Artificial Lift

ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE
PUMP
Artificial Lift
As pressure in the reservoir declines, the producing capacity
of the wells will decline. The decline is caused by a decrease
in the ability of the reservoir to supply fluid to the well bore.
Methods are available to reduce the flowing well bottom hole
pressure by artificial means.
 Comparison of Lift Method

Rod Pumps PC Hydraulic Submersible Gas

Pumps Lift Pump Lift
Electric Submersible Pump
ESP
Typical Range Maximum*
Operating
Depth 1,000’ - 10,000’ TVD 15,000’ TVD
Operating
Volume 200 - 20,000 BPD 30,000 BPD
Operating
Temperature 100° - 275° F 400° F
Wellbore 10° 0 - 90° Pump
Deviation Placement -
<10° Build
Angle
Corrosion Handling Good
Gas Handling Poor to Fair
Solids Handling Poor to Fair
Fluid Gravity >10° API
Servicing Workover or Pulling Rig
Prime Mover Type Electric Motor
Offshore Application Excellent
System Efficiency 35%-60%
Surface and Down-hole System
ESP Assembly - Motor
ESP Motor Component
 Cooling Motor oil
Function of Motor Oil:
1. As a gap between rotor an stator (Req: 25 KV DC with 0.1” gap) (electrical isolation)
2. Lubrication rotating parts
3. Heat generated in the motor is carried to the skin of the motor by means of the
circulating through
Cooling Motor Jacket
Unbalanced Motor
ESP Cable
ESP Cable type
ESP Protector

Primary
1. Keep well fluid out of the motor

Secondary
1. Couple the torque developed by the motor to
the pump via the protector shaft
2. Oil pressure compensator (pressure balanced
system)
3. Oil volume compensator (due to thermal
expansion)
 Protector operation cycles
1. Servicing the protector prior to installation.
Since the protector is serviced at surface, the motor oil temperature will be the current
Outside Ambient temperature (OAT).
 Protector operation cycles
2. System landing at setting depth, oil expands.
The protector is lowered into the well and will reach Bottom Hole Temperature (BHT).
Assume oil expansion equals 9%.
 Protector operation cycles
2. System landing at setting depth, oil expands.
Given that the system can only hold 100% volume, the system will dump the 9%
overboard. This oil will never be recovered.
 Protector operation cycles
3. Motor Operates, oil expands more.
Additional expansion of oil, typically another 2-4%.
 Protector operation cycles
3. Motor Operates, oil expands more.
But again, the system can only hold 100% volume. The 2-4% oil expanded will again
be lost to the well bore.
 Protector operation cycles
4. Motor stops, oil contracts
Now the system is only 96 - 98% full of motor oil so the protector will then have a
small amount of well fluid in the first chamber making up the balance of the volume.
 Protector operation cycles
5. Motor operating cycles.
As the unit cycles, the system can loose additional motor oil due to several reasons:
Motor Temp, Specific Gravity, Gas in Motor Oil, Emulsions, etc..
 Protector operation cycles
6. Pulling the unit to surface, oil contracts.
When the unit is pulled the motor oil will cool once again to surface temperature (OAT).
Most bag damage is caused during system removal from the well and not during down hole
operation.
Protector Type
Labyrinth Protector
When motor starts again the excess motor oil
will be pushed to the protector. The clean and
light motor oil will push the heavier well fluid
outside of the protector chamber keeping
enough clean motor oil supply for the next
start/stop cycles
Bag Protector
Modular Protector
Protector Application
ESP Intake
Static Gas Separator
Dynamic Vortex Gas Separator
Advance Gas Handler
Centrifugal Pump - Impeller and Diffuser
 Pump Type of Construction

VIDEO
 ESP Bypass System
• Wireline or coiled tubing plugs can be supplied to seat in a
nipple profile in the Y-tool to enable intervention or logging
operations without retrieval of the completion

• Can be also used for installing two parallel ESPs in the well.
THANK YOU
Chapter II

ESP – DESIGN
ESP Design
Wellhead
pressure Data Preparation
1. Fluid :
• API oil
2. Production Data:
Static Fluid • Oil Production, Bopd
Level • Water Cut
• WHP, Psi
Dynamic
• Casing Pressure, psi
Fluid Level
• Static fluid level or LLC, jts
3. Well Data :
• Perforation Depth, ft
Pump • Inside diameter Tubing, inch
Intake
4. Pump Data :
• Pump chart
• Pump Setting depth

SBHP – FBHP
Perfo depth
ESP Pressure Gradient

Wellhead pressure

Liquid Level

Total Dynamic Head Discharge Pressure

Suction Pressure

Bottomhole pressure
ESP Operating Principles
ESP Design Procedure
CALCULATE WELL PARAMETER
• Create IPR from Production Data test & estimated PI and Optimum production target
for ESP

or

• Calculate Oil specific Gravity (S.G oil)

• Calculate Composite Specific Gravity ( S.G mix)

• Convert S.G mix to fluid gradient

ESP Design Procedure
• Calculate Static Fluid Level and Static Bottom-hole pressure

• Calculate Dynamic Fluid Level

CALCULATE TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD (TDH)

• Calculate Fluid above Pump

• Calculate Total Friction in tubing and surface

ESP Design Procedure
• Calculate surface Friction

• Calculate Total dynamic head

IMPELER SELECTION
• No. of stages, house power and Pump efficiency

PUMP
CURVE DATA