URBAN HEAT ISLAND

SUBMITTED BY – SANDEEP SINGH

STUDENT ID – A00119150

SUBMITTED TO – MD. HAFIZUL HASAN

URBAN HEAT ISLAND

URBAN HEAT ISLAND

BANGALORE
URBAN HEAT ISLAND

Introduction

The urban heat is an area which is remarkably hotter than their neighborhood rural area due to

human actions. However, this island is mainly observable during the time of winters and

summers where the temperature is mainly warm at night than day. It is mainly cause because of

the surface of land. Moreover, if we look upon the rural area, it is noticed that, most of the land is

covered with plants, grasses, trees etc. whereas; the cropland is balanced with the crops and other

things. Moving next to it, these plants consume water from the roots of the plants where they

reserve the water in the trunks and leaves. The stored water is then travel to the whole inside the

leaves. However, these liquids change into vapor which released air and the process is called

transpiration. This urban island is mainly caused by the cities which have natural processes.

Some side effect of reducing this heat is:

 Drop of energy cost

 Improve better air quality

 Reduction in health issues

 Decline in water quality

The urban heat island in India

In India various studies has been carried out by UHI. Where, the main cause of urban heat island

is due to change in the pattern of land as well as due to increase in the density of urban area.

There are total 9 cities of India which are under UHI that are: Bhopal, Jaipur, Vishakhapatnam,

Chennai, Guwahati, Bangalore, Pune , Mumbai and New Delhi.

Studies for Bangalore

URBAN HEAT ISLAND

In year 2002,a research was conducted by S.S Gopalkrishan for the study of Bangalore (UHI).

The study conducted not only covers this area but also the other two cities in South India which

demonstrated the UHI effect on regional scale meteorology. However, during the season of

monsoon and winter, during the sunset the hot pool of 6 degree Celsius observed. Where,

Chennai was one where the influence seen the highest and later on the Meso-scale Bangalore

have a higher influence.

Moving further, in the year 2010, an another study was conducted by T.V Ramchandra and

Uttam Kumar which reported that in Bangalore, during last 40 years, there is grown in the built

up area of 52% where 78% of land is declined in vegetation and 79% by water bodies. The area

is represented below:

(Source: Internet)

The following outcomes can be resulted from it that, the increase in the urbanization result in

higher population densities due to anthropogenic activities and in Bangalore the patches of

vegetation and water bodies are helpful in lowering down their surrounding areas temperatures.
URBAN HEAT ISLAND

In 2011, a remote sensing study was conducted, where a report was generated which cover the

linked between the vegetation and temperature. Consequently, the outcome shows that the

temperature of Bangalore varied between 1 ᵒC to 7 ᵒC. as compared to city outgrowth zone the

city core has lower temperature. Below is the picture which shows that the cause of

substantially higher temperature is due to expansion of the new residential area and urban

infrastructure.

(Source: Internet) surface temperature of Bangalore in 2003, March

Recommendations

By implementation of green cover, water bodies, promotion of public transit helps in counting

out the UHI effects of the city. Some of the features are listed below:
URBAN HEAT ISLAND

 Promotion of vegetation and green cover

Planting trees and green vegetation can help to lower down the surface and temperature

by providing tree shade during the process of evapotranspiration. With the help of tree

shade and vegetation the direct solar radiation is absorbed by urban surfaces which also

reduce the energy bills.

 Installation of the green roof

Green roof is also one of the techniques used to get rid out from the hot temperature. As

covering the roof top can help in cooling out the room temperature through the same

process.

 Water bodies

As observed during the measurements, water bodies also have some significant impact in

lower down the temperature.

References:

https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/urban-heat-islands-in-india/article30830560.ece

https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/urban-heat-island-effect/

https://r.search.yahoo.com/_ylt=AwrxhSRpHctgCWUAzAHnHgx.;_ylu=Y29sbwMEcG9zAzQE

dnRpZAMEc2VjA3Ny/RV=2/RE=1623952874/RO=10/RU=http%3a%2f%2fwww.teriin.org

%2fsites%2fdefault%2ffiles%2f2018-03%2furba-heat-island-effect-

report.pdf/RK=2/RS=TeQVWgvPc.Q03o9Ob8poypbS_7g-