đẳng
3. controversy /ˈkɒntrəvəːsi/: (n) a lot of disagreement or argument about
something, usually because it affects or is important to many people: tranh cãi,
tranh luận
There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.
4. curriculum /kəˈrɪkjʊləm/: (n) the subjects studied in a school, college, etc. and
what each subject includes: chương trình học
5. dissertation /ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn/: (n) a long piece of writing on a particular subject,
especially one that is done in order to receive a degree at college or university:
bài nghị luận, bài luận văn
Ann did her dissertation on Baudelaire.
6. education /edjʊˈkeɪʃn/: (n) giáo dục
7. exam /ɪɡˈzam/: (n) kì thi
8. field /fiːld/: (n) lĩnh vực
9. findings /ˈfaɪndɪŋz/: (n) information that has been discovered esp. by detailed
study (usually plural): phát hiện, kết quả
10. funding /ˈfʌndɪŋ/: (n) (uncount.) money given by a government or organization
for an event or activity: tài trợ, tiền tài trợ
Alisha is trying to get funding for her research.
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11. grade /ɡreɪd/: (n) cấp, lớp
12. graduation /ɡrædʒʊˈeɪʃn/: (n) tốt nghiệp
13. grant /ɡrɑːnt/: (n) an amount of money given especially by the government to a
person or organization for a special purpose: trợ cấp
They gave her a grant to study abroad for one year.
14. high school /haɪ skuːl/: (n) trường cấp 3
15. homework /ˈhəʊmwəːk/: (n) bài tập về nhà
16. junior school /ˈdʒuːnɪə skuːl/: (n) trường cấp 2
17. kindergarten /ˈkɪndəɡɑːtn/: (n) trường mẫu giáo
18. lecturer /ˈlektʃərə/: (n) someone who teaches at a college or university: giảng
viên
19. library /ˈlaɪbrəri/: (n) thư viện
20. limit /ˈlɪmɪt/: (n) giới hạn, phạm vi
21. master /ˈmastər /: (n) cấp học thạc sĩ, cao học
22. nursery /ˈnɜːsəri/: (n) nhà trẻ
23. PhD /piːeɪtʃˈdiː/: (n) cấp học tiến sĩ
24. primary school /ˈpraɪməri skuːl/: (n) trường tiểu học
25. program /ˈprəʊɡræm/: (n) chương trình
26. project /ˈprɒdʒekt/: (n) dự án
27. research /rɪˈsəːtʃ/: (n) nghiên cứu
28. resource /rɪˈsɔːs/: (n) nguồn, phương sách
29. result /rɪˈzʌlt/: (n) kết quả
30. scholarship /ˈskɒləʃɪp/: (n) an amount of money given by a school, college,
29
university, or other organization to pay for the studies of a person with great
ability but little money: học bổng
He won a scholarship to Harvard.
31. scope /skəʊp/: (n) the range of a subject covered by a book, programme,
discussion, class, etc.: phạm vi, tầm vực
I'm afraid that problem is beyond the scope of my lecture.
32. secondary school /ˈsekəndri skuːl/: (n) trường cấp 2
33. source /sɔːs/: (n) nguồn
34. syllabus /ˈsɪləbəs/: (n) a plan showing the subjects or books to be studied in a
particular course: đề cương chương trình học
35. task /tɑːsk/: (n) a piece of work to be done, especially one done regularly,
unwillingly, or with difficulty: nhiệm vụ
We usually ask interviewees to perform a few simple tasks on the computer just to test
their aptitude.
36. theory /ˈθɪəri/: (n) a formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is
based or of ideas that are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more
generally, an opinion or explanation: lý thuyết, quan điểm, niềm tin
37. thesis /ˈθiːsɪs/: (n) a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one
that is done for a higher college or university degree: luận văn
a doctoral thesis (= for a PhD)
38. tutor /ˈtjuːtə/: (n) a teacher at a British college or university who teaches one
student or a small group: gia sư, thầy phụ đạo
His tutor encouraged him to read widely in philosophy.
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39. topic /ˈtɒpɪk/: (n) chủ đề
40. university /juːnɪˈvəːsɪti/: (n) a place where people study for an undergraduate (=
first) or postgraduate (= higher level) degree: trường đại học
41. academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/: (a) học thuật
42. eligible /ˈelɪdʒəbl/: (a) having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary
conditions: đủ tư cách, thích hợp
Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.
Are you eligible for early retirement?
43. mixed /mɪkst/: (a) trộn lẫn, hỗn hợp
44. postgraduate /ˌpəʊstˈɡrædʒuət/: (a) sau đại học
45. relevant /ˈreləvənt/: (a) connected with what is happening or being discussed:
liên quan
Education should be relevant to the child's needs.
46. senior /ˈsiːniə/: (a) cao hơn (về cấp, bậc, chức…)
47. single-sex /ˈsɪŋɡl seks/: (a) trường một giới
48. studious /ˈstjuːdiəs/: (a) chăm chỉ
49. work-related /wɜːk rɪˈleɪtɪd/: (a) liên quan công việc
50. adopt /əˈdɒpt/: (v) chấp thuận, nhận làm con nuôi
51. analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/: (v) phân tích
52. conduct / kənˈdʌkt/: (v) thực hiện
53. concentrate /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/: (v) tập trung
I can't concentrate on my work with all that noise.
54. consider / kənˈsɪdə/: (v) to believe someone or something to be, or think of him,
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her, or it as something: xem xét, đánh giá là
He is currently considered (to be) the best British athlete.
55. find out /faɪnd aʊt/: (v) tìm ra
56. graduate /ˈɡrædʒʊeit/: (v) tốt nghiệp
57. learn (about) /ləːn/: (v) học (về gì đó)
58. organize /ˈɔːɡ(ə)nʌɪz/: (v) tổ chức
59. overcome /əʊvəˈkʌm/: (v) to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with
something: vượt qua
to overcome difficulties/obstacles/problems/resistance
60. review / rɪˈvjuː/: (v) xem lại
61. revise /rɪˈvaɪz/: (v) ôn bài, xem lại bài
62. struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/: (v) to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order
to do something: cố gắng làm điều gì đó
I've been struggling to understand this article all afternoon.
63. take (a course) /teɪk/: tham dự một khóa học
64. relatively /ˈrelətɪvli/: (adv) in comparison with other similar things or with what
you expect: khá là
A few states across the country have remained in relatively good shape.
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UNIT 6: EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Language, linguistics
1. accuracy /ˈækjərəsi/: (n) sự chính xác
2. communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/: (n) giao tiếp
3. concept /ˈkɒnsept/: (n) khái niệm
4. conjecture /kənˈdʒektʃə/: (v) to guess, based on the appearance of a
situation and not on proof: phỏng đoán
We'll never know exactly how she died; we can only conjecture.
5. dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/: (n) tiếng địa phương, phương ngữ
The poem is written in northern dialect.
6. fluency /ˈfluːənsi/: (n) sự lưu loát, trôi chảy
7. gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/: (n) a movement of the hands, arms, or head, etc. to
express an idea or feeling: điệu bộ, cử chỉ
She made a rude gesture at the other driver.
8. hesitation /ˌhezɪˈteɪʃn/: (n) the act of pausing before doing something,
especially because you are nervous or not certain: sự do dự, ấp úng
I have no hesitation in recommending Ms Shapur for the job.
9. language /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/: (n) ngôn ngữ
10. language barrier /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˈbæriər/: (n) rào cản ngôn ngữ
11. linguist /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/: (n) nhà ngôn ngữ học
12. linguistics /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/: (n) the scientific study of the structure and
development of language in general or of particular languages: ngành ngôn
ngữ học
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13. means of communication /miːnz/: phương tiện giao tiếp
Television is an increasingly important means of communication.
14. mother tongue /tʌŋ/: (n) tiếng mẹ đẻ
15. native speaker /ˈneɪtɪv ˈspiːkə/: (n) người bản ngữ
16. pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/: (n) phát âm
17. sign language /saɪn ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/: (n) a system of hand and body movements
representing words, used by and to people who cannot hear or talk: ngôn
ngữ kí hiệu
18. vocabulary /vəˈkæbjəleri/: (n) từ vựng
19. incoherent /ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrənt/: (a) expressed in a way that is not clear, especially
with ideas or words that are not connected in a sensible or clear way: rời rạc,
không mạch lạc
The talk she gave was incoherent and badly prepared.
20. inherent /ɪnˈhɪrənt/: (a) existing as a natural or basic part of something: cố
hữu, vốn có
I have an inherent distrust of lawyers.
21. sophisticated /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/: (a) intelligent or made in a complicated way
and therefore able to do complicated tasks: phức tạp, tinh vi
I think a more sophisticated approach is needed to solve this problem.
22. spontaneous /spɒnˈteɪniəs/: (a) happening or done in a natural, often
sudden way, without any planning or without being forced: tự nhiên, tự phát
His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.
23. clarify /ˈklærəfaɪ/: (v) to make something clear or easier to understand by
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giving more details or a simpler explanation: làm rõ, làm sáng sủa
Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely.
24. communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/: (v) to share information with others by
speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals: giao tiếp
We can now communicate instantly with people on the other side of the world.
25. comprehend /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhend/: (v) to understand something completely: hiểu
rõ, hiểu thấu đáo
He doesn't seem to comprehend the scale of the problem
26. conclude /kənˈkluːd/: (v) kết luận
27. confirm /kənˈfɜːrm/: (v) xác nhận
28. converse /kənˈvɜːrs/: (v) to have a conversation with someone: giao tiếp
She's so shy that conversing with her can be pretty hard.
29. define /dɪˈfʌɪn/: (v) định nghĩa
30. demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/: (v) chứng minh
31. distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/: (v) to notice or understand the difference between
two things, or to make one person or thing seem different from another: phân
biệt
I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing Spanish from Portuguese.
It's important to distinguish between business and pleasure.
32. emerge /ɪˈməːdʒ/: (v) to appear by coming out of something or out from
behind something: xuất hiện, nổi lên
She emerged from the sea, blue with cold.
33. evolve /iˈvɒlv/: (v) to develop gradually, or to cause something or someone to
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develop gradually: phát triển, tiến hóa
The company has evolved over the years into a multi-million-dollar organization.
34. explain /ɪkˈspleɪn/: (v) giải thích
35. express /ɪkˈspres/: (v) thể hiện, diễn tả
36. gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/: (v) to use a gesture to express or emphasize something:
ra dấu, ra hiệu, ra điệu bộ
When he asked where the children were, she gestured vaguely in the direction of the
beach.
He made no answer but walked on, gesturing for me to follow.
37. illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/: (v) minh họa
38. imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/: (v) to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it
directly: ngụ ý
I'm not implying anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight?
39. indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/: (v) chỉ ra
40. pronounce /prəˈnaʊns/: (v) phát âm
41. recall /rɪˈkɔːl/: (v) nhớ lại
42. refer to /rɪˈfɜːr/: (v) ám chỉ đến
43. signify /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/: (v) to be a sign of something; to mean: biểu thị, có nghĩa
The number 30 on a road sign signifies that the speed limit is 30 miles an hour.
44. state /steɪt/: (v) nói, phát biểu
45. stutter /ˈstʌtə/: (v) nói lắp, nói cà lăm
46. suggest /səˈdʒest/: (v) đề nghị
47. translate /trænsˈleɪt/: (v) dịch
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48. there is something to be said for: có ưu điểm, có mặt tốt
49. needless to say: rõ ràng là
50. have a say: có tiếng nói, được lên tiếng
51. When all is said and done: sau khi xem xét mọi thứ,
52. Having said that: nói là nói như vậy, (nhưng)…
53. to say the least: thật đấy, không nói quá đâu
54. You can say that again! Tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý với bạn
55. That is to say: điều đó có nghĩa là, chính xác hơn
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UNIT 7: ON THE MOVE
Tourism, travel
1. accommodation /əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃn/: (n) chỗ ở, chỗ trọ
2. attraction /əˈtrækʃn/: (n) an attraction is also something that makes people want
to go to a place: điểm thu hút, hoạt động thu hút
Florida has numerous tourist attractions.
3. community /kəˈmjuːnəti/: (n) cộng đồng
4. countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/: (n) miền quê
5. destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/: (n) điểm đến
6. eco-tourism /ˈiːkəʊˌtʊərɪzəm/: (n) du lịch sinh thái
7. effect /ɪˈfekt/: (n) the result of a particular influence: ảnh hưởng
The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on the environment.
8. facility /fəˈsɪləti/: (n) tòa nhà, dịch vụ, thiết bị (tiện ích) (usually plural)
9. identification /aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/: (n) an official document that shows or proves
who you are: giấy tờ tùy thân
We were asked to show some identification before the security guards would let us in.
10. inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/: (n) dân cư, người ở
11. itinerary /aɪˈtɪnəreri/: (n) a detailed plan or route of a journey: hành trình, lộ
trình đi
The tour operator will arrange transport and plan your itinerary.
12. journey /ˈdʒɜːrni/: (n) the act of travelling from one place to another, especially in
a vehicle: hành trình
I love going on long journeys.
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13. landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/: (n) a large area of countryside, especially in relation to
its appearance: phong cảnh, thắng cảnh
The landscape is dotted with the tents of campers and hikers.
14. luggage /ˈlʌɡɪdʒ/: (n) hành lý
15. peak /piːk/: (n) the highest, strongest, or best point, value, or level of skill: đỉnh,
cao điểm
Prices reach a peak during August.
We saw a victory by an athlete at the very peak of her fitness and career.
16. tourism /ˈtʊərɪzəm/: (n) ngành du lịch
17. tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/: (n) du khách
18. transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/: (n) a system of vehicles, such as buses, trains, aircraft,
etc. for getting from one place to another: hệ thống giao thông, phương tiện đi
lại
Do you have your own transport (= vehicle)?
Bicycles are a cheap and efficient form/means of transport.
19. travel /ˈtrævl/: (n) việc đi lại, du lịch
20. travel /ˈtrævəl/: (v) to move or go from one place to another: đi lại, di chuyển
Supersonic planes can travel faster than the speed of sound.
21. trend /trend/: (n) xu hướng
22. trip /trɪp/: (n) a journey in which you go somewhere, usually for a short time, and
come back again: chuyến đi chơi
The trip from York to Newcastle takes about an hour by train.
23. village /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/: (n) ngôi làng
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24. adventurous /ədˈventʃərəs/: (a) willing to try new or difficult things: (thích) mạo
hiểm, (thích) phiêu lưu
I'm trying to be more adventurous with my cooking.
25. budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/: (n) ngân sách
26. breathtaking /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/: (a) hấp dẫn, ngoạn mục
27. coastal /ˈkəʊstl/: (a) duyên hải, ven biển
28. cosmopolitan /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/: (a) containing or having experience of people
and things from many different parts of the world: đa dạng (đa quốc tịch, văn
hóa, chủng tộc)
New York is a highly cosmopolitan city.
29. diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/: (a) including many different types of people or things: đa
dạng, nhiều loại khác nhau
New York is a very culturally diverse city.
30. flexible /ˈfleksəbl/: (a) linh hoạt
31. foreign /ˈfɒrən/: (a) nước ngoài, ngoại quốc
32. local /ˈləʊkl/: (a) địa phương
33. luxurious /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/: (a) sang trọng, lộng lẫy, xa hoa
34. mountainous /ˈmaʊntənəs/: (a) nhiều núi, có núi
35. peaceful /ˈpiːsfl/: (a) yên bình, yên tĩnh
36. picturesque /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/: (a) đẹp như tranh
37. polluted /pəˈluːtɪd/: (a) bị ô nhiễm
38. quaint /kweɪnt/: (a) attractive because of being unusual and especially old-
fashioned: cổ, cổ kính
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a quaint old cottage
39. remote /rɪˈməʊt/: (a) xa xôi
40. rough /rʌf/: (a) not even or smooth, often because of being in bad condition: gồ
ghề, thô
It was a rough mountain road, full of stones and huge holes.
41. rural /ˈrʊərəl/: (a) nông thôn, thôn dã, hẻo lánh
42. scenic /ˈsiːnɪk/: (a) (cảnh) đẹp
43. stunning /ˈstʌnɪŋ/: (a) extremely beautiful or attractive: tuyệt vời, lộng lẫy
a stunning view over the bay of Saint Tropez
44. tough /tʌf/: (a) khó, cứng rắn
45. traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/: (a) truyền thống
46. unspoilt /ˌʌnˈspɔɪlt/: (a) an unspoiled place is beautiful because it has not been
changed or damaged by people: hoang sơ, nguyên vẹn
an island with clean, unspoiled beaches
47. urban /ˈɜːbən/: (a) đô thị, thành phố
48. affect /əˈfekt/: (v) to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause a
change in someone or something: ảnh hưởng
The divorce affected every aspect of her life.
49. fluctuate /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/: (v) to change, especially continuously and between one
level or thing and another: dao động
Her wages fluctuate between £150 and £200 a week.
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UNIT 8: THROUGH THE AGES
Time, history
1. age /eɪdʒ/: (n) tuổi, thời kỳ, kỷ
2. archaeologist /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/: (n) nhà khảo cổ học
3. century /ˈsentʃəri/: (n) thế kỷ
4. decade /ˈdekeɪd/: (n) thập kỷ
5. era /ˈɪərə/: (n) a period of time of which particular events or stages of
development are typical: kỷ nguyên, thời đại
They had worked for peace during the long era of conflict.
6. evidence /ˈevɪdəns/: (n) bằng chứng
7. excavation /ˌekskəˈveɪʃn/: (n) sự khai quật
8. generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/: (n) thế hệ
9. the Middle Ages /ðə ˈmɪdl eɪdʒɪz/: (n) a period in European history, between
about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the power of kings, people of high rank,
and the Christian Church was strong: thời trung cổ
10. millennia /mɪˈleniə/: (n) thiên niên kỷ (số ít: millennium)
11. period /ˈpɪəriəd/: (n) a length of time: khoảng thời gian, giai đoạn
12. The study will be carried out over a six-month period.
13. phase /feɪz/: (n) any stage in a series of events or in a process of
development: giai đoạn, thời kỳ
We're entering a new phase in international relations.
14. pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə/: (n) người tiên phong
15. timeline /ˈtaɪmlaɪn/: (n) dòng thời gian, lưu đồ thời gian
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16. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/: (a) cổ đại
17. chronological /ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkl/: (a) following the order in which a series of
events happened: theo thứ tự thời gian
Give me the dates in chronological order.
18. consecutive /kənˈsekjətɪv/: (a) consecutive events, numbers, etc. follow one
after another without an interruption: liên tiếp nhau
This is the fifth consecutive weekend that I've spent working.
19. historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/: (a) connected with studying or representing things from
the past: thuộc về lịch sử
Many important historical documents were destroyed when the library was bombed.
20. imminent /ˈɪmɪnənt/: (a) coming or likely to happen very soon: sắp xảy ra
A strike is imminent.
21. middle-aged /ˈmɪdl eɪdʒd/: (a) trung niên
22. nostalgic / nɒˈstældʒɪk/: (a) feeling happy and also slightly sad when you
think about things that happened in the past: hoài cổ
Talking about our old family holidays has made me feel nostalgic.
23. prehistory /ˌpriːˈhɪstri/: (n) thời tiền sử
24. prior (to) /ˈpraɪər/: (adv) before a particular time or event: trước (cái gì đó)
the weeks prior to her death
25. punctual /ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/: (a) đúng giờ
26. time-consuming /taɪm kənˈsjuːmɪŋ/: (a) tốn thời gian
27. erode /ɪˈrəʊd/: (v) xói mòn
28. infer /ɪnˈfɜː/: (v) suy ra, (phỏng) đoán
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29. predate /ˌpriːˈdeɪt/: (v) (xảy ra) trước (cái gì đó trong quá khứ)
30. span /spæn/: (v) kéo dài
31. in time: to be in time for something is to arrive at the right moment, before it
is too late to do something: kịp lúc
We arrived just in time for the show
32. lose track of time: sao lãng thời gian (khi phát hiện thì đã mất nhiều giờ)
33. on time: at the agreed or expected time: đúng giờ
I expect all my staff to get to work on time.
34. save time: tiết kiệm thời gian
35. spend time: dành thời gian
36. take so long: tốn nhiều thời gian
37. the right time: giờ đúng
38. chronologically /ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkli/: (adv) theo thứ tự thời gian
39. formerly /ˈfɔːməli/: (adv) in the past: trước đây
The European Union was formerly called the European Community.
40. previously /ˈpriːviəsli/: (adv) before the present time or the time referred to:
trước đây
She was previously employed as a tour guide.
41. subsequently /ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/: (adv) after something else: sau đó
He was badly injured in the crash and subsequently died.
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UNIT 9: THE NATURAL WORLD
Flora and fauna, argiculture
1. agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə/: (n) nông nghiệp
2. animal kingdom /ˈænɪml ˈkɪŋdəm/: (n) vương quốc động vật
3. burrow /ˈbʌrəʊ/: (n) a hole in the ground dug by an animal such as a rabbit,
especially to live in: hang (cầy, thỏ)
4. climate /ˈklaɪmət/: (n) khí hậu
5. crop /krɒp/: (n) vụ mùa, mùa màng, cây trồng
6. decline /dɪˈklaɪn/: (n) sự giảm
7. den /den/: (n) the home of particular types of wild animal: hang
8. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə/: (n) thảm họa
9. ecological balance /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈbæləns/: (n) cân bằng sinh thái
10. ecology /iˈkɒlədʒi/: (n) the relationships between the air, land, water, animals,
plants, etc., usually of a particular area, or the scientific study of this: sinh thái,
sinh thái học
The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile ecology of the coast.
She hopes to study ecology at college.
11. evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/: (n) tiến hóa, phát triển
12. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/: (n) sự tuyệt chủng
13. fauna /ˈfɔːnə/: (n) all the animals that live wild in a particular area: hệ động vật
While she was in Hawaii, she studied the local flora and fauna.
14. flora /ˈflɔːrə/: (n) all the plants of a particular place or from a particular time in
history: hệ thực vật
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the flora of the Balearic Islands
15. genetics /dʒəˈnetɪks/: (n) the study of how, in all living things, the
characteristics and qualities of parents are given to their children by their genes:
ngành di truyền học
16. habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/: (n) môi trường sống
17. human nature / ˈhjuːmən ˈneɪtʃə/: (n) bản chất con người
18. insect /ˈɪnsekt/: (n) côn trùng
19. Mother Nature /ˈmʌðə ˈneɪtʃə/: (mẹ) thiên nhiên
20. pesticide /ˈpestɪsaɪd/: (n) thuốc trừ sâu
21. prey /preɪ/: (n) con mồi
22. repercussion /ˌriːpəˈkʌʃn/: (n) (usually plural) the effect that an action, event, or
decision has on something, especially a bad effect: tác động, ảnh hưởng
Any decrease in tourism could have serious repercussions for the local economy.
23. scent /sent/: (n) mùi, mùi thơm
24. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/: (n) giống loài
25. soil /sɔɪl/: (n) đất, đất trồng
26. vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/: (n) plants in general, or plants that are found in a
particular area: cây cối (nói chung)
The railway track will have to be cleared of vegetation if it is to be used again.
27. vermin /ˈvɜːmɪn/: (n) small animals and insects that can be harmful and are
difficult to control when they appear in large numbers: sâu hại, ký sinh
Flies, lice, and cockroaches can all be described as vermin.
28. weed /wiːd/: (n) cỏ dại
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29. arid /ˈærɪd/: (a) very dry and without enough rain for plants: khô cằn
The desert is so arid that nothing can grow there.
30. catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk/: (a) causing sudden and very great harm or
destruction: thảm khốc, thảm hại
A catastrophic storm made landfall on US soil.
31. disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstrəs/: (a) extremely bad or unsuccessful: thảm khốc, kinh
hoàng
Such a war would be disastrous for the country.
32. domesticated /dəˈmestɪkeɪtɪd/: (a) (of animals or plants) brought under human
control in order to provide food, power, or company: thuần hóa
domesticated animals
33. endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/: (a) in danger of being harmed, lost, unsuccessful,
etc.: bị đe dọa
Social workers who look after abused or endangered children often have stressful days
at work.
34. extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/: (a) tuyệt chủng
35. genetically-modified /dʒəˈnetɪkli ‘mɒdɪfaɪd/: (a) a genetically modified plant or
animal has had some of its genes changed scientifically: biến đổi gen
genetically modified food/crops
36. introduced /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːst/: (a) được đưa vào, giới thiệu vào
37. native /ˈneɪtɪv/: (a) bản địa
38. natural /ˈnætʃrəl/: (a) tự nhiên
39. resistant /rɪˈzɪstənt/: (a) not wanting to accept something, especially changes or
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new ideas: có sức đề kháng, chống cự lại
Why are you so resistant to change?
40. semi-arid /ˈsemi ˈærɪd/: (a) nửa khô hạn
41. tropical /ˈtrɒpɪkl/: (a) nhiệt đới
42. vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/: (a) able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally
hurt, influenced, or attacked: dễ bị tổn thương, dễ bị hại
Tourists are more vulnerable to attack, because they do not know which areas of the
city to avoid.
43. wild /waɪld/: (a) hoang dã
44. adapt /əˈdæpt/: (v) to become familiar with a new situation: thích nghi
To remain competitive the company has to be able to adapt to the changing
marketplace.
45. combat /ˈkɒmbæt/: (v) to try to stop something unpleasant or harmful from
happening or increasing: đánh nhau, chống lại
The government is spending millions of dollars in its attempt to combat drug abuse.
46. cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/: (v) to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a
particular crop: trồng trọt, cày cấy
The villagers cultivate mostly maize and beans.
47. eradicate /ɪˈrædɪkeɪt/: (v) to get rid of something completely or destroy
something bad: diệt trừ, xóa bỏ
The government claims to be doing all it can to eradicate corruption.
48. evolve /iˈvɒlv/: (v) tiến hóa
49. hibernate /ˈhaɪbəneɪt/: (v) ngủ đông
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50. tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/: (v) tha thứ, chịu đựng
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UNIT 10: REACHING FOR THE SKIES
Space, the planets
1. asteroid /ˈæstərɔɪd/: (n) tiểu hành tinh
2. astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/: (n) phi hành gia
3. the atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪə/: (n) the mixture of gases around the earth: bầu
không khí, khí quyển
These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere.
4. the cosmos /kɒzmɒs/: (n) the universe considered as a system with an order
and pattern: vũ trụ
5. crater /ˈkreɪtə/: (n) miệng núi lửa, hố
6. debris /ˈdebriː/: (n) mảnh vỡ
7. earth /ɜːθ/: (n) Trái Đất
8. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/: (n) sự thăm dò, thám hiểm
9. explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə/: (n) người thăm dò, nhà thám hiểm
10. galaxy /ˈɡæləksi/: (n) ngân hà
11. gas /ɡæs/: (n) khí
12. gravity /ˈɡrævəti/: (n) the force that attracts objects towards one another,
especially the force that makes things fall to the ground: trọng lực
the laws of gravity
13. horizon /həˈraɪzn/: (n) the line at the farthest place that you can see, where the
sky seems to touch the land or sea: đường chân trời
The moon rose slowly above the horizon.
14. launch /lɔːntʃ/: (n) sự phóng lên
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15. meteor /ˈmiːtiə/: (n) sao băng
16. moon /muːn/: (n) mặt trăng
17. ocean /ˈəʊʃn/: (n) đại dương
18. orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/: (n) quỹ đạo
19. outer space /ˈaʊtə speɪs/: (n) không gian bên ngoài vũ trụ
20. planet /ˈplænɪt/: (n) hành tinh
21. radiation /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/: (n)
a form of energy that comes from a nuclear reaction and that can be very dangerous to
health: phóng xạ
Many servicemen suffered radiation sickness after the early atomic tests.
energy from heat or light that you cannot see: bức xạ
microwave/ultraviolet/electromagnetic radiation
22. rocket /ˈrɒkɪt/: (n) tên lửa
23. satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/: (n) vệ tinh
24. simulator /ˈsɪmjuleɪtə/: (n) thiết bị mô phỏng
25. solar system /ˈsəʊlə ˈsɪstəm/: (n) hệ mặt trời
26. space /speɪs/: (n) không gian
27. spacecraft /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/: (n) tàu không gian
28. space shuttle /speɪs ˈʃʌtl/: (n) tàu con thoi
29. space station /speɪs ˈsteɪʃn/: (n) trạm không gian
30. surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/: (n) bề mặt
31. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/: (n) vũ trụ
32. weightlessness /ˈweɪtləsnəs/: (n) trạng khái không trọng lực
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33. commercial /kəˈmɜːʃl/: (a) (thuộc) thương mại
34. cosmic /ˈkɒzmɪk/: (a) (thuộc) vũ trụ
35. extreme /ɪkˈstriːm/: (a) khắc nghiệt, cực độ
36. gravitational /ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃənl/: (a) (thuộc) trọng lực
37. horizontal /ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl/: (a) nằm ngang, ngang
38. inevitable / ɪnˈevɪtəbl/: (a) không thể tránh khỏi
39. lunar /ˈluːnə/: (a) (thuộc) mặt trăng, âm
40. meteoric /ˌmiːtiˈɒrɪk/: (a) (thuộc) sao băng, nhanh chóng
41. outer /ˈaʊtə/: (a) bên ngoài
42. solar /ˈsəʊlə/: (a) (thuộc) mặt trời, dương
43. terrestrial /təˈrestriəl/: (a) relating to the planet earth, or living or existing on the
land rather than in the sea or air: (thuộc) Trái Đất, đất liền
Newton investigated terrestrial and celestial motion.
44. toxic /ˈtɒksɪk/: (a) độc
45. uninhabitable /ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtəbl/: (a) không thể ở được
46. universal /juːnɪˈvɜːsl/: (a) existing everywhere or involving everyone: (thuộc) vũ
trụ, chung, phổ biến
Food, like sex, is a subject of almost universal interest.
47. unmanned /ˌʌnˈmænd/: (a) used to refer to a spacecraft, or a place where
military guards work, that has no people present to operate or be in charge of it:
không có người
an unmanned mission to the planet Mars
48. acclimatise /əˈklaɪmətaɪz/: (v) to (cause to) change to suit different conditions of
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life, weather, etc.: thích nghi
We found it impossible to acclimatize ourselves to the new working conditions.
49. colonise /ˈkɒlənaɪz/: (v) to send people to live in and govern another country:
chiếm làm thuộc địa, định cư
Peru was colonized by the Spanish in the 16th century.
50. explore /ɪkˈsplɔː/: (v) thám hiểm, thăm dò
51. float /fləʊt/: (v) lơ lửng
52. orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/: (v) to follow a curved path around a planet or star: quay quanh
(theo quỹ đạo)
On this mission the Shuttle will orbit (the Earth) at a height of several hundred miles.
53. propel /prəˈpel/: (v) to push or move something somewhere, often with a lot of
force: đẩy
The Kon-Tiki sailed across the Pacific Ocean propelled by wind power.
54. rotate /rəʊˈteɪt/: (v) to turn or cause something to turn in a circle, especially
around a fixed point: quay
The wheel rotates around an axle.
55. sustain /səˈsteɪn/: (v) to keep alive: duy trì (sự sống)
The soil in this part of the world is not rich enough to sustain a large population.
56. simulate /ˈsɪmjuleɪt/: (v) to do or make something that looks real but is not real:
mô phỏng
The computer simulates (= represents) different road conditions for new drivers to
practise on.
57. undergo /ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/: (v) trải qua
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UNIT 11: DESIGN AND INNOVATION
Building, engineering
1. balcony /ˈbælkəni/: (n) ban công
2. brick /brɪk/: (n) gạch
3. building /ˈbɪldɪŋ/: (n) tòa nhà
4. ceiling /ˈsiːlɪŋ/: (n) trần nhà
5. concrete /ˈkɒŋkriːt/: (n) bê tông
6. construction /kənˈstrʌkʃn/: (n) công trình (xây dựng)
7. cottage /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/: (n) nhà tranh, nhà nhỏ (ở nông thôn)
8. design /dɪˈzaɪn/: (n) thiết kế
9. device /dɪˈvaɪs/: (n) thiết bị
10. elevator /ˈelɪveɪtə(r)/: (n) thang máy
11. engineering /ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/: (n) kỹ thuật
12. frame /freɪm/: (n) khung
13. gadget /ˈɡædʒɪt/: (n) a small device or machine with a particular purpose:
thiết bị, công cụ cải tiến
Have you seen this handy little gadget - it's for separating egg yolks from whites.
14. housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/: (n) buildings for people to live in: nhà ở
There's a shortage of cheap housing in the region.
15. innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/: (n) a new idea or method, or the use of new ideas
and methods: đổi mới
[U] The recording industry is driven by constant innovation.
[C] His latest innovation is a theater company that will perform for schools.
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16. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/: (n) sự phát minh
17. landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/: (n) a building or place that is easily recognized,
especially one that you can use to judge where you are: mốc, tòa nhà biểu
tượng
The Rock of Gibraltar is one of Europe's most famous landmarks.
18. lift shaft /lɪft ʃɑːft/: (n) trục nâng
19. occupant /ˈɒkjəpənt/: (n) người cư ngụ, người sử dụng
20. platform /ˈplætfɔːm/: (n) bệ, nền tảng, sân ga
21. quarry /ˈkwɒri/: (n) mỏ đá
22. residence /ˈrezɪdəns/: (n) a home: chỗ ở, sự cư trú
the Governor's official residence
23. skyscraper/ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)/: (n) tòa nhà chọc trời
24. staircase /ˈsteəkeɪs/: (n) cầu thang
25. steel /stiːl/: (n) thép
26. storage /ˈstɔːrɪdʒ/: (n) sự cất giữ, kho chứa
27. structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/: (n) cấu trúc
28. tension /ˈtenʃn/: (n) sức căng
29. timber /ˈtɪmbə(r)/: (n) trees that are grown so that the wood from them can be
used for building: gỗ xây dựng
These trees are being grown for timber.
30. airy /ˈeəri/: (a) thoáng
31. conventional /kənˈvenʃənl/: (a) truyền thống, cổ truyền, thường thấy
32. cosy /ˈkəʊzi/: (a) thoải mái, ấm cúng
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33. cramped /kræmpt/: (a) chật chội
34. curved /kɜːvd/: (a) cong
35. disposable /dɪˈspəʊzəbl/: (a) dùng một lần rồi bỏ
36. domestic /dəˈmestɪk/: (a) nội địa
37. exterior /ɪkˈstɪəriə(r)/: (a) on or from the outside: bên ngoài, mặt ngoài
In some of the villages the exterior walls of the houses are painted pink.
38. functional /ˈfʌŋkʃənl/: (a) designed to be practical and useful rather than
attractive: hữu dụng
functional clothing
39. futuristic /ˌfjuːtʃəˈrɪstɪk/: (a) strange and very modern, or intended or seeming
to come from some imagined time in the future: (thuộc) tương lai
A futuristic car was on display at the auto show.
40. high-rise /haɪ raɪz/: (n) (a) nhà cao tầng, nhà chọc trời
41. innovative /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/: (a) mang tính đổi mới
42. internal /ɪnˈtɜːnl/: (a) inside an object or building: bên trong
An internal wall has been removed.
43. mass-produced /mæs prəˈdjuːst/: (a) được sản xuất hàng loạt
44. modern /ˈmɒdn/: (a) hiện đại
45. multi-storey /ˈmʌlti ˈstɔːri/: (a) nhiều tầng
46. old-fashioned /əʊld ˈfæʃnd/: (a) cũ, cổ hủ, lạc hậu, lỗi thời
47. ornate /ɔːˈneɪt/: (a) having a lot of complicated decoration: hoa mỹ, trang trí
công phu
a room with an ornate ceiling and gold mirrors
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48. prefabricated /ˌpriːˈfæbrɪkeɪtɪd/: (a) prefabricated buildings or objects are
built from parts that have been made in a factory and can be put together
quickly: sản xuất sẵn, đúc sẵn, làm sẵn
a prefabricated house
49. single-storey /ˈsɪŋɡl ˈstɔːri/: (a) một tầng
50. spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/: (a) rộng rãi
51. state-of-the-art: (a) tiên tiến, mới nhất
52. traditional /trəˈdɪʃənl/: (a) truyền thống
53. two-storey /tuː ˈstɔːri/: (a) hai tầng
54. typical /ˈtɪpɪkl/: (a) showing all the characteristics that you would usually
expect from a particular group of things: điển hình
I must look like the typical tourist with my shorts and my camera.
55. ultra-modern /ˈʌltrə ˈmɒdn/: (a) hết sức hiện đại
56. activate /ˈæktɪveɪt/: (v) kích hoạt
57. automate /ˈɔːtəmeɪt/: (v) tự động hóa
58. build /bɪld/: (v) xây
59. condemn /kənˈdem/: (v) to decide officially that a building is not safe for
people to use: thông báo, cảnh báo nguy hiểm
60. construct /kənˈstrʌkt/: (v) xây
61. decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/: (v) trang trí
62. demolish /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/: (v) phá hủy, đánh đổ
63. design /dɪˈzaɪn/: (v) thiết kế
64. develop /dɪˈveləp/: (v) phát triển
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65. devise /dɪˈvaɪz/: (v) to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually using your
intelligence or imagination: nghĩ ra, phát minh
He's good at devising language games that you can play with students in class.
66. haul /hɔːl/: (v) kéo (mạnh)
67. hoist /hɔɪst/: (v) kéo lên, nhấc lên
68. invent /ɪnˈvent/: (v) phát minh
69. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/: (v) duy trì
70. occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/: (v) cư ngụ, chiếm, ở
71. reconstruct /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt/: (v) dựng lại
72. renovate / ˈrenəveɪt/: (v) to repair and improve something, especially a
building: phục hồi, sửa chữa lại
He renovates old houses and sells them at a profit.
73. support /səˈpɔːt/: (v) ủng hộ
74. trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/: (v) to cause something to start: kích hoạt
Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.
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UNIT 12: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Telecommunications, computers and technology
1. automatic pilot /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk ˈpaɪlət/: chế độ bay tự động
2. computerisation /kəmˌpjuːtəraɪˈzeɪʃn/: (n) the process of starting to use a
computer to do something that was done by people or other machines before:
sự vi tính hóa, điện toán hóa
Computerization is slowly but surely taking hold of every aspect of business.
3. connection /kəˈnekʃn/: (n) sự kết nối
4. data /ˈdeɪtə/: (n) dữ liệu
5. device /dɪˈvaɪs/: (n) thiết bị
6. function /ˈfʌŋkʃn/: (n) chức năng
7. gadget /ˈɡædʒɪt/: (n) thiết bị
8. the Internet: mạng toàn cầu
9. keyboard /ˈkiːbɔːd/: (n) bàn phím
10. keypad /ˈkiːpæd/: (n) bàn phím, bộ phím bấm
11. laptop (computer) /ˈlæptɒp/: (n) máy tính xách tay
12. latest: (a) mới nhất
13. memory /ˈmeməri/: (n) bộ nhớ
14. monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/: (n) màn hình
15. patent /ˈpætnt/: (n) the official legal right to make or sell an invention for a
particular number of years: bằng sáng chế
The company filed a patent on a genetically engineered tomato.
16. program /ˈprəʊɡræm/: (n) chương trình
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17. prototype /ˈprəʊtətaɪp/: (n) the first example of something, such as a machine
or other industrial product, from which all later forms are developed: nguyên
mẫu, vật đầu tiên
a prototype for/of a new car
18. remote control /rɪˈməʊt kənˈtrəʊl/: điều khiển từ xa
19. silicon chip /ˈsɪlɪkən tʃɪp/: (n) chíp (silicon)
20. technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/: (n) công nghệ, kỹ thuật
21. telecommunications /ˌtelikəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃnz/: (n) công nghệ viễn thông, ngành
viễn thông
22. vision /ˈvɪʒn/: (n) tầm nhìn
the ability to imagine how a country, society, industry, etc. could develop in the future
and to plan for this:
He didn't have the mental agility or vision required for a senior politician.
the ability to see:
She has very little vision in her left eye.
23. wireless connection /ˈwaɪələs /kəˈnekʃn/: kết nối không dây
24. compact /kəmˈpækt/: (a) consisting of parts that are positioned together closely
or in a tidy way, using very little space: nhỏ gọn, nén
What a compact office! How did you fit so much into so little space?
25. computerised /kəmˈpjuːtəraɪzd/: (a) được vi tính hóa, điện toán hóa
26. cutting-edge /ˈkʌtɪŋ edʒ/: (a) tiên tiến nhất
27. cyber /ˈsaɪbə(r)/: (a) (thuộc) mạng internet
28. dated /ˈdeɪtɪd/: (a) old-fashioned: lỗi thời
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Spy thrillers with plots based on the Cold War look particularly dated nowadays.
29. digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/: (a) (thuộc) số
30. labour-saving /ˈleɪbə(r) ˈseɪvɪŋ/: (a) tiết kiệm sức lao động
31. portable /ˈpɔːtəbl/: (a) có thể mang theo, di chuyển được
32. state-of-the-art: (a) tiên tiến nhất, hiện đại nhất
33. up-to-date: (a) hiện đại, cập nhật
34. user-friendly /ˈjuːzə(r) ˈfrendli/: (a) thân thiện với người sử dụng
35. virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/: (a) ảo
36. access /ˈækses/: (v) (n) truy cập
37. connect /kəˈnekt/: (v) kết nối
38. download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/: (v) tải về
39. display /dɪˈspleɪ/: (v) hiển thị
40. envisage /ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ/: (v) to imagine or expect something in the future, especially
something good: nhìn trước, vạch trước
Train fare increases of 15 percent are envisaged for the next year.
41. operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/: (v) vận hành
42. revolutionise /ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/: (v) to completely change something so that it is
much better: cách mạng hóa
Newton's discoveries revolutionized physics.
43. scroll /skrəʊl/: (v) kéo, cuộn
44. speculate /ˈspekjuleɪt/: (v) to guess possible answers to a question when you
do not have enough information to be certain: phỏng đoán
A spokesperson declined to speculate on the cause of the train crash.
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Journalists are speculating about whether interest rates will be cut.
45. store /stɔː(r)/: (v) lưu trữ, tích trữ
46. surpass /səˈpɑːs/: (v) to do or be better than: vượt trội, vượt qua
His time for the 100 metres surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a
second.
47. automatically /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/: (adv) tự động
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UNIT 13: THE MODERN WORLD
Globalization, changing attitudes and trends
1. attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/: (n) thái độ
2. brand /brænd/: (n) a type of product made by a particular company: nhãn, hiệu
This isn't my usual brand of deodorant.
3. culture /ˈkʌltʃə/: (n) văn hóa
4. cycle /ˈsaɪkl/: (n) chu kỳ
5. demographic /ˌdeməˈɡræfɪk/: (n) a group of people, for example customers,
who are similar in age, social class, etc.: nhóm đối tượng
This demographic is the fastest-growing age group using the site.
6. development /dɪˈveləpmənt/: (n) sự phát triển
7. diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/: (n) sự đa dạng
8. globalization /ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/: (n) sự toàn cầu hóa
9. hindsight /ˈhaɪndsaɪt/: (n) the ability to understand an event or situation only
after it has happened: nhận thức (sau khi việc gì đã xảy ra)
With (the benefit/wisdom of) hindsight, I should have taken the job.
In hindsight, it would have been better to wait.
10. icon /ˈaɪkɒn/: (n) biểu tượng
11. identity /aɪˈdentəti/: (n) đặc tính, nhân dạng
12. implication /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/: (n) the effect that an action or decision will have on
something else in the future: ảnh hưởng
The company is cutting back its spending and I wonder what the implications will be for
our department.
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13. impact /ˈɪmpækt/: (n) a powerful effect that something, especially something
new, has on a situation or person: ảnh hưởng
The anti-smoking campaign had had quite an impact on young people.
14. increase /ˈɪnkriːs/: (n) a rise in the amount or size of something: tăng
Any increase in production would be helpful.
15. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/: (n) the power to have an effect on people or things, or a
person or thing that is able to do this: ảnh hưởng
Helen's a bad/good influence on him.
Christopher hoped to exert his influence to make them change their minds.
At the time she was under the influence of her father.
16. industry /ˈɪndəstri/: (n) công nghiệp
17. isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/: (n) sự cách ly
18. joint venture: (n) liên doanh
19. (have a) monopoly /məˈnɒpəli/: (an organization or group that has) complete
control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no
share: độc quyền
He does not have a/the monopoly on good looks.
20. market /ˈmɑːkɪt/: (n) thị trường
21. modernization /ˌmɒdənaɪˈzeɪʃn/: (n) hiện đại hóa
22. multiculturalism /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəlɪzəm/: (n) chủ nghĩa đa văn hóa
23. percentage /pəˈsentɪdʒ/: (n) tỷ lệ phần trăm
24. population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/: (n) dân số
25. prediction /prɪˈdɪkʃn/: (n) a statement about what you think will happen in the
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future: dự đoán
Please don't ask me to make any predictions about tomorrow's meeting.
26. projection /prəˈdʒekʃn/: (n) a calculation or guess about the future based on
information that you have: dự báo
The company has failed to achieve last year's sales projections by 30 percent.
27. proportion /prəˈpɔːʃn/: (n) the number or amount of a group or part of something
when compared to the whole: tỉ lệ
Children make up a large proportion of the world's population.
28. rate /reɪt/: (n) tỉ lệ, tốc độ
29. statistics /stəˈtɪstɪks/: (n) a collection of numerical facts or measurements, as
about people, business conditions, or weather: số liệu thống kê
The statistics show that, in general, women live longer than men.
31. aging /ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/: (a) lão hóa, già đi
32. current /ˈkʌrənt/: (a) hiện tại, hiện hành
33. demographics /ˌdeməˈɡræfɪks/: (n) the number and characteristics of people
who live in a particular area or form a particular group, especially in relation to
their age, how much money they have and what they spend it on: số liệu thống
kê dân số
No one has exact demographics on (= information about the quantity and
characteristics of the people who live in) the area.
34. elderly /ˈeldəli/: (a) già
35. ethnic /ˈeθnɪk/: (a) relating to a particular race of people: thuộc dân tộc, tộc
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người
Conflicts between the different ethnic groups in the country exploded into civil war.
36. exotic /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/: (a) unusual and specially interesting because of coming from a
country that is far away: ngoại, ở nước ngoài đưa vào, kỳ lạ
exotic pets like snakes and tropical birds
37. global /ˈɡləʊbl/: (a) toàn cầu
38. local /ˈləʊkl/: (a) địa phương
39. long-term /ˌlɒŋ ˈtɜːm/: (a) dài hạn
40. mid-term /ˌmɪdˈtɜːm/: (a) trung hạn
41. multicultural /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/: (a) đa văn hóa
42. productive /prəˈdʌktɪv/: (a) resulting in or providing a large amount or supply of
something: có hiệu suất, có năng suất
He had an amazingly productive five years in which he managed to write four novels.
43. sceptical /ˈskeptɪkl/: (a) doubting that something is true or useful: hoài nghi
Many experts remain sceptical about/of his claims.
44. short-term /ʃɔːt ˈtɜːm/: (a) ngắn hạn
45. subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/: (a) xảy ra sau (cái gì đó)
46. wealthy /'welθi /: (a) giàu có, thịnh vượng
47. worldwide /ˈwɜːldwaɪd/: (a) toàn thế giới
48. compound /kɒmˈpaʊnd/: (v) to make a problem or difficult situation worse: làm
tồi tệ hơn
His financial problems were compounded when he unexpectedly lost his job.
49. contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/: (v) to give something, especially money, in order to
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provide or achieve something together with other people: góp phần vào, đóng
góp vào
Her family has contributed $50,000 to the fund.
50. decline /dɪˈklaɪn/: (v) giảm
51. diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/: (v) giảm
52. dominate /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/: (v) thống trị
53. dwindle /ˈdwɪndl/: (v) giảm
54. indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/: (v) chỉ ra, là dấu hiệu
55. merge /mɜːdʒ/: (v) sát nhập
56. migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/: (v) if people migrate, they travel in large numbers to a new
place to live temporarily: di cư
Mexican farm workers migrate into the US each year to find work at harvest time.
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UNIT 14: URBANISATION
Problems and solutions, big city life
1. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/: (n) lợi ích
2. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/: (n) thử thách
3. compromise /ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/: (n) an agreement in an argument in which the
people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to
agree: sự thỏa hiệp
It is hoped that a compromise will be reached in today's talks.
The government has said that there will be no compromise with terrorists.
4. difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/: (n) the fact of not being easy to do or understand: khó
khăn
She had great difficulty finding a job.
People with asthma have difficulty in breathing.
5. dilemma /dɪˈlemə/: (n) a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made
between two different things you could do: hình huống khó, tiến thoái
lưỡng nan
The president is clearly in a dilemma about/over how to tackle the crisis.
She faces the dilemma of disobeying her father or losing the man she loves.
6. inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/: (n) cư dân
7. infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/: (n) the basic systems and services, such as
transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to
work effectively: cơ sở hạ tầng
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The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure.
8. isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/: (n) sự cách li, cô lập
9. issue /ˈɪʃuː/: (n) a subject or problem that people are thinking and talking
about: vấn đề
As employers we need to be seen to be addressing these issues sympathetically.
10. megacity /ˈmeɡəsɪti/: (n) siêu đô thị
11. migrant /ˈmaɪɡrənt/: (n) người di cư
12. obstacle /ˈɒbstəkl/: (n) chướng ngại vật
13. overpopulation /ˌəʊvəˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/: (n) bùng nổ dân số
14. population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/: (n) dân số
15. poverty /ˈpɒvəti/: (n) the condition of being extremely poor: cái nghèo
Some 80% of Haitians live in poverty, and few have proper jobs.
16. resolution /ˌrezəˈluːʃn/: (n) cách giải quyết
17. setback /ˈsetbæk/: (n) sự giảm sút, vấn đề trở ngại
18. slum /slʌm/: (n) nhà ổ chuột
19. solution /səˈluːʃn/: (n) giải pháp
20. tolerance /ˈtɒlərəns/: (n) lòng khoan dung, sự chịu đựng
21. traffic /ˈtræfɪk/: (n) giao thông
22. urbanization /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃn/: (n) đô thị hóa
23. adequate /ˈædɪkwət/: (a) đủ, đầy đủ
24. basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/: (a) cơ bản
25. booming /ˈbuːmɪŋ/: (a) bùng nổ
26. catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk/: (a) causing sudden and very great harm or
destruction: thảm họa, thảm khốc
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An unchecked increase in the use of fossil fuels could have catastrophic results for
the planet.
27. crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/: (a) đông
28. decent /ˈdiːsnt/: (a) socially acceptable or good: đàng hoàng, tươm tất
Everyone should be entitled to a decent standard of living.
I thought he was a decent person.
29. developing /dɪˈveləpɪŋ/: (a) đang phát triển
30. double-edged /dʌbl ˈedʒ/: (a) hai lưỡi (nghĩa đen + bóng)
31. isolated /ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd/: (a) bị cách ly
32. one-sided /wʌn ˈsaɪdɪd/: (a) một chiều, phiến diện
33. long-sighted /lɒŋˈsaɪtɪd/: (a) viễn thị, nhìn xa
34. long-term /ˌlɒŋ ˈtɜːm/: (a) dài hạn
35. overpriced /ˌəʊvəˈpraɪst/: (a) quá đắt
36. overworked /ˌəʊvəˈwɜːkt/: (a) làm việc quá nhiều, quá sức
37. pressing /ˈpresɪŋ/: (a) urgent or needing to be dealt with immediately: cấp
bách
a pressing need for housing
The most pressing question is what do we do next?
38. rural /ˈrʊərəl/: (a) hẻo lánh, thôn dã
39. short-sighted /ʃɔːtˈsaɪtɪd/: (a) cận thị, thiển cận
40. short-term /ˌʃɔːt ˈtɜːm/: (a) ngắn hạn
41. staggering /ˈstæɡərɪŋ/: (a) very shocking and surprising: kinh ngạc
It costs a staggering $50,000 per week to keep the museum open to the public.
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42. tolerant /ˈtɒlərənt/: (a) khoan dung, chịu đựng
43. address /əˈdres/: (v) to give attention to or deal with a matter or problem: giải
quyết
The issue of funding has yet to be addressed.
44. deal with: (v) to take action in order to achieve something or in order to solve
a problem: giải quyết, đối mặt
How do you intend to deal with this problem?
45. tackle /ˈtækl/: (v) to try to deal with something or someone: giải quyết, khắc
phục
There are many ways of tackling this problem.
46. adjust /əˈdʒʌst/: (v) điều chỉnh
47. aggravate /ˈæɡrəveɪt/: (v) to make a bad situation worse: làm trầm trọng
hơn, tệ hơn
Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of
traffic congestion.
48. cause /kɔːz/: (v) gây ra
49. complete /kəmˈpliːt/: (v) hoàn thành
50. compound /kɒmˈpaʊnd/: (v) làm trầm trọng hơn, tệ hơn
51. deteriorate /dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt/: (v) suy giảm, xấu đi
52. enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/: (v) to improve the quality, amount, or strength of
something: tăng cường, mở rộng
These scandals will not enhance the organization's reputation.
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53. exacerbate /ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/: (v) to make something that is already bad even
worse: làm tăng, làm trầm trọng
This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities.
54. exclude /ɪkˈskluːd/: (v) loại trừ
55. face /feɪs/: (v) if you face a problem, or a problem faces you, you have to deal
with it: đối mặt
Passengers could face long delays.
You're faced with a very difficult choice there.
56. flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ/: (v) hưng thịnh, phát triển
57. identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/: (v) nhận ra, nhận diện
58. improve /ɪmˈpruːv/: (v) cải thiện
59. include /ɪnˈkluːd/: (v) bao gồm, gộp vào
60. linger /ˈlɪŋɡə(r)/: (v) to take a long time to leave or disappear: kéo dài, nấn
ná
After the play had finished, we lingered for a while in the bar hoping to catch sight of
the actors.
61. modify /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/: (v) thay đổi, sửa đổi
62. overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/: (v) vượt qua
63. present /priˈzent/: (v) đưa ra, phô ra
64. raise /reɪz/: (v) giơ lên
65. reform /rɪˈfɔːm/: (v) cải cách, sửa đổi
66. regulate /ˈreɡjuleɪt/: (v) điều chỉnh, điều tiết, quy định
67. remedy /ˈremədi/: (v) cải thiện
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68. remedy a situation: cải thiện tình hình
69. resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/: (v) to solve or end a problem or difficulty: giải quyết
Have you resolved the problem of transport yet?
70. resolve an issue: giải quyết một vấn đề
71. tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/: (v) tha thứ, chịu đựng
72. transform /trænsˈfɔːm/: (v) thay đổi, biến đổi
73. worsen /ˈwɜːsn/: (v) trở nên tệ hơn, xấu hơn
74. find a solution: tìm giải pháp
75. overcome a difficulty: vượt qua khó khăn
76. reach/find a compromise: đạt được thỏa hiệp
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UNIT 15: THE GREEN REVOLUTION
The environment, climate change and pollution
1. acid rain /ˌæsɪd ˈreɪn/: (n) mưa axít
2. biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/: (n) đa dạng sinh học
3. climate change: (n) biến đổi khí hậu
4. contamination /kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/: (n) sự ô nhiễm
5. deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/: (n) nạn phá rừng
6. disposal /dɪˈspəʊzl/: (n) the act of getting rid of something, especially by
throwing it away: sự vứt bỏ
waste disposal
the disposal of hazardous substances
7. drought /draʊt/: (n) hạn hán
8. ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/: (n) all the living things in an area and the way they
affect each other and the environment: hệ sinh thái
Pollution can have disastrous effects on the delicately balanced ecosystem.
9. emission /iˈmɪʃn/: (n) khí thải, sự thải ra
[U] the act of sending out gas, heat, light, etc.: sự thải ra
Bioluminescence is the emission of light from living organisms.
[C usually plural] an amount of a substance that is produced and sent out into the air
that is harmful to the environment, especially carbon dioxide: khí thải
These health risks are caused by vehicle emissions.
10. the environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/: (n) môi trường
11. erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒn/: (n) sự xói mòn
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12. exhaust (fumes) /ɪɡˈzɔːst/: (n) the waste gas from an engine, especially a car's,
or the pipe the gas flows through: khí thải
Car exhaust is the main reason for the city's pollution.
13. fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/: (n) phân bón
14. flood /flʌd/: (n) lũ lụt
15. food chain /fuːd tʃeɪn/: (n) a series of living things that are connected because
each group of things eats the group below it in the chain: chuỗi thức ăn
16. greenhouse gases: (n) khí nhà kính
17. impact /ˈɪmpækt/: (n) ảnh hưởng
18. pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/: (n) chất gây ô nhiễm
19. pollution /pəˈluːʃn/: (n) sự ô nhiễm
20. process /ˈprəʊses/: (n) tiến trình
21. refuse /ˈrefjuːs/: (n) rác
22. strain /streɪn/: (n) sự căng, quá tải
23. threat /θret/: (n) a suggestion that something unpleasant or violent will happen,
especially if a particular action or order is not followed: mối đe dọa
The threat of jail failed to deter him from petty crime.
Drunken drivers pose a serious threat to other road users.
24. waste /weɪst/: (n) rác thải
25. achievable /əˈtʃiːvəbl/: (a) có thể đạt được
26. advantageous /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/: (a) thuận lợi, có lợi
27. at risk /æt rɪsk/: in a dangerous situation: có nguy cơ
All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding.
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28. beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/: (a) helpful, useful, or good: có lợi ích
A stay in the country will be beneficial to his health.
29. chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/: (a) (especially of a disease or something bad) continuing for a
long time: kinh niên, kéo dài
chronic diseases/conditions
There is a chronic shortage of teachers.
30. conceivable /kənˈsiːvəbl/: (a) possible to imagine or to believe: có thể hiểu
được, nhận thức được
It's just conceivable (that) the hospital made a mistake.
31. contaminated /kənˈtæmɪneɪtɪd/: (a) bị nhiễm bẩn
32. devastating /ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/: (a) tàn phá, phá hủy
33. doubtful /ˈdaʊtfl/: (a) nghi ngờ, đáng ngờ
If you are doubtful about something, you are uncertain about it: nghi ngờ
The teacher is doubtful about having parents working as classroom assistants.
If a situation is doubtful, it is unlikely to happen or to be successful: đáng ngờ
It was doubtful that the money would ever be found again.
34. environmental /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/: (a) thuộc về môi trường
35. environmentally friendly: (a) thân thiện với môi trường
36. feasible /ˈfiːzəbl/: (a) able to be made, done, or achieved: khả thi, thực hiện
được
With the extra resources, the project now seems feasible.
37. fruitless /ˈfruːtləs/: (a) không có kết quả
38. futile /ˈfjuːtaɪl/: (a) (of actions) having no effect or achieving nothing: vô ích,
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không hiệu quả
It's completely futile trying to reason with him - he just won't listen.
39. immune /ɪˈmjuːn/: (a) protected against a particular disease by particular
substances in the blood: miễn nhiễm, miễn dịch
He seems to be immune to colds - he just never gets them.
40. impracticable /ɪmˈpræktɪkəbl/: (a) không thể thực hiện được
41. improbable /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/: (a) không chắc sẽ xảy ra, đâu đâu
42. danger (of): the possibility that something bad will happen: nguy hiểm, nguy cơ
If he carries on like this, he's in danger of losing his job.
43. insoluble /ɪnˈsɒljəbl/: (a) không giải quyết được
44. irreparable /ɪˈrepərəbl/: (a) không thể sửa chữa được
45. irreplaceable /ˌɪrɪˈpleɪsəbl/: (a) không thể thay thế được.
46. irreversible /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːsəbl/: (a) không thể đảo ngược
47. liable /ˈlaɪəbl/: (a) having (legal) responsibility for something or someone: có
trách nhiệm, bổn phận
The law holds parents liable if a child does not attend school.
If we lose the case, we may be liable for (= have to pay) the costs of the whole trial.
48. life-threatening /ˈlaɪf θretnɪŋ/: (a) đe dọa cuộc sống
49. pervasive /pəˈveɪsɪv/: (a) phổ biến, lan rộng
50. pointless /ˈpɔɪntləs/: (a) vô nghĩa, vô dụng
51. pristine /ˈprɪstiːn/: (a) ban sơ, nguyên thủy
52. questionable /ˈkwestʃənəbl/: (a) đáng ngờ, có vấn đề
53. recyclable /ˌriːˈsaɪkləbl/: (a) có thể phục hồi, tái chế
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54. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/: (a) causing little or no damage to the environment and
therefore able to continue for a long time: bền vững
A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting sustainable
development in all countries.
55. taxing /ˈtæksɪŋ/: (a) difficult or needing a lot of thought or effort: đầy thử thách
I just need an entertaining read for the beach - nothing too taxing.
56. unattainable /ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbl/: (a) không thể đạt được
57. unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/: (a) không thể xảy ra
58. unprecedented /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/: (a) chưa từng xảy ra, chưa có tiền lệ
59. useless /ˈjuːsləs/: (a) vô dụng, vô ích
60. viable /ˈvaɪəbl/: (a) able to work as intended or able to succeed: khả thi
I am afraid your plan is not financially viable.
61. vital /ˈvaɪtl/: (a) necessary for the success or continued existence of something;
extremely important: thiết yếu, quan trọng, sống còn
A strong opposition is vital to a healthy democracy.
62. worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/: (a) đáng giá, đáng bỏ công
63. confront /kənˈfrʌnt/: (v) to face, meet, or deal with a difficult situation or person:
đối mặt
It's an issue we'll have to confront at some point, no matter how unpleasant it is.
I thought I would stay calm, but when I was confronted with/by the TV camera, I got
very nervous.
64. contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/: (v) nhiễm bẩn
65. dispose of: (v) to get rid of someone or something or deal with something so
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that the matter is finished: loại bỏ
How did they dispose of the body?
It took only five minutes for the world champion to dispose of (= defeat) his opponent.
66. dump /dʌmp/: (v) to get rid of something unwanted, especially by leaving it in a
place where it is not allowed to be: vứt bỏ
The tax was so unpopular that the government decided to dump it.
Toxic chemicals continue to be dumped into the river.
67. threaten /ˈθretn/: (v) đe dọa
68. inexorably /ɪnˈeksərəbli/: (adv) không thể lay chuyển, chắc chắn
69. inevitably /ɪnˈevɪtəbli/: (adv) không thể tránh khỏi
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UNIT 16: THE ENERGY CRISIS
Natural resources, alternative fuels
1. atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/: (n) khí quyển, không khí
2. balance /ˈbæləns/: (n) a state where things are of equal weight or force: sự cân
bằng
She had to hold onto the railings to keep her balance (= to stop herself from falling).
We must strike a balance between reckless spending and penny-pinching.
3. biofuel /ˈbaɪəʊfjuːəl/: (n) nhiên liệu sinh học
4. carbon dioxide /ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd/: CO2
5. crisis /ˈkraɪsɪs/: (n) khủng hoảng
6. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/: (n) điện
7. emission /iˈmɪʃn/: (n) khí thải (count.)
8. exhaust /ɪɡˈzɔːst/: (n) khí thải
9. fossil fuel /ˈfɒsl ˈfjuːəl/: (n) nhiên liệu hóa thạch
10. fuel /ˈfjuːəl/: (n) nhiên liệu
11. fumes /fjuːmz/: (n) khí thải, khói (plural)
12. gas /ɡæs/: (n) khí
13. greenhouse gas /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɡæs/: khí nhà kính
14. hydrid /ˈhaɪbrɪd/: (a) (n) lai, hỗn hợp
15. hydrogen /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/: (n) khí hi-đrô
16. petrol /ˈpetrəl/: (n) xăng dầu
17. resource /rɪˈsɔːs/: (n) tài nguyên
18. turbine /ˈtɜːbaɪn/: (n) tua bin
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19. vehicle /ˈviːəkl/: (n) xe cộ
20. alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/: (a) thay thế
21. critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/: (a) quan trọng, nguy cấp
22. disposable /dɪˈspəʊzəbl/: (a) dùng 1 lần
23. drastic /ˈdræstɪk/: (a) (especially of actions) severe and sudden or having very
noticeable effects: quyết liệt
Many employees have had to take drastic cuts in pay.
24. eco-friendly /ˈiːkəʊ frendli/: (a) thân thiện với môi trường
25. efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/: (a) working or operating in a way that gets the results you want
without any waste: hiệu quả
They are developing a more fuel-efficient car to save gas.
26. effective /ɪˈfektɪv/: (a) successful or achieving the results that you want: có hiệu
quả, có kết quả
It's an extremely effective cure for a headache.
27. environmentally friendly: (a) thân thiện với môi trường
28. nuclear /ˈnjuːkliə(r)/: (a) hạt nhân
29. rechargeable /ˌriːˈtʃɑːdʒəbl/: (a) có thể nạp lại
30. renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/: (a) có thể tái tạo
31. solar /ˈsəʊlə(r)/: (a) (thuộc) mặt trời
32. unleaded (petrol) /ˌʌnˈledɪd/: (a) (xăng) không pha chì
33. absorb /əbˈzɔːb/: (v) hấp thụ
34. conserve /kənˈsɜːv/: (v) bảo tồn, giữ gìn
35. consume /kənˈsjuːm/: (v) tiêu thụ
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36. convert /kənˈvɜːt/: (v) to (cause something or someone to) change in form or
character: chuyển đổi
Could we convert the small bedroom into a second bathroom?
37. counter /ˈkaʊntə(r)/: (v) to react to something with an opposing opinion or
action, or to defend yourself against something: đối lại, chống lại
Extra police have been moved into the area to counter the risk of violence.
38. deplete /dɪˈpliːt/: (v) to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies
of energy, money, etc.: dùng hết, cạn kiệt
If we continue to deplete the earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage
to the environment.
The illness depletes the body of important vitamins.
39. diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/: (v) giảm, thu nhỏ
40. discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/: (v) to send out a substance, especially waste liquid or
gas: thải ra
Large amounts of dangerous waste are discharged into the river daily by the factory.
41. dwindle /ˈdwɪndl/: (v) nhỏ đi, co lại
42. emit /iˈmɪt/: (v) thải ra
43. expend /ɪkˈspend/: (v) to use or spend time, effort, or money: tiêu, dùng, dùng
hết
You expend so much effort for so little return.
Governments expend a lot of resources on war.
44. limit /ˈlɪmɪt/: (v) giới hạn
45. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/: (v) duy trì
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46. outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/: (v) nhiều hơn
47. reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/: (v) đặt trước
48. retain /rɪˈteɪn/: (v) to keep or continue to have something: giữ, tiếp tục
She has lost her battle to retain control of the company.
49. waste /weɪst/: (v) lãng phí
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UNIT 17: TALKING BUSINESS
Employment, management and marketing
1. advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/: (n) a picture, short film, song, etc. that tries to
persuade people to buy a product or service, or a piece of text that tells
people about a job, etc.: bài quảng cáo
She scanned the job advertisements in the paper.
2. advertising /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/: (n) the business of trying to persuade people to
buy products or services: (ngành) quảng cáo
Fiona works in advertising.
3. boss /bɒs/: (n) ông chủ
4. campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/: (n) chiến dịch
5. candidate /ˈkændɪdeɪt/: (n) ứng viên
6. career /kəˈrɪə(r)/: (n) sự nghiệp
7. clerk /klɑːk/: (n) thư ký
8. client /ˈklaɪənt/: (n) khách hàng
9. colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/: (n) đồng nghiệp
10. company /ˈkʌmpəni/: (n) công ty
11. consumer /kənˈsjuːmə(r)/: (n) người tiêu dùng
12. credibility /ˌkredəˈbɪləti/: (n) the fact that someone can be believed or
trusted: sự tín nhiệm
He complained that we had tried to undermine his credibility within the company.
13. customer /ˈkʌstəmə(r)/: (n) khách hàng
14. earnings /ˈɜːnɪŋz/: (n) (plural) the amount of money that someone is paid for
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working: thu nhập
Average earnings for skilled workers are rising.
15. employee /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/: (n) nhân viên
16. employer /ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)/: (n) chủ
17. employment /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/: (n) việc làm
18. experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/: (n) kinh nghiệm
19. goods /ɡʊdz/: (n) (plural) items for sale, or possessions that can be moved:
hàng hóa
They sell leather goods such as wallets, purses, and briefcases.
20. income /ˈɪnkʌm/: (n) thu nhập
21. industry /ˈɪndəstri/: (n) công nghiệp
22. interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/: (n) buổi phỏng vấn
23. job /dʒɒb/: (n) công việc, nghề nghiệp
24. job satisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/: mức độ hài lòng với công việc
25. labourer /ˈleɪbərə(r)/: (n) người lao động
26. management /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/: (n) việc quản lý
27. manual work /ˈmænjuəl wɜːk/: công việc tay chân
28. market /ˈmɑːkɪt/: (n) thị trường
29. marketing /ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ/: (n) tiếp thị
30. meeting /ˈmiːtɪŋ/: (n) họp
31. money /ˈmʌni/: (n) tiền
32. niche /niːʃ/: (n) an opportunity for a business to offer a product or service that
is not offered by other businesses: (thị trường) ngách, thị trường riêng cho
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một loại hàng hóa
There is a niche in the market for this kind of product.
The company has carved a niche for itself in the watch-making business.
33. occupation /ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn/: (n) nghề nghiệp
34. office /ˈɒfɪs/: (n) văn phòng
35. overtime /ˈəʊvətaɪm/: (n) (adv) tăng ca
36. packaging /ˈpækɪdʒɪŋ/: (n) the materials in which objects are wrapped before
being sold: bao bì, gói
All our packaging is biodegradable.
37. pay /peɪ/: (n) lương
38. perk /pɜːk/: (n) an advantage or something extra, such as money or goods,
that you are given because of your job: bổng lộc, tiền thù lao thêm
A company car and a mobile phone are some of the perks that come with the job.
39. product: (n) sản phẩm
40. profession /prəˈfeʃn/: (n) any type of work that needs special training or a
particular skill, often one that is respected because it involves a high level of
education: nghề nghiệp (chuyên môn cao)
He left the teaching profession in 1965 to start his own business.
41. prospect /ˈprɒspekt/: (n) the possibility that something good might happen in
the future: cơ hội thành công, triển vọng
Is there any prospect of the weather improving?
42. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/: (n) an official record showing that you have
finished a training course or have the necessary skills, etc.: bằng cấp
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You'll never get a good job if you don't have any qualifications.
43. retirement /rɪˈtaɪəmənt/: (n) sự về hưu
44. salary /ˈsæləri/: (n) lương
45. share /ʃeə(r)/: (n) cổ phiểu
46. shift work /ʃɪft wɜːk/: việc làm theo ca
47. skill /skɪl/: (n) kỹ năng
48. staff /stɑːf/: (n) (khối) the group of people who work for an organization: nhân
viên
The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase.
49. supervisor /ˈsuːpəvaɪzə(r)/: (n) giám sát viên
50. takeover /ˈteɪkəʊvə(r)/: (n) a situation in which a company gets control of
another company by buying enough of its shares: sự thôn tính, thâu tóm
They were involved in a takeover last year.
51. target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/: (n) mục tiêu
52. trade /treɪd/: (n) thương mại
54. unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/: (n) thất nghiệp
55. wages /weɪdʒi:z/: (n) (pl) the money earned by an employee, esp. when paid
for the hours worked: lương
He was notorious for being anti-union and for paying low wages.
56. workforce /ˈwɜːkfɔːs/: (n) lực lượng lao động
57. workplace /ˈwɜːkpleɪs/: (n) nơi làm việc
58. casual /ˈkæʒuəl/: (a) bình thường, thất thường, lúc có lúc không
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59. demanding /dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/: (a) đòi hỏi, khắt khe
60. economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/: (a) relating to trade, industry, and money: (thuộc)
kinh tế
The country has been in a very poor economic state ever since the decline of its two
major industries.
61. economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/: (a) not using a lot of fuel, money, etc.: tiết kiệm
There's increasing demand for cars that are more economical on fuel.
62. exhausting /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪŋ/: (a) kiệt sức, mệt mỏi
63. hospitality /ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti/: (n) the group of businesses such as hotels, bars,
and restaurants that provide food, drink, or a place to sleep: dịch vụ nhà
hàng – khách sạn
We offer high-quality training for people working in hospitality, leisure, and tourism.
64. monotonous /məˈnɒtənəs/: (a) not changing and therefore boring: đơn điệu
The music became monotonous after a while.
65. part-time /ˌpɑːt ˈtaɪm/: (a) (adv) bán thời gian
66. retail /ˈriːteɪl/: (n) việc bán lẻ
67. redundant /rɪˈdʌndənt/: (a) dư thừa, bị sa thải
68. rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/: (a) giving a reward, especially by making you feel
satisfied that you have done something important or useful, or done
something well: tốt, bổ ích, đáng làm
Textbook writing can be an intellectually and financially rewarding activity.
69. unemployed /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/: (a) thất nghiệp
70. unskilled /ˌʌnˈskɪld/: (a) không cần chuyên môn
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71. apply /əˈplaɪ/: (v) to request something, usually officially, especially in writing
or by sending in a form: ứng tuyển, xin
We've applied to a charitable organization for a grant for the project.
72. compete /kəmˈpiːt/: (v) cạnh tranh
73. earn /ɜːn/: (v) kiếm (tiền)
74. endorse /ɪnˈdɔːs/: (v) to make a public statement of your approval or support
for something or someone: chứng thực
The Council is expected to endorse the committee's recommendations.
75. invest (in) /ɪnˈvest/: (v) đầu tư
76. persuade /pəˈsweɪd/: (v) thuyết phục
77. to be promoted: được thăng cấp, thăng tiến
78. request /rɪˈkwest/: (v) yêu cầu
79. retire /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/: (v) về hưu
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UNIT 18: THE LAW
Crime, punishment
1. action /ˈækʃn/: (n) hành động
2. arson /ˈɑːsn/: (n) tội đốt phá
3. the authorities /ɔːˈθɒrəti/: (n) the group of people with official legal power to
make decisions or make people obey the laws in a particular area, such as
the police or a local government department: nhà chức trách
I'm going to report these potholes to the authorities.
4. burglary /ˈbɜːɡləri/: (n) trộm
5. consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/: (n) hậu quả
6. convict /ˈkɒnvɪkt/: (n) người bị kết án
7. crime /kraɪm/: (n) tội, tội phạm
8. crime rate /kraɪm reɪt/: (n) the number of crimes that are committed during a
period of time in a particular place: tỉ lệ tội phạm
The overall crime rate was down 11.9% last year.
9. criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnl/: (n) tên tội phạm
10. deterrent /dɪˈterənt/: (n) something that makes somebody less likely to do
something (= that deters them): (vật/điều) ngăn cản
Hopefully his punishment will act as a deterrent to others.
a deterrent against cheating
11. evidence /ˈevɪdəns/: (n) bằng chứng
12. fine /faɪn/: (n) tiền phạt
13. fraud /frɔːd/: (n) the crime of getting money by deceiving people: gian lận,
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lừa đảo
He is fighting extradition to Hong Kong to face trial on fraud charges.
14. imprisonment /ɪmˈprɪznmənt/: (n) hình phạt tù
15. inequality /ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti/: (n) bất bình đẳng
16. intent /ɪnˈtent/: (n) the fact that you want and plan to do something: ý định,
mục đích
It was not his intent to hurt anyone.
She was charged with possessing weapons with intent to endanger life.
17. intrusion /ɪnˈtruːʒn/: (n) sự xâm phạm
18. judge /dʒʌdʒ/: (n) thẩm phán
19. jury /ˈdʒʊəri/: (n) bồi thẩm đoàn
20. kidnapping /ˈkɪdnæpɪŋ/: (n) sự bắt cóc
21. lawyer /ˈlɔːjə(r)/: (n) luật sư
22. motive /ˈməʊtɪv/: (n) động cơ
23. murder /ˈmɜːdə(r)/: (n) tội giết người
24. offence /əˈfens/: (n) an illegal act; a crime: sự vi phạm
Driving without a licence is an offence.
He committed several serious offences.
25. pickpocketing /ˈpɪkpɒkɪtɪŋ/: (n) nạn móc túi
26. prevention /prɪˈvenʃn/: (n) sự ngăn ngừa
27. prison /ˈprɪzn/: (n) a building where criminals are forced to live as a
punishment: nhà tù
He's spent a lot of time in prison.
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She was sent to prison for six months.
28. prisoner /ˈprɪznə(r)/: (n) tù nhân
29. property crime /ˈprɒpəti kraɪm/: tội về tài sản
30. prosecutor /ˈprɒsɪkjuːtə(r)/: (n) a legal official who accuses someone of
committing a crime, especially in a law court: công tố viên
31. protection /prəˈtekʃn/: (n) sự bảo vệ
32. punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/: (n) sự trừng phạt, hình phạt
33. recklessness /ˈrekləsnəs/: (n) sự bất cẩn, vô ý
34. smuggling /ˈsmʌɡlɪŋ/: (n) the act or process of taking things or people to or
from a place secretly and often illegally: buôn lậu
The murdered man is thought to have been involved in drug smuggling.
35. social system /ˈsəʊʃl ˈsɪstəm/: hệ thống xã hội
36. swear /ˈsweər/: (n) lời chửi thề
37. the accused: bị cáo
38. toxic waste /ˈtɒksɪk weɪst/: (n) chất thải độc hại
39. vandalism /ˈvændəlɪzəm/: (n) the crime of intentionally damaging property
belonging to other people: tội phá hoại
Beset by violence and vandalism, this is one of the most unpleasant areas in the
city.
40. victim /ˈvɪktɪm/: (n) nạn nhân
41. violation /ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃn/: (n) sự vi phạm
42. criminal /ˈkrɪmɪnl/: (a) (về) tội phạm
43. drug-related /drʌɡ rɪˈleɪtɪd/: (a) liên quan ma túy
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44. evil /ˈiːvl/: (a) ác
45. guilty /ˈɡɪlti/: (a) có tội
46. harsh /hɑːʃ/: (a) khắt khe, khắt nghiệt
47. innocent /ˈɪnəsnt/: (a) vô tội
48. intentional /ɪnˈtenʃənl/: (a) có chủ ý
49. law-abiding /lɔː əˈbaɪdɪŋ/: (a) someone who is law-abiding obeys the law:
tuân theo luật
Such actions against law-abiding citizens will not be tolerated.
50. non-violent /nɒn ˈvaɪələnt/: (a) phi bạo lực
51. offensive /əˈfensɪv/: (a) xâm hại, làm phiền, làm khó chịu
52. on trial /ɒn ˈtraɪəl/: bị xét xử
53. petty (crime) /ˈpeti/: (a) (tội) nhẹ
54. punishable /ˈpʌnɪʃəbl/: (a) đáng phạt, có thể trừng phạt
55. random /ˈrændəm/: (a) ngẫu nhiên
56. strict /strɪkt/: (a) nghiêm khắc
57. unintentional /ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənl/: (a) không chủ ý, vô ý
58. victimless /ˈvɪktɪmləs/: (a) không có nạn nhân
59. abide (by) /əˈbaɪd/: (v) to accept or obey an agreement, decision, or rule:
tuân theo
Competitors must abide by the judge's decision.
60. abolish /əˈbɒlɪʃ/: (v) bãi bỏ
61. combat /ˈkɒmbæt/: (v) chống lại
62. deter /dɪˈtɜː(r)/: (v) to prevent someone from doing something or to make
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someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for
that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it: ngăn cản, ngăn
chặn
These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack.
High prices are deterring many young people from buying houses.
63. enforce /ɪnˈfɔːs/: (v) to make people obey a law, or to make a particular
situation happen or be accepted: thi hành, thực thi
The new teacher had failed to enforce any sort of discipline.
64. imprison /ɪmˈprɪzn/: (v) to put someone in prison: tống giam, bỏ tù
He was imprisoned in 1965 for attempted murder.
65. monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/: (v) theo dõi, giám sát
66. obey /əˈbeɪ/: (v) tuân theo
67. offend /əˈfend/: (v) to make someone upset or angry: xâm phạm, xúc phạm
If the sight of a few dirty dishes offends you, then I think you're in trouble!
68. perpetrate /ˈpɜːpətreɪt/: (v) to commit a crime or a violent or harmful act:
phạm, gây ra
In this country, half of all violent crime is perpetrated by people who have been
drinking alcohol.
69. prevent /prɪˈvent/: (v) to stop something from happening or someone from
doing something: ngăn ngừa
Label your suitcases to prevent confusion.
His disability prevents him from driving.
70. protect /prəˈtekt/: (v) to keep someone or something safe from injury,
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damage, or loss: bảo vệ
clothing that protects you against the cold
It's important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
71. prove /pruːv/: (v) chứng minh, tỏ ra
72. punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/: (v) trừng phạt, trừng trị
73. resent /rɪˈzent/: (v) to feel angry because you have been forced to accept
someone or something that you do not like: bực tức, tức giận
She bitterly resented her father's new wife.
74. respect /rɪˈspekt/: (v) tôn trọng
75. violate /ˈvaɪəleɪt/: (v) vi phạm, xâm phạm
76. accept the consequences: chấp nhận hậu quả
77. commit a crime: phạm tội
78. convict a criminal: kết tội một tên tội phạm
79. impose a fine: xử phạt
80. pass a law: thông qua luật
81. solve a crime: giải quyết tội phạm
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UNIT 19: THE MEDIA
The news, fame
1. access /ˈækses/: (n) the method or possibility of getting near to a place or
person: sự truy cập
The only access to the village is by boat.
2. attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/: (n) thái độ, quan điểm
3. author /ˈɔːθə(r)/: (n) tác giả
4. bias /ˈbaɪəs/: (n) the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or
thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence
your judgment: sự thiên lệch, thiên vị
There was clear evidence of a strong bias against her.
There has always been a slight bias in favour of/towards employing liberal arts
graduates in the company.
5. censorship /ˈsensəʃɪp/: (n) kiểm duyệt
6. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/: (n) thử thách
7. credibility /ˌkredəˈbɪləti/: (n) sự tín nhiệm
8. current affairs /ˈkʌrənt /əˈfeə(r)z/: (n) những sự kiện hiện tại, thời sự (plural)
9. editor /ˈedɪtə(r)/: (n) biên tập viên
10. exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r)/: (n) the fact of experiencing something or being
affected by it because of being in a particular situation or place: sự tiếp xúc
You should always limit your exposure to the sun.
11. fame /feɪm/: (n) danh tiếng
12. free press /friː pres/: (n) tự do báo chí
96
13. ideology /ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi/: (n) a set of beliefs or principles, especially one on
which a political system, party, or organization is based: hệ tư tưởng, ý thức
hệ
The people are caught between two opposing ideologies.
14. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/: (n) ảnh hưởng
15. the Internet /ˈɪntənet/: mạng toàn cầu
16. investigation /ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn/: (n) the careful examination of a crime,
problem, statement, etc., especially to discover the truth: sự điều tra, cuộc
điều tra
An investigation into possible insider dealing has been begun by the stock
exchange.
Several companies are under investigation for fraud.
17. issue /ˈɪʃuː/: (n) vấn đề
18. journal /ˈdʒɜːnl/: (n) a serious magazine or newspaper that is published
regularly about a particular subject: báo, tập san
19. journalism /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪzəm/: (n) báo chí, nghề báo
20. mass media /mæs ˈmiːdiə/: (n) truyền thông đại chúng
21. media /ˈmiːdiə/: (n) (phương tiện) truyền thông (pl)
22. network /ˈnetwɜːk/: (n) mạng lưới
23. news: (n) tin tức
24. newspaper /ˈnjuːzpeɪpə(r)/: (n) báo
25. newsstand /ˈnjuːzstænd/: (n) sạp báo
26. opinion /əˈpɪnjən/: (n) quan điểm
97
27. paparazzi /ˌpæpəˈrætsi/: (n) tay săn ảnh (lén) (pl)
28. the press /pres/: (n) newspapers and magazines, and those parts of
television and radio that broadcast news, or reporters and photographers who
work for them: báo chí, giới báo chí, truyền thông
The incident has been widely reported in the press.
29. privacy /ˈpraɪvəsi/: (n) sự riêng tư
30. publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/: (n) a book, magazine, newspaper, or document in
which information or stories are published: ấn bản, ấn phẩm
Our latest publication is a magazine for health enthusiasts.
31. publicity /pʌbˈlɪsəti/: (n) the activity of making certain that someone or
something attracts a lot of interest or attention from many people, or the
attention received as a result of this activity: sự quảng cáo, công khai
He attracted a lot of bad publicity with his speech about unmarried mothers.
32. publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃə(r)/: (n) nhà xuất bản
33. relevance /ˈreləvəns/: (n) the degree to which something is related or useful
to what is happening or being talked about: sự liên quan, mức độ liên quan
What relevance does that point have to the discussion?
34. safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑːd/: (n) vật che chở, vật bảo vệ
35. source /sɔːs/: (n) nguồn
36. speculation /ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn/: (n) sự phỏng đoán
37. tabloid /ˈtæblɔɪd/: (n) (of or relating to) a type of popular newspaper with
small pages that has many pictures and short, simple reports: báo khổ nhỏ,
báo lá cải
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38. the web: hệ thống mạng internet
39. alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/: (a) thay thế, khác
40. artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/: (a) nhân tạo, giả tạo, không tự nhiên
41. attention-grabbing /əˈtenʃn ˈɡræbɪŋ/: (a) thu hút sự chú ý
42. biased /ˈbaɪəst/: (a) thiên vị, thiên lệch
43. celebrity /səˈlebrəti/: (n) người nổi tiếng
44. controversial /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/: (a) gây tranh cãi
45. distorted /dɪˈstɔːtɪd/: (a) bị xuyên tạc, bị làm méo mó
46. entertaining /ˌentəˈteɪnɪŋ/: (a) mang tính giải trí
47. factual /ˈfæktʃuəl/: (a) thực sự, căn cứ theo sự thật
48. informative /ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv/: (a) giàu thông tin
49. intrusive /ɪnˈtruːsɪv/: (a) xâm phạm
50. investigative /ɪnˈvestɪɡətɪv/: (a) điều tra
51. mainstream /ˈmeɪnstriːm/: (a) chính, chủ đạo
52. pervasive /pəˈveɪsɪv/: (a) rộng khắp
53. realistic /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/: (a) accepting things as they are in fact and not making
decisions based on unlikely hopes for the future: hiện thực, thực tế
It isn't realistic to expect people to work for so little money.
54. sensationalist /senˈseɪʃənəlɪst/: (a) presenting information in a way that is
shocking or exciting rather than serious, especially in newspapers, on
television, etc.: giật gân
These sensationalist headlines give the impression that the sport is being corrupted
on a day-to-day basis.
99
55. superficial /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃl/: (a) (of a person) never thinking about things that are
serious or important: bề ngoài, nông cạn
He's fun to be with, but he's very superficial.
56. unbiased /ʌnˈbaɪəst/: (a) khách quan, không thiên vị
57. well-informed /wel ɪnˈfɔːmd/: (a) (nắm) thông tin
58. affect /əˈfekt/: (v) ảnh hưởng
59. broadcast /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/: (v) to send out a programme on television or radio:
phát sóng
Radio Caroline used to broadcast from a boat in the North Sea.
The tennis championship is broadcast live to several different countries.
60. censor /ˈsensə(r)/: (v) kiểm duyệt
61. control /kənˈtrəʊl/: (v) kiểm soát
62. exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/: (v) bóc lột, khai thác
63. expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/: (v) phơi bày
64. inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/: (v) cung cấp thông tin, thông báo
65. intrude /ɪnˈtruːd/: (v) làm phiền, xâm phạm, xâm nhập
66. invade /ɪnˈveɪd/: (v) xâm phạm
67. investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/: (v) điều tra
68. publicize /ˈpʌblɪsaɪz/: (v) công khai, quảng cáo
69. publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/: (v) xuất bản
70. report /rɪˈpɔːt/: (v) báo cáo, tường thuật
71. review /rɪˈvjuː/: (v) xem lại, xét lại
72. verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/: (v) thẩm tra, xác minh
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UNIT 20: THE ARTS
Art appreciation, the performing arts
1. actor /ˈæktə(r)/: (n) diễn viên
2. actress: (n) nữ diễn viên
3. aesthetics /esˈθet.ɪks/: (n) the formal study of art, especially in relation to the
idea of beauty: mỹ học
4. appreciation /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/: (n) the act of recognizing or understanding that
something is valuable, important, or as described: sự đánh giá cao
The crowd cheered in appreciation.
Children rarely show any appreciation of/for what their parents do for them.
5. artefact /ˈɑːtɪfækt/: (n) an object that is made by a person, such as a tool or a
decoration, especially one that is of historical interest: cổ vật, đồ tạo tác
The museum's collection includes artefacts dating back to prehistoric times.
6. artist /ˈɑːtɪst/: (n) họa sĩ
7. atmosphere /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/: (n) bầu không khí
8. audience /ˈɔːdiəns/: (n) khán giả
9. ballerina /ˌbæləˈriːnə/: (n) nữ diễn viên balê
10. ballet /ˈbæleɪ/: (n) bale
11. carving /ˈkɑːvɪŋ/: (n) a shape or pattern cut into wood or stone or the skill of
doing this: đồ chạm khắc
wooden/stone carvings
12. conception /kənˈsepʃn/: (n) an idea of what something or someone is like, or
a basic understanding of a situation or a principle: quan niệm, nhận thức
101
People from different cultures have different conceptions of the world.
13. concert /ˈkɒnsət/: (n) buổi hòa nhạc
14. craft /krɑːfts/: (n) skill and experience, especially in relation to making objects;
a job or activity that needs skill and experience, or something produced using
skill and experience: đồ thủ công, tay nghề làm đồ thủ công
the craft of furniture making/sewing/glassblowing
rural/ancient/traditional crafts
15. creation /kriˈeɪʃn/: (n) the act of creating something, or the thing that is
created: sự tạo ra, sáng tác
Their policies all emphasize the creation of wealth.
This 25-foot-high sculpture is her latest creation.
16. culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/: (n) văn hóa
17. emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/: (n) cảm xúc
18. exhibition /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/: (n) cuộc triển lãm
19. expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/: (n) sự trình bày, biểu đạt
20. festival /ˈfestɪvl/: (n) lễ hội
21. gallery /ˈɡæləri/: (n) phòng (trưng bày) tranh
22. image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/: (n) hình ảnh
23. imagination /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/: (n) sự tưởng tượng
24. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/: (n) ảnh hưởng
25. inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/: (n) someone or something that gives you ideas for
doing something: cảm hứng, nguồn cảm hứng
The golden autumn light provided the inspiration for the painting.
102
26. intimacy /ˈɪntɪməsi/: (n) sự quen thuộc, thân mật
27. literature /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/: (n) văn học, tài liệu
28. mood /muːd/: (n) the way you feel at a particular time: tâm trạng
She's in a good/bad mood.
The drink had put him in an amiable mood.
29. musician /mjuˈzɪʃn/: (n) someone who is skilled in playing music, usually as a
job: nhạc công, người chơi nhạc
The concert features dancers and musicians of all nationalities.
30. opera /ˈɒprə/: (n) ôpêra
31. orchestra /ˈɔːkɪstrə/: (n) dàn nhạc, ban nhạc
32. painting /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/: (n) tranh
33. performance /pəˈfɔːməns/: (n) màn trình diễn
34. the performing arts: nghệ thuật biểu diễn (plural)
35. play /pleɪ/: (n) vở kịch
36. portrait /ˈpɔːtrɪt/: (n) chân dung
37. proportion /prəˈpɔːʃn/: (n) sự cân xứng, tỉ lệ
38. reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/: (n) sự phản ánh, suy ngẫm
39. response /rɪˈspɒns/: (n) phản ứng, sự đáp lại
40. sculptor /ˈskʌlptə(r)/: (n) nhà điêu khắc
41. sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/: (n) nghệ thuật điêu khắc
42. stimulus /ˈstɪmjələs/: (n) tác nhân kích thích
43. style /staɪl/: (n) phong cách
44. taste /teɪst/: (n) gu
103
45. theatre /ˈθɪətə(r)/: (n) nhà hát
46. theme /θiːm/: (n) chủ đề
47. venue /ˈvenjuː/: (n) địa điểm
48. work /wɜːks/: (n) something created as a result of effort, especially a painting,
book, or piece of music: tác phẩm nghệ thuật (count.)
The museum has many works by Picasso as well as other modern painters.
49. writer /ˈraɪtə(r)/: (n) tác giả
50. abstract /ˈæbstrækt/: (a) trừu tượng
51. accomplished /əˈkʌmplɪʃt/: (a) skilled: tài năng
She's a very accomplished painter.
52. aesthetic /iːsˈθetɪk/: (a) relating to the enjoyment or study of beauty, or
showing great beauty: thuộc thẩm mỹ, có óc thẩm mỹ
Those buildings have little aesthetic appeal.
53. burgeoning /ˈbɜːdʒənɪŋ/: (a) growing or developing quickly: đang lớn mạnh,
đang phát triển nhanh
A burgeoning tourist industry lifted the state’s economy.
54. classical /ˈklæsɪkl/: (a) cổ điển
55. creative /kriˈeɪtɪv/: (a) có sức sáng tạo
56. cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/: (a) thuộc văn hóa
57. distracting /dɪˈstræktɪŋ/: (a) phiền nhiễu, làm sao nhãng
58. eclectic /ɪˈlektrɪk/: (a) methods, beliefs, ideas, etc. that are eclectic combine
whatever seem the best or most useful things from many different areas or
systems, rather than following a single system: chiết trung, đa dạng
104
an eclectic style/approach
an eclectic taste in literature
59. emotional /ɪˈməʊʃənl/: (a) thuộc cảm xúc
60. fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/: (a) nền tảng, cơ bản
61. imaginative /ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/: (a) giàu tưởng tượng
62. influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/: (a) có sức ảnh hưởng
63. inspirational /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl/: (a) truyền cảm hứng, đầy cảm hứng
64. interactive /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/: (a) có tính tương tác
65. literary /ˈlɪtərəri/: (a) (thuộc) văn học, văn chương
66. live /laɪv/: (a) trực tiếp
67. magical /ˈmædʒɪkl/: (a) ma thuật/tuyệt vời
68. monotonous /məˈnɒtənəs/: (a) not changing and therefore boring: đơn điệu
The music became monotonous after a while.
69. mundane /mʌnˈdeɪn/: (a) very ordinary and therefore not interesting: bình
thường, không thú vị
Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her.
70. passionate /ˈpæʃənət/: (a) having very strong feelings or emotions: đam mê
Joe is passionate about baseball (= he likes it very much).
71. popular /ˈpɒpjələ(r)/: (a) liked, enjoyed, or supported by many people: nổi
tiếng
Madonna is popular among/with teenagers.
72. prominent /ˈprɒmɪnənt/: (a) very well-known and important: nổi bật, quan
trọng
105
The government should be playing a more prominent role in promoting human
rights.
73. relaxing /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/: (a) nhẹ nhàng, thư giãn
74. stimulating /ˈstɪmjuleɪtɪŋ/: (a) khuấy động, kích thích
75. visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/: (a) thuộc thị giác, liên quan đến việc nhìn
76. vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/: (a) sinh động, chói lọi
77. choreograph /ˈkɒrɪəɡrɑːf/: (v) to plan the combination of movements to be
performed in a dance: dàn dựng, biên đạo múa
She continues to choreograph new dances for her company, although she rarely
performs anymore.
78. create /kriˈeɪt/: (v) tạo ra
79. depict /dɪˈpɪkt/: (v) mô tả
80. enrich /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/: (v) làm giàu, làm phong phú
81. escape /ɪˈskeɪp/: (v) thoát
82. imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/: (v) tưởng tượng
83. influence /ˈɪnfluəns/: (v) ảnh hưởng
84. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/: (v) truyền cảm hứng
85. participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/: (v) to take part in or become involved in an activity:
tham gia vào
She never participates in any of our discussions, does she?
86. perform /pəˈfɔːm/: (v) trình diễn
87. provoke /prəˈvəʊk/: (v) to cause a reaction, especially a negative one: khơi
gợi, gây ra
106
Test results provoked worries that the reactor could overheat.
88. transcend /trænˈsend/: (v) to go further, rise above, or be more important or
better than something, especially a limit: vượt quá, vượt hơn
The best films are those which transcend national or cultural barriers.
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MIN'S IELTS CLASS

Relationships, families and early learning

1. adolescence /ˌædəˈlesns/: (n) the period of time in a person's life when

She had a troubled adolescence.

People in England legally reach adulthood at 18.

In societies with strong family bonds, people tend to live longer.

4. brotherhood /ˈbrʌðəhʊd/: (n) friendship and understanding between

The group tries to promote a spirit of brotherhood among its members.

5. character /ˈkærəktə/: (n) the particular combination of qualities in a person

Politeness is traditionally part of the British character.

She had an unhappy childhood.

7. conflict /ˈkɒn.flɪkt/: (n) an active disagreement between people with

There was a lot of conflict between him and his father.

8. connection /kəˈnekʃn/: (n) the state of being related to someone or

The connection between smoking and heart disease is well known.

9. fatherhood /ˈfɑːðəhʊd/: (n) the state or time of being a father: cương vị

Fatherhood is a lifelong responsibility.

Their friendship goes back to when they were at school together.

I don't feel ready for motherhood yet.

What was the nature of his inquiry?

15. parent /ˈpeərənt/: (n) a mother or father of a person or an animal: bố (hoặc

He has a very good relationship with his uncle.

All her distant relatives came to the wedding.

19. relative to /ˈrelətɪv/: (a) If something is relative to something else, it changes

The amount of petrol a car uses is relative to its speed.

The magazine is aimed at teenagers and young adults.

Their temperaments are very different.

Family ties are weaker if you move a long way away.

23. active role: vai trò tích cực

I have four siblings: three brothers and a sister.

There's such rivalry between my three sons.

34. stable upbringing: sự nuôi dưỡng tốt, ổn định

These prices bear no resemblance to (= are completely different from) the

36. striking resemblance: giống nhau một cách nổi bật

Her maternal grandmother (= mother's mother) is still alive.

My paternal grandparents (= my father's parents) were Irish.

42. accommodate /əˈkɒmədeɪt/: (v) to give what is needed to someone: đáp

We certainly try to accommodate students with disabilities.

43. adopt /əˈdɒpt/

They've adopted a baby girl.

I think it's time to adopt a different strategy in my dealings with him.

46. endure /ɪnˈdjʊə/:

(v) to suffer something difficult, unpleasant, or painful: chịu đựng

We had to endure a nine-hour delay at the airport.

(v) to continue to exist for a long time: kéo dài

The political system established in 1400 endured until about 1650.

47. establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/: (v) to start having a relationship with, or

There is a strong need to establish effective communication links between

48. have sth in common: có điểm chung

Who will inherit the house when he dies?

She wants to stay at home and nurture her children.

The body, the mind

khả năng, năng lực

She had the ability to explain things clearly and concisely.

3. behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə/: (n) the way that someone behaves: hành vi

She had an unhappy childhood.

5. concept /ˈkɒnsept/: (n) a principle or idea: khái niệm

The concept of free speech is unknown to them.

6. consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/: (n) a result of a particular action or situation, often

one that is bad or not convenient: hậu quả, kết quả

idea or feeling: điệu bộ

She made a rude gesture at the other driver.

8. gesture /ˈdʒestʃə/: (v) to use a gesture to express or emphasize something: ra