HIV/AIDS

When HIV progresses to AIDS, there is a gradual destruction of the immune system, measured by:
1. Decline in CD4 receptors.
2. Decline in CD4 lymphocytes.
3. Decline in platelet count.
4. Decline in red blood cells.

A client was recently given a prescription for enfuvirtide (Fuzeon (Entry Inhibitors). What educational
information should be in the teaching plan?
1. Inject the drug into the same abdominal site area daily.
2. Take this drug with vitamin D to help absorption.
3. Some serious drug interactions could occur.
4. Inject the drug subcutaneously twice daily

When providing client and family education for the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
drugs for HIV-AIDS, the nurse would include instructions to:
1. Take the medicine with apple juice to decrease the bad taste.
2. Take the medicine with orange juice to increase absorption.
3. Take the medicine on an empty stomach.
4. Take the medicine on a full stomach..

The nurse teaches clients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) about the importance of
taking their medications as prescribed. What does the nurse recognize as the primary factor for
medication nonadherence in the AIDS population?
1. The difficulty with availability of medications to treat AIDS
2. A lack of understanding for the reason to take medications
3. The necessity of having to take multiple medications throughout the day
4. The unpleasant side effects associated with the medications
The client receives delavirdine (Rescriptor)( Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors )as treatment for AIDS. The
nurse assesses the client for which serious side effect?
1. Cardiac arrest
2. Bone marrow suppression
3. Rash
4. Seizures

Which assessment finding would concern the nurse if found in the client receiving darunavir
(Prezista)? Protease Inhibitors
1. Nausea and vomiting
2. Constipation
3. Abdominal pain, headache, and rash
4. Complete numbness and tingling around the mouth

The nurse is teaching a client about the goals of drug therapy for HIV-AIDS. Which statement by the
client indicates the need for further teaching?
1. "A goal of pharmacotherapy is an increased life span."
2. "A goal of pharmacotherapy is curing the disease."
3. "Increased quality of life is a goal of pharmacotherapy."
4. "Reduced HIV RNA in the blood is a goal of pharmacotherapy.

A client has been prescribed tenofovir (Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors). What information should
include in the client's education?
1. Double the next dose if a dose is missed.
2. Take the medicine on an empty stomach.
3. The risk of transmitting the disease through blood contamination is decreased.
4. The drug increases bone mineral density.

Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure should be started within what time
period after exposure to be most successful?
1. 2 weeks
2. 24-36 hours
3. 36-48 hours
4. 1 week

The nurse states that the goal of HAART is:

1. Reduction of the plasma level of HIV to the lowest level possible.
2. Elimination of the virus from the lymph system.
3. Reduction of side effects seen with other HIV-AIDS drugs.
4. Elimination of the virus from the bloodstream.

The client with AIDS asks the nurse why so many medications are prescribed. What is the best
response by the nurse?
1. "To decrease the possibility of the virus developing resistance to the medications."
2. "Because the earlier we start multiple medications, the better for you."
3. "To provide you with the most effective treatment for your illness."
4. "Research has shown single medications to be ineffective."
 The preferred drug to be used in combination with zidovudine for perinatal transmission prevention
is:
1. Ritonavir.
2. Lamivudine.
3. Tenofovir.
4. Didanosine.

A client is started on efavirenz, a NNRTI. Which medication should the nurse question before giving it
with efavirenz?
1. Diazepam
2. Penicillin
3. Ibuprofen
4. Diphenhydramine

An HIV client has been on an antiviral protease inhibitor for 2 months and recently complains of being
hungry and thirsty and urinating more frequently. Knowing the adverse effects of protease inhibitors,
the nurse should assess for:
1. Pancreatitis.
2. Kidney failure.
3. Hepatomegaly.
4. Hyperglycemia.

The nurse is caring for a client with AIDS who has just learned she is pregnant. She tearfully asks the
nurse if her baby will die of AIDS. What is the best course of action for this client?
1. The client will take tipranavir (Aptivus) as prescribed.
2. The client will take penciclovir (Denavir) as prescribed.
3. The client will take indinavir (Crixivan) as prescribed.
4. The client will take zidovudine (Retrovir) as prescribed.

priority system of assessment in a client recently started on efavirenz (Sustiva) (Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors)includes:
1. Pulmonary.
2. CNS.
3. GI.
4. Cardiac.

A nurse is working with a client who was diagnosed with HIV several months earlier. This client will be
considered to have AIDS when the CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count drops below what threshold?
75 cells/mm3 of blood
200 cells/mm3 of blood
325 cells/mm3 of blood
450 cells/mm3 of blood
A pregnant woman who was tested and diagnosed with HIV infection is very upset. What should the
nurse teach this patient about her baby's risk of being born with HIV infection?
-"The baby will probably be infected with HIV."
- "Only an abortion will keep your baby from having HIV."
-"Treatment with antiretroviral therapy will decrease the baby's chance of HIV infection."
-"The duration and frequency of contact with the organism will determine if the baby gets HIV
infection."

A 25-year-old male patient has been diagnosed with HIV. The patient does not want to take more
than one antiretroviral drug. What reasons can the nurse tell the patient about for taking more than
one drug?
A. Together they will cure HIV.
B. Viral replication will be inhibited.
C. They will decrease CD4+ T cell counts.

A 52-year-old female patient was exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 weeks ago
through sharing needles with other substance users. What symptoms will the nurse teach the patient
to report that would indicate the patient has developed an acute HIV infection?

a. Cough, diarrhea, headaches, blurred vision, muscle fatigue

d. Night sweats, fatigue, fever, and persistent generalized lymphadenopathy
c. Oropharyngeal candidiasis or thrush, vaginal candidal infection, or oral or genital herpes
d. Flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, swollen lymph glands, nausea, or diarrhea

A patient who is diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) tells the nurse, "I feel
obsessed with thoughts about dying. Do you think I am just being morbid?" Which response by the
nurse is best?
a. "Thinking about dying will not improve the course of AIDS."
b. "It is important to focus on the good things about your life now."
c. "Do you think that taking an antidepressant might be helpful to you?"
d. "Can you tell me more about the kind of thoughts that you are having?"

A pregnant woman with a history of asymptomatic chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection is seen at the clinic. The patient states, "I am very nervous about making my baby sick."
Which information will the nurse include when teaching the patient?
a. The antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV infection are teratogenic.
b. Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus.
c. Because she is at an early stage of HIV infection, the infant will not contract HIV.
d. It is likely that her newborn will become infected with HIV unless she uses antiretroviral therapy
(ART).
 A young adult female patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive has a new
prescription for efavirenz (Sustiva). Which information is most important to include in the medication
teaching plan?
a. Driving is allowed when starting this medication.
b. Report any bizarre dreams to the health care provider.
c. Continue to use contraception while on this medication.
d. Take this medication in the morning on an empty stomach

A patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected has a CD4+ cell count of 400/µL. Which
factor is most important for the nurse to determine before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy
(ART) for this patient?
a. HIV genotype and phenotype
b. Patient's social support system
c. Potential medication side effects
d. Patient's ability to comply with ART schedule

Which nursing action will be most useful in assisting a college student to adhere to a newly prescribed
antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen?
a. Give the patient detailed information about possible medication side effects.
b. Remind the patient of the importance of taking the medications as scheduled.
c. Encourage the patient to join a support group for students who are HIV positive.
d. Check the patient's class schedule to help decide when the drugs should be taken.

A patient treated for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for 6 years has developed fat
redistribution to the trunk, with wasting of the arms, legs, and face. What instructions will the nurse
give to the patient?
a. Review foods that are higher in protein.
b. Teach about the benefits of daily exercise.
c. Discuss a change in antiretroviral therapy.
d. Talk about treatment with antifungal agents.

Which strategy can the nurse teach the patient to eliminate the risk of HIV transmission?

a. Using sterile equipment to inject drugs

b. Cleaning equipment used to inject drugs
c. Taking zidovudine (AZT, ZDV, Retrovir) during pregnancy
d. Using latex or polyurethane barriers to cover genitalia during sexual contact

A patient who has vague symptoms of fatigue, headaches, and a positive test for human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test. What instructions
should the nurse give to this patient?
a. "The EIA test will need to be repeated to verify the results."
b. "A viral culture will be done to determine the progression of the disease."
c. "It will probably be 10 or more years before you develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS)."
d. "The Western blot test will be done to determine whether acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) has developed."
 A client who was tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after a recent exposure had a
negative result. During the post-test counseling session, the nurse tells the client which of the
following?

a) the test should be repeated in 6 months

b) this ensures that the client is not infected with the HIV virus
c) the client no longer needs to protect himself from sexual partners
d) the client probably has immunity to the acquired immunodeficiency virus

A client is diagnosed with late stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the client and family
are extremely upset about the diagnosis. The priority psychosocial nursing intervention for the client
and family is to:

a) tell the client and family to stop smoking because it will predispose the client to respiratory infections
b) tell the client and family that raw or improperly washed foods can produce microbes
c) encourage the client and family to discuss their feelings about the disease
d) advise the client to avoid becoming pregnant because of the risk of transmission of the infection

For a male client who has acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with chronic diarrhea, anorexia, a
history of oral candidiasis, and weight loss, which dietary instruction would be included in the
teaching plan?

A. "Follow a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet."

B. "Eat three large meals per day."
C. "Include unpasteurized dairy products in the diet."
D. "Follow a high-protein, high-calorie diet.

The blood test first used to identify a response to HIV infection is:

a. Western blot
b. ELISA test
c. CD4+ T-cell count
d. CBC

What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help an HIV-infected patient adhere to a
treatment regimen?

a. "Set up" a drug pillbox for the patient every week.

b. Give the patient a video and a brochure to view and read at home.
c. Tell the patient that the side effects of the drugs are bad but that they go away after a while.
d. Assess the patient's routines and find adherence cues that fit into the patient's life circumstances
A patient with a positive rapid antibody test result for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is anxious
and does not appear to hear what the nurse is saying. What action by the nurse is most important at
this time?

a. Teach the patient about the medications available for treatment.

b. Inform the patient how to protect sexual and needle-sharing partners.
c. Remind the patient about the need to return for retesting to verify the results.
d. Ask the patient to notify individuals who have had risky contact with the patient.

A client with HIV is being seen in the health clinic for follow up lab analysis. Which of the
following assessments by the nurse would indicate the client has likely progressed to
AIDS?
1. Weight loss of 4 pounds in the past 3 months
2. Lymphadenopathy of the cervical chain
3. Violet lesions over the client's nose and pinnae of the ears
4. Complaints of decreased appetite
A pregnant woman with a history of asymptomatic chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection is seen at the clinic. The patient states, "I am very nervous about making my baby sick."
Which information will the nurse include when teaching the patient?
a. The antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV infection are teratogenic.
b. Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus.
c. Because she is at an early stage of HIV infection, the infant will not contract HIV.
d. It is likely that her newborn will become infected with HIV unless she uses antiretroviral therapy
(ART).