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Environmental
Impact Assessment
Report
Narayanganj
Submitted to
Bangladesh Economic
Economic Zone
Zones Authority
June 2016
Disclaimer
The report has been prepared by PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt Ltd (PwC) for Bangladesh Economic
Zones Authority (BEZA). This is pursuant to the Scope of Work under the contract document
"Consulting Services for Social and Environmental Site Assessment of Five EZ Sites at Bangladesh"
issued by BEZA. PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt. Ltd. (PwC) has been appointed by BEZA to undertake an
initial site assessment for nine selected economic zones in Bangladesh. PwC would be undertaking the
commercial aspects of the scope of work, the technical aspects have been sub contracted to Mahindra
Consulting Engineers Ltd. (MACE). Any third party should obtain prior consent of PwC before copying
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document. The information contained in this document is selective and is subject to updating,
expansion, revision and amendment. It does not, and does not purport to contain all the information
that a recipient may require. Further this is not an audit report and no reliance should be based on this
report for the purposes of audit.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary 14
2. Introduction 25
4. Project Description 41
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
5.1. Methodology 54
5.2. Baseline data Collection 54
5.2.1. Meteorology 55
5.2.2. Water Resources 63
5.2.3. Land Resources 77
5.2.4. Ambient Air Quality 83
5.2.5. Ambient Noise Quality 84
5.2.6. Water Environment 85
5.2.7. Agricultural Resources 90
5.2.8. Livestock and poultry 90
5.2.9. Fisheries 90
5.2.10. Ecological Resources 90
5.2.11. Socio-economic Conditions 93
5.2.12. Traffic Survey 104
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
List of Figures
Figure 1: Photographs of the project site................................................................................26
Figure 2: Location Map of Narayanganj EZ.......................................................................... 27
Figure 3: Steps for Obtaining Environment Clearance from DoE ....................................... 40
Figure 4: Location of Economic Zone ..................................................................................... 41
Figure 5: Mouza map of proposed site ................................................................................... 41
Figure 6: Site Surrounding Features......................................................................................42
Figure 7: Project Area of Influence .........................................................................................47
Figure 8: Contour map of the proposed EZ for 5 kmradius (Bandar-Narayanganj) ..........47
Figure 9: Location of power plants in the vicinity of proposed EZ .......................................48
Figure 10: Sources of drinking water in Bandar and Sonargaon upzila..............................49
Figure 11: Utility map for the proposed site location.............................................................50
Figure 12: Connectivity of the proposed Economic Zones via Road, Rail and Airport ........52
Figure 13: Embankment Details .............................................................................................54
Figure 14: Embankment cross-section details ....................................................................... 55
Figure 15: Structural Details for Pile, Plinth beam and Fencing...........................................56
Figure 16: EZ location on Upzila Map.................................................................................... 41
Figure 17: Project site and surroundings ...............................................................................42
Figure 18: Mouza Map with the project site...........................................................................42
Figure 19: Contour Map of the Proposed EZ ..........................................................................42
Figure 20: Topography of the Site.........................................................................................43
Figure 21: Geological log for Narayanganj District ..............................................................45
Figure 22: Geological Map of Bangladesh ............................................................................46
Figure 23: Geological Map of Narayanganj .........................................................................47
Figure 24: Proposed zoning map of Narayanganj Economic Zone .....................................48
Figure 25: Zoning map of designated Narayanganj Economic Zone ..................................49
Figure 26: Detailed Master Plan of Narayangonj Economic Zone ...................................... 51
Figure 27: Detailed Utility Map of Narayangonj Economic Zone........................................52
Figure 28: Wind Rose Diagrams ............................................................................................ 57
Figure 29: Average monthly sunshine hours in Narayanganj, 2015 ...................................62
Figure 30: Drainage Pattern of the Project Site...................................................................63
Figure 31: Riverbank Erosion Pattern in Bangladesh ..........................................................64
Figure 32: Changes in River Morphology, Sitalakhya River ...............................................65
Figure 33: Flow Regime of Sitalakhya River, 2003 .............................................................66
Figure 34: Flow Regime of Sitalakhya River, 2005 .............................................................66
Figure 35: Flow Regime of Sitalakhya River, 2008 .............................................................67
Figure 36: Flow Regime of Sitalakhya River, 2010 .............................................................67
Figure 37: Flow Regime of Sitalakhya River, 2014..............................................................68
Figure 38: Flow Regime of Sitalakhya River, 2016 .............................................................68
Figure 39: Groundwater Zoning Map in Bangladesh, 2010 ................................................70
Figure 40: Groundwater setting of Narayanganj, Bangladesh ........................................... 71
Figure 41: Seismicity Map of Bangladesh .............................................................................. 72
Figure 42: Cyclone affected area map of Bangladesh ........................................................... 73
Figure 43: Cyclone tracking map of Bangladesh...................................................................74
Figure 44: Flood affected area map of Bangladesh ............................................................... 75
Figure 45. Agroecological Regions of Bangladesh................................................................. 77
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
List of Tables
Table 1: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Plan for site preparation and construction
of Administration Building ..................................................................................................... 17
Table 2: Mitigation Measures Suggested for Developer........................................................ 21
Table 3: Site Details of the proposed site................................................................................25
Table 4: Compliance of TOR Points ........................................................................................29
Table 5: EIA Team...................................................................................................................32
Table 6: Reference Used for EIA Study ..................................................................................34
Table 7: Applicability of Key Environmental Legislation at a Glance ..................................36
Table 8: Strength and Weakness of Site .................................................................................44
Table 9: Frequency of passanger trains from Narayanganj to Dhaka................................. 51
Table 10: Implementation Schedule of Off-site Infrastructural Details ................................33
Table 11: Estimated Project Cost............................................................................................ 40
Table 12: Zoning of Narayanganj Economic Zone.................................................................49
Table 13: Design phases ..........................................................................................................53
Table 14: Primary Baseline Data Collection ..........................................................................54
Table 15: Monthly minimum and average minimum temperature during Jan 2005 to Dec
2014.......................................................................................................................................... 55
Table 16: Monthly maximum and average maximum temperature during Jan 2005 to Dec
2014.......................................................................................................................................... 55
Table 17: Monthly average relative humidity during Jan 2005 to Dec 2014........................56
Table 18: Monthly total and 10 years average monthly rainfall during Jan 2005 to Dec
2014..........................................................................................................................................56
Table 19: List of Major Earthquakes in Bangladesh .............................................................. 73
Table 20: List of Tornadoes had hit the Bangladesh..............................................................76
Table 21: Land Type Classification.........................................................................................79
Table 22: Representative K values for Unconsolidated Geology...........................................82
Table 23: Ambient Air Monitoring conducted within the project site premises ...................83
Table 24: Air quality at Narayanganj (adjacent to site) in 2015 (µg/m3) (EIA of
Basundhara Industrial Complex) ...........................................................................................84
Table 25: Ambient noise levels at the EZ site, 2016 ...............................................................84
Table 26: Ambient noise levels at the proposed site and surrounding areas (EIA of
Basundhara Industrial Complex) ...........................................................................................85
Table 27: Comparitive Analysis of the data analysed presently in 2016, from DoE in 2014
and from Basundhara Cement Plant in 2013. ........................................................................85
Table 28: Electrical Conductivity in Sitalakhya River during 2014 (µs/cm)........................87
Table 29: Total Alkalinity in Sitalakhya River during 2014 (mg/L)....................................87
Table 30: Comparitive Analysis of the groundwater quality data analysed presently in
2016 and from Basundhara Cement Plant in 2013. ...............................................................89
Table 31: Arsenic contamination in Groundwater in Narayanganj ................................... 90
Table 32: Fauna Species in the project area........................................................................... 91
Table 33: Floral Species in the project area .......................................................................... 91
Table 34: Fish Species in the Study Area ..............................................................................92
Table 35: Demographic Data................................................................................................94
Table 36: PAPs categorized based on their age....................................................................94
Table 37: Literacy level of PAPs ............................................................................................95
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
1. Executive Summary
The Government of Bangladesh has embarked on the program to develop new Economic Zones (EZs)
in the country to promote inclusive economic growth and job creation through the developments of
industries. Under the same objective they have conceptualized the Private Sector Development and
Support Project (PSDSP) which is supported by the World Bank.
Under PSDSP, PricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited (PwC) has been appointed by Bangladesh
Economic Zone Authority (BEZA) to undertake the Environment Impact Assessment for the
Narayanganj (Sonargaon/Bandar) Economic Zone.
The total proposed project area comprises of 340 acres. The land ownership of the 340 acers
demarcated for the project is as follows:
166.09 acres has been allocated to the local stakeholders by DC categorized as “Bandobastho
Land”. The land cateogirzed as “Bandobastho Land” has been considered as Private Owned
Land.
49.5 acres of Khas land has been transferred to BEZA by DC and is presently owned by BEZA.
The major roads which connect Narayanganj with the rest of the country are:
The proposed EZ site is linked by the Bandor-Madonpur Highway (R113). The site is about 7 Kms from
Narayanganj Railway Station and around 48 Kms from Dhaka International Airport. The site is abutted
by Sitalkhya River on the southern side, Meghna Bridge on the eastern side, Sitalakhya Bridge and
highway, Mukhtapur-Dhaka Road on the western side and river and residential settlements on the
northern side.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
1.1.3 Rainfall
Rainy season in Dhaka mainly prevails from May to October. The average monthly rainfall in Dhaka for
the period Jan 2005 to Dec 2014 varied between 3.5 mm in the month of January and 412.8 mm in the
month of July. The rainfall follows the general climate pattern with the highest rainfall in the summer
from April to October and minimum rainfall in the winter from November to March.
The area experiences wind speeds lower than 5 m/s for 98% of time. Of this half the time (44.4%of the
time) is calm condition throughout the year (wind speeds in the range of 1-2.5 m/s). This indicates the
weather conditions are not favorable for dispersion of pollutants released in the air. Month wise
prevailing wind speeds are as follows: predominantly calm conditions prevail during January to March
and September to December periods with the area experiencing wind speeds in the range of 1-2.5 m/s.
The remaining five months experience lesser calm conditions and wind speeds in the range of 2.5 – 5
m/s.
Narayanganj lies in central Bangladesh it does not lie in risk area and high wind area.
Narayanganj lies in river/monsoon flood affected area. Since, Sitalakhya River is the main surface water
body in that area, the proposed site is exposed to high flood risk. Consultations with local people during
site visit indicated that there is regular flooding of the project site area during monsoon season. The
approximate flooding is about 5 to 6 feet at certain places.
Aquatic Fauna
The fishes include catfishes (magura and shing), major carps (katla, rui, and mrigal), minor carps
(puti), other (Tengra, Boal, Mola, Shol). Also prawn, particularly the popular small prawns, locally
known as lchha are available.
Reptile
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
The common types of reptiles are found in the study area includes, water snake, house lizard, soft-shell,
turtle etc.
Amphibians
Mostly Toads and frogs-two species are prominent.
Mammals
These include fruit bat, Squirrel, field and house mousses, and flying box. No major mammal species
of national significance are present in this area.
Birds
The commonly spotted birds in the project area include kingfishers, house crow, house sparrow, little
fern etc.
1.1.9 Fisheries
No pisciculture or fish culture are being practiced within the proposed site area. Fishing is a common
practice at the project site and people catch fish from the Sitalakhya River and sell it in the local market.
1.1.10 Socio-economic
In the project area of influence, most of the affected people were found to be within the age bracket of
18-30 which constituted 35.71% of the total affected PAPs. Considering the age group ranging from 18-
40 as the youth age bracket, a total of 120 within that age group were found to be impacted. So 57.14%
of the total affected people are in the age group of 18-40 which is considered as the youth bracket age
group. 100% project affected persons are Muslims.
Of the total affected population, 13.33% of the men have achieved secondary level of education where
as 10.47% of the women population has achieved secondary level of education. Illiterate populations
comprise of 9.52% of the total PAPs whereas illiterate population in women was 8.57% of the total
PAP’s. 0.95% males and 0.47% of females of the total population were found to have some kind of
vocational and technical trainings. The low education levels emphasize the need for stress on technical
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
education and skill enhancement programs in the region for employment in the industries proposed in
the Economic Zone.
Data on health status of affected households indicate that nearly 42.00% of the families have suffered
from illness during the last year. Kidney ailment at one household and cardiac ailment at three
households were reported which could be categorized as major chronic ailments. Apart from that, the
disease reported in the area were respiratory diseases, gastric issues, arthritis.
As per the findings of the social survey a total of 2 Upazilla Health Complex are there in Bandar and
Sonargaon Upazila. A total of 16 Community Health Centre are there in Bandar and Sonargaon Upazila.
A total of 15 private hospital and dispensaries are there in both the upazilas.
18.09% of PAPs are fishermen. All of them are males. These people catch fish from the Sitalakhya River
and sell them at the local market. 38.09% of the PAPs are housewives and 9.04% of the total PAPs are
farmers. All the farmers are males.
Out of the 210 of the total surveyed PAPs, 18 males (8.57%) and 81 females (38.57%) falls under the no
income group. 2 males (0.95%) and 5 females (2.38%) of the total 210 PAPs, falls within income range
of BDT 2000-3000 (per person). 49 males (23.33%) and just 3 females (1.42%) of the total 210 PAPs,
do earn above BDT 10,000 per month. People earning more than BDT 10,00o are majorly fishermen
while few were found to be working at shops at Dhaka. These people who are mostly dependent on
agricultural lands, fishing etc have low to medium level of income. Most of the houses which falls within
the affected area doesn’t have basic amenities like electricity.
Women in the region primarily are involved in household work. They are also involved in decision
making involving decisions like education of children, decisions before social functions etc.
Development of an economic zone will further benefit the socio-economic levels of women and also of
the society.
Site development
Administrative building
Land filling
External power supply system and substation at project site
External water supply arrangement
The following table gives general mitigation measures:
Table 1: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Plan for site preparation and
construction of Administration Building
Removal of When clearing the site, care shall be taken to keep vegetation clearing at a minimum
Vegetation Removal of as little vegetation as possible during the development and re-vegetation
of bare areas after the project.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Setting up of The construction camps should be at least 500 m distance from habitations from the
construction nearest settlements to avoid conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with
camps/labour the local community.
camps Location for stockyards for construction materials will be identified at least 1 km from
water sources
The living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour shall be erected and
maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer
All sites used for camps will be adequately drained. There should not be any risk of
periodic flooding, nor located within 300 feet of pools, sink holes or other surface
collections of water
The camps will be located such that the drainage from and through the camps will not
endanger any domestic or public water supply
All sites will be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water
may get stagnant and become a nuisance
Construction camps shall be provided with sanitary latrines (1 per 25 pax), bathing
facility and urinals.
Sanitary latrines shall be under cover and so partitioned off as to secure privacy, and
shall have a proper door and fastenings
Adequate and suitable facilities for washing clothes and utensils shall be provided and
maintained for the use of contract labour employed therein.
Sewerage drains will be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp.
Drains and ditches will be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis.
The sewage system for the camp will be properly designed, built and operated so that
no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or adjacent watercourses
takes place.
Appropriate care should be taken to ensure that the soak pits/ toilets will not penetrate
the aquifer to minimize the contamination of the ground water
Clean potable drinking water facility should be provided at the site and the water
quality should be monitored regularly
Crèche facility should be provided for children if female workers are employed
First aid facilities should be made available at construction camp. First aid box should
contain small, medium and large sized sterilized dressings, sterilized burns dressings,
2 % alcoholic solution of iodine, bottle containing salvolatile, snakebite lancet, , bottle
of potassium permanganate crystals, scissors, Ointment for burns & surgical antiseptic
solution
1 first aid box should be available for every 50 labour
A person trained in first-aid treatment should be made in charge who will always be
readily available during emergency
A suitable motor transport shall be kept readily available to carry injured or ill person
to the nearest hospital.
The beach area should be restricted for the workers after sunset
There should not be lighting at the beach area during night time
Landfilling Residential facility or sensitive facilities like hospitals, schools etc shall not be located
in downwind direction of the identified sites for getting landfilling material.
The soil used for landfilling should have similar characterisctis to the native soil and
free of any type of contamination.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Dredging should be carried out during day time to minimize impacts on marine life.
Soil Erosion and Contractor should plan the activities so that no loose earth surface is left out before the
Sedimentation onset of monsoon.
control Top soil from debris disposal sites & along the road side should be stripped and kept
under covered shed for plantation
After the construction activity is over, top soil will be utilized for landscaping activity.
To avoid soil compaction along the transportation routes, only identified haul roads
would be used for transportation.
Turfing of low embankments and plantation of grasses and shrubs should be done in
slope stabilization.
Soil erosion checking measures as the formation of sediment basins, slope drains, etc,
should be carried out.
Minimize tree felling and vegetation removal
Stockpiling should be done in the opposite of wind direction
Disposal of Waste from construction camp should be segregated at site. Food/wet waste should be
Debris and any composted in pit at the site, recyclable should be send to authorized recyclers and
waste generated rejected waste should be disposed regularly through responsible agency in the area
Dustbins should be provided at the site and construction camps to prevent littering of
waste
Storage area of minimum 2 days should be provided at construction camp for storage
of the waste generated from labour camps
Construction debris should also be segregated at the site. This debris should be used
for filling to the extent possible. Recyclable waste should be sold through authorized
dealers and reject waste should be sent to the identified debris disposal site
All arrangement for transportation during construction including provision,
maintenance, dismantling and clearing debris, where necessary will be considered
incidental.
Construction debris should be stored under covered sheds on paved surfaces to prevent
leaching
Any hazardous waste generated during construction activity shall be stored at
designated place and then disposed through the TSDF using high temperation
incenaration or any other chemical, thermal, biological, and physical methods.
Chemical methods include ion exchange, precipitation, oxidation and reduction, and
neutralization.
Utmost care shall be taken to ensure safe collection, transport and disposal of
construction waste and debris.
Dust Generation Vehicles delivering materials should be covered with tarpaulin to reduce spills and dust
blowing off the load.
Compaction of prepared site to re-strain the fugitive emissions.
Water should be sprayed in the cement and earth mixing sites as well as after
compaction.
In high dust areas, workers should be provided and encouraged to use masks.
Regular maintenance, servicing of the vehicles and periodic emission check for
equipment and machinery would be carried out in conformity with Schedule 6 –
‘Standards for Emission from Motor’ of The Environment Conservation Rules
1997 (Amended 2002);
Water will be sprayed on the haul road.
All the vehicles entering the project site will be checked for Pollution-Under-Control
Certificates.
Air quality monitoring to be carried out during construction phase to check the
pollutants level in the air
Procurement & Specifications of crushers, hot mix plants and batching plants, other Construction
Setting up of Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery to be procured should comply to the DoE
Crushers, Hot- Standards/ norms
mix plants, other Aadequate stack height and emission control devices such as bag house filters, cyclone
Vehicles, separators, water scrubbers etc., should be attached
Equipment and Impervious platform for storage of bituminous and other liquid hazardous chemical
Machinery Pollution control measures for Diesel Generator (DG) set i.e. stack height (calculated
by H = h+ 0.2 * Sqrt(kVA) where h = height of building where generator set is installed
and kVA is total generator capacity), acoustic enclosure etc. should be ensured
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Provision of readily available first aid kit, fire fighting equipments at the plant site at
appropriate location to respond in case of accident.
Periodical monitoring of air quality and noise levels as per conditions stipulated under
the statutory clearance from DoE. Whenever the emission exceeds the permissible level
the plants should be stopped and necessary repairing works of faults should be done to
bring down the emission levels
Contamination of Impervious platform and oil and grease trap for collection of spillage from construction
soil equipment vehicle maintenance platform will be appropriately provided at
construction camp, servicing area and liquid fuel and lubes at storage areas.
Proper management of waste from labour camps and construction site
Proper disposal of wastewater generated from labour camp and construction site
Contamination of Car washing / workshops near water bodies will be avoided.
surface & ground Avoid excavation during monsoon season
water Loosened soil will be stabilized by Contractor through landscaping and developing
vegetation, wherever possible, once construction activity is completed at any site.
Sanitation facility with septic tank followed by soak pit will be developed. Common
toilets will be constructed on site during construction phase and the waste water would
be channelized to the septic tanks and soak pits in order to prevent waste water to enter
into the water bodies.
Provision of oil & grease traps upstream of storm water drains
Surface run off due to construction activity will not be discharged in open without
treatment.
Loss of water No excavation from the bund of the water bodies.
bodies/ surface / No earth will be excavated for development of any off-site facility
ground No debris disposal near any water body.
Prior written permission from authorities is required for use of water for construction
activity.
Construction labours to be restricted from polluting the source or misusing the source.
Labour camps will be located away from water bodies.
Drainage and The Contractor will always clear all the cross drainage structures and natural drainage
runoff before onset of monsoon in order to keep all drainage unblocked Earth, stones, wastes
and spoils will be properly disposed off, to avoid blockage of any drainage channel.
All necessary precautions will be taken to construct temporary or permanent devices
to prevent inundation
Noise from Construction activities would be carried out in the daytime only.
Vehicles, Plants The construction equipment would be provided with adequate noise control measures
and Equipment and should comply with the noise standards as prescribed by DoE
Regular maintenance of vehicles and equipment would be carried out and corrective
action taken in case of any deviation.
Ear muff/ear plug shall be given to the workers working around or operating plant and
machinery emitting high noise levels.
DG sets if installed should be provided with acoustic enclosures
Labour working in noise prone area should be provided with ear plugs and job rotation
should be practiced to prevent the prolonged exposure of any workers to high noise
levels
Loss or damage to Vegetation will be removed from the construction zone before commencement of
vegetation construction. All works will be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora
other that those identified for cutting is minimum.
Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary
temporary works will be removed with prior approval from the Environmental Expert.
Trees identified under the project will be cut only after receiving clearance from the
Forest Department
Vegetation only with girth of over 30 cm measured at a height of 1.0 m above the
ground will be considered as trees and shall be compensated.
Compensatory plantation should be carried out in the ratio of 1:2
Loss, damage or Construction workers will be directed not to disrupt or damage the fauna.
disruption to Construction vehicles will run along specified access to avoid disturbing the habitats
fauna of flora and fauna.
EZ development should be planned in such a way to avoid or minimize tree cutting
Twice the nos. of trees to be fell should be planted as compensatory plantation in
affected areas to minimize the impact on the eco-system
No waste shall be discharged in water bodies
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Green buffer all around the project site will include most of the native plant species,
which will significantly improve the ecology of the area.
Periodic monitoring shall be carried out as per the monitoring plan for air, water, noise
and soil and ensure that no impact
Tree survival rate shall be monitored
Accidents Safety officer should be appointed at site to ensure all the safety guidelines are being
followed at site
Cautionary guidance should be provided at site to aware people about the associated
risk with the area. Entry to the fuel storage room or machinery operation room should
be restricted only to authorized trainer personnel
All Accidents shall be reported immediately and incident analysis, preventive measures
shall be implemented.
Clearing of Contractors shall prepare site restoration plans. The plans shall be implemented prior
Construction of to demobilization.
Camps & On completion of works, all temporary structures shall be cleared, all rubbish burnt,
Restoration excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and sealed and the site left clean and
tidy.
Occupational All construction worker should wear PPEs including safety jacket, helmet, gloves, gum
Health & Safety boots, ear plugs, mask while working at the site
Plan Workers should be made aware about the health issues related with open defecation
Training to workers should be provided for handling the construction equipment and
machinery
Training to the workers should be provided to handle the emergency situations like
fire, floods etc.
First aid facility and sufficient nos. of trained personnel should be available at all the
time at construction camp
Cautionary signage and notice should be displayed in local language and English at the
required places like fuel storage area so that hazards can be avoided. A security guard
should be deputed in these areas and entry should be restricted
A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall be kept and maintained up
to date. The register shall include the trade name, physical properties and
characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe
handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the
product.
A register of Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) relating to all hazardous substances
on board, will be maintained
Disaster Precaution will be taken to prevent danger of the workers and the public from fire, flood,
Management drowning, etc. All necessary steps will be taken for prompt first aid treatment of all injuries
likely to be sustained during the course of work.
Identification of Site for Site identified should be 1.0 km away from settlement, sensitive
Disposal of construction Debris, locations, like school, hospital, religious structures, reseve forest
construction labour camp and and any other eco-sensitive zone etc.
plant site Site identified should be approved by BEZA and PMC
Site should be located in downwind direction from settlement area
Fertile agricultural land and community land should be avoided
for setting of these facilities
Air Pollution Sprinkling of water during construction phase on all unpaved
roads, site and haul roads
Avoiding excess pilling of raw material and debris at site
Storage & transportation of raw material and debris in covered
conditions
Cutting of only identified trees after obtaining permission of forest
department
Regular cleaning of site
Guiding signage should be provided at the site for vehicles
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Construction activities for the development of project should be started after obtaining
environment clearance certificate from DoE, Bangladesh
Trees cutting should be minimum and compensatory plantation should be carried out in ratio
of 2:1 (i.e. 2 trees planted for every tree cut)
Proper training of maintaining environment, health and safety should be given to Project
management unit in both construction and operation phase
Provision of garland drain, thick green belt, STP, segregated storm water shall be adhered to.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Before development, seperate environment impact assessment study should be carried out by
individual units proposed to be developed in the EZ.
Ecological assessment should be carried out for the proposed EZ before commencement of the
project.
While commencement of the project, care should be taken to minimize impacts on biodiversity.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
2. Introduction
The Government of Bangladesh has embarked on the program to develop new Economic Zones (EZ)
in the country, with the objective of inclusive economic growth and job creation through developments
of industries. The new EZ regime provides for a new approach both in management and investment.
Bangladesh Economic Zone Authority (BEZA) has been promulgated under the Bangladesh Economic
Zones Act, 2010 to develop the Economic Zones across the country. BEZA, after the initial site
assessment, finalized to develop an Economic Zone housing Jute and Cotton mills, Textile and
Readymade Garments (RMG), Warehousing, Shipbuilding, Construction materials Agro, Food and Fish
processing, light engineering industries in the Bandar and Sonargaon upazila under Narayanganj
district.
As part of the Private Sector Development and Support Project (PSDSP), supported by the World Bank,
PricewaterhouseCoopers Private Limited (PwC) was appointed by BEZA to undertake the
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Narayanganj economic zone.
Administrative building
Land filling
External power supply system and substation at project site
Water supply arrangement at project site from borewells
Parameters Details
Site co-ordinates 23° 34' 26.41"N to 23° 35' 35.06"N latitude, 90° 30'
48.88"E to 90° 33'25.28"E longitude
Site boundaries on East Meghna bridge
Site boundaries onWest Shitalkhya Bridge and Highway, Mukthapar-Dhaka Road
Site boundaries on North River & Residential houses
Site boundaries on South Shitalkhya River
Total area of the site 340 acres
Land tenure details Private Land and Government owned
Vicinity of proposed site Proposed EZ area is surrounded by:
Dhaleshwari River- South to North-West
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Source: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-h-64leOs7E/Tnevk6J4w_I/AAAAAAAAAEA/o_USBFVktMU/s1600/
Narayanganj+District+Map.gif
The Government of Bangladesh has, in the past, successfully provided tailored infrastructure services
and business environment conditions through EPZs. EPZs were used as a strategic instrument for
attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and dealing with the shortcomings of the overall investment
climate, business registration, licensing, etc. which were restricting investments in the Domestic Tariff
Area (DTA).
To overcome the limitations of EPZ model, new EZ regime has been adopted by the Government of
Bangladesh so as more spill-over can be harnessed by local firms from FDI , additional investments can
be encouraged within value chains, more local produce can be procured and better linkages can be
established between manufacturing firms and educational institutions.
The EZ development, a zoned industrialization, is required in Bangladesh to maximize the growth
benefits of agglomeration and ease the increasing urban congestion. More importantly, the project will
enable new sources of growth, where investor will show their interest.
Identification and review of applicable local, state, national and international environmental and
social regulatory and institutional frameworks;
Establishment of environmental baseline conditions of the site and surrounding area through the
following:
Detailed surveys to observe environmental and social characteristics of the project area;
Discussions with the stakeholders and identification key issues during planning,
construction and operation phase of the project;
Baseline data collection of the site and project area with respect to water and soil quality,
ambient air and noise quality, environmental hazards and
Ecological assessment on flora and fauna of the site and project area through secondary
data collection.
Assessment of the socio-economic environment through collation of secondary information of the
site, supplemented by consultations with the local communities to understand community
perception with regard to the project and its activities;
Preparation of the EIA report which includes:
Project Description describing the proposed project and its geographic, ecological, social,
health and temporal context, including any related facilities that may be required;
Applicable Environmental Regulatory Framework including host country regulations,
obligations for implementing relevant international social and environmental treaties,
agreements, and conventions and WB Operational policies;
Environmental Baseline Conditions on the basis of the above identified parameters to
understand the profile of the area and describe relevant physical, biological, health and
labour conditions in the project area of influence;
Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures for environmental and social components for
pre-construction/construction and operation phases. To minimize the adverse impacts
mitigations measures will also be suggested; and
Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Management System which
includes the following:
o Mitigations for adverse environmental impacts and associated risks;
o Institutional arrangement - management tools and techniques for the
implementation of environmental impacts and risk mitigations;
o Monitoring and reporting of requirements and mechanisms for the effective
implementation of the suggested mitigations;
o Monitoring arrangements for effective implementation of suggested mitigations
for the proposed project; and
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
I The project authority shall conduct a comprehensive EIA study has been carried out in
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study line with the ToR Approved by
considering the overall activity of the said project in DoE and WB guidelines
accordance with this ToR and following additional
suggestions
II The EIA Report should be prepared in accordance Agreed
with following indicative outlines:
1 Executive Summary Refer Chapter 1
2 Introduction: (background, brief description, Refer Chapter 2
rationale of the project, scope of study,
methodology, limitation, EIA team, references)
3 Legislative, regulation and policy consideration Refer Chapter 3
(covering the potential legal, administrative,
planning and policy framework within which the
EIA will be prepared)
4 Project Description Refer Chapter 4
i. Introduction Section 4.1
ii. Project objective Section 4.2
iii. Project options Section 4.2
iv. Interventions under selected options Section 4.3
v. Project activities: A list of the main project activities Section 4.5
to be undertaken during site clearing, construction
as well as operation
vi. Project schedule: The phase and timing for Section 4.6
development of the project
vii. Resources and utilities demand: Resources required Section 4.7
to develop the project, such as soil and construction
material and demand for utilities (water, electricity,
sewerage, waste disposal and others), as well as
infrastructure (road, drains, and others) to support
the project
viii. Map and survey information Section 4.8
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Chapter 2: Introduction
This chapter provides background information of the project proponent, need for the EIA study as per
prevailing legislation, Location and brief description of the project, methodology adopted for EIA study
and structure of the report.
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This Chapter provides mitigation and control measures to attenuate and/or eliminate environmental
impacts, which are likely to be caused by the proposed project. An Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) has been developed to mitigate the potential adverse impacts and to strengthen the beneficial
impacts. This chapter also provides the environmental monitoring plan proposed for the project.
2.8. References
List of secondary data used for carrying out EIA study and preparation of EIA report is given at the
following table.
S. No. Reference
Government Departments
1. Bangladesh Economic Zone Authority
2. Department of Public Health and Engineering
3. Department of Environment
4. Bangladesh Meteorological Department
5. Bangladesh Forest Research Institute
6. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
7. Geological survey of Bangladesh
8. Bangladesh Water Development Board
9. Department of Disaster Management
10. Bangladesh Inland Water Terminal Authority (BIWTA)
11. Keraniganj Upazila Office
12. Keraniganj Union Office
13. District Forest Department, Cox Bazar
Journals & Books
1. Population and Housing Census-2011, Community Report: Munshiganj, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics,
Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning
2. Sirajur Rahman Khan, Revised by Michiel Damen, ITC, Cyclone Hazard in Bangladesh, 2013
3. Banani Mandal, Arunava Mukherjee, Subrata Sarkar & Samir Banerjee, Study on the Ornamental Fin Fish of
Indian Sundarbans with Special Reference to Few Floral Sources for Carotenoid Pigmentation, 2012
4. Community Report Dhaka Zila June 2012, Population and Housing Census 2011, Bangladesh Bureau of
Statistics, Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning
5. District Dhaka 2011 Dhaka, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Statistics and Infrmation Division (SID),
Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
6. Sample Baseline and Preliminary Estimation by Baangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
(BUET), 2012.
7. Keraniganj Upazila Health Complex, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Health Bulletin 2014
8. Tonmoy Sarker, Sedimentation process at Navigation Channel of Mongla Port on the Pasur Sibsa river system
in Bangladesh, UNESCO IHE Institute of Water Education The Netherlands
9. “Consequences of Climate Change on Fish Biodiversity in the River Turag, Bangladesh: A Community
Perception Studies” by B.Paul, Md. Hasan Faruque and Dewan Ali Ahsan; World Journal of Fish and Marine
Sciences 6 (2): 136 – 141; Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka
10. Adhikary, S.K., Gupta A. D. & Babel M.S., Modelling Groundwater Fow and Salinity Intrusion by Advective
Transport in the Regional Unconfined Aquifer of SouthWest Bangladesh
11. Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 Formulation Project, River System Management, 2015
12. Assessing Risk to Groundwater from On-Site Sanitation: Scientific Review and Case Studies, British
Geological Survey
13. Land Use Change Detection of the Buriganga River using GIS tools and its Water Management for Promoting
a Sustainable Environment, Syed Mahmud-ul-Islam, May 2011
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
14. “Investigation of Vertical Distribution of Soil Elements at Central Part of Bangladesh Using Neutron
Activation Analysis” by Md. Saifur Rahman, Syed Md. Hossain, Md. Jamal Uddin; International Journal of
Environmental Protection: Feb 2013, Vol. 3 (5 – 13)
15. Final Report on Development of Deep Aquifer Database and Preliminary Deep Aquifer (First Phase), March
2006, Local Government Division, Ministry of LGRD.
16. “Urban Groundwater Protection and Management: Lessons from 2 Developing City Case Studies in
Bangladesh and Kyrghyzstan” by B.L Morris, R.G Litvak and K.M Ahmed
17. “Preparation of Detailed Area Plan for Dhaka Metropolitan Development Planning (DMDP) Area” by
Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK); Ministry of Housing and Public Works, Government of
Bangladesh
Existing Studies
1. Md. Golam Mahabub Sarwar, Impacts of Sea Level Rise on the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh, Land University
International Masters, Programmes in Environmental Sciences, 2005
2. Lubna Seal, Mohammed Abdul Baten, Salinity Intrusion in Interior Coast: A New Challenge to Agriculture
in South Central part of Bangladesh, Unnayan Onneshan-The Innivators
3. Fisheries Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh, 2012-2013, department of Fisheries, Bangladesh, Ministry of
Fisheries and Livestock
4. Final Report, Prepraration of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for DMPD area: Location 3, RAJUK
5. Research Report on State of Bangladesh’s Water by Hamidur Rahman Khan with the support of Nippon
Foundation, 2004
6. “Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 Formulation Project”: River Systems Management ; Baseline Study, August
2015: General Economics Division, Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh
7. “Effects of Climate Change on River Morphology in Bangladesh and a Morphological Assessment of
Sitalakhya River” by S.Hossain, M.Rahman, F. Nusrat, R. Rahman and N.F.Anisha: Journal of River
Research Institute (RRI)
8. “Assessing effect of climate change on the water quality of Sitalakhya River using WASP model” by Md.
Akramul Alam, A.B.M Badruzzamman and M.Ashraf Ali; Journal of Cibil Engineering (IEB); Vol. 41 (1)
(2013): Page 21-30
9. “Risk and Water Quality Assessment overview of River Sitalkhya in Bangladeh” by Mohammad Naushad
Alam, Professor Dr. Fazle Elahi, Professor Dr. Md. Didar-Ul-Alam; Academic Open Internet Journal, ISSN
1311-4360; Vol 19 (2006)
10. “Qualitive Assessment of Toxicity in the Sitalakhya River, Bangladesh” by Jahida B. Islam, Mammon Sarkar,
A.K.M. Luftor Rahman, K.Shahin Ahmed; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (2015); Vol. 41;
Page 25-30
Website
1. Wikipedia
2. Google maps
3. http://www.bangladeshtourismdirectory.com/bangladesh-archaeological-sites-list.html
4. Google earth imageries
5. http://www.saarc-sadkn.org/countries/bangladesh/disaster_mgt.aspx (Bangladesh Disaster Knowledge
Network)
6. http://www.bangladeshdeltaplan2100.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Sustainable-Transportation-3-
IWTFinal-June-2016.pdf
7. http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Agroecological_Zone
8. http://www.timeanddate.com/sun/bangladesh/dhaka?month=12&year=2015
Others
1. Site visits
2. Initial Site Assessment Reports
3. WB General EHS Guidelines
4. WB Performance Standards 2012
5. BEZA EMF
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Declaration of ecologically
critical areas
Categorization of industries,
development projects and other
activities on the basis of
pollution activities of the
existing or proposed industries/
development projects/ activities.
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The Building An Act to provide for the Applicable as the Regulatory authority is
Construction Act prevention of haphazard project involves Ministry of Works
1952 (with latest construction of building and development of
amendment excavation of tanks which are infrastructure
2006) likely to interfere with the
planning of certain areas in
Bangladesh
The Vehicle Act, To regulate vehicular exhaust Applicable as heavy Regular maintenance and
1927 emissions vehicle movement is upkeeping of the vehicles
The Motor involved both should be carried out.
Vehicles during construction Regulatory authority is
Ordinance, 1983 and operation phase Bangladesh Road Transport
The Bengal Authority
Motor Vehicle
Rules, 1940
The Factories This Act pertains to the Applicable as the Regulatory authority is
Act, 1965 occupational rights and safety of workers will be Ministry of labour
Bangladesh factory workers and the employed during
Labour Law provision of a comfortable work construction and
2006, environment and reasonable operation phase of
amendment working conditions. EZ
2013
Bangladesh
Labour Rules
2015
Policies
National For sustainable development Applicable for all Usage of energy efficient
Environment development building material, fuel etc.
Policy, 1992 projects should be encouraged
National Conservation of natural habitats, Applicable for all Usage of energy efficient
Environment bio-diversity, energy, development material, green building
Management sustainable development and projects techniques, reduction of
Action Plan 1995 improvement of life of people carbon foot prints etc.
National Sustainable development of Applicable for all Usage of energy efficient
Conservation Industrial Sector development material, green building
Stratergy projects techniques, reduction of
carbon foot prints etc.
The National Protecting the environment by Applicable. EIA Energy efficient materials
Energy Policy, requiring an EIA for any new study is to be and techniques should be
1995 energy development project, carried out explored
introduction of economically
viable and environment friendly
technology.
The National To ensure efficient and equitable Applicable. Ground Conjunctive use of water
Water Policy, management of water resources, water is required to should be explored
2000 proper harnessing and be withdrawn for
development of surface and fulfilling water
ground water, availability of requirement during
water to all concerned and operation phase
institutional capacity building for
water resource management
The National Addresses options for water Applicable as it is Installation of sewage
Water quality, considerations behind tourism sector reatment facility within the
Management measures to clean up industrial project and will premises
Plan, 2001 pollution, where effluent involve generation
discharge monitoring and zoning of sewage
regulations for new industries are
emphasized
World Bank’s
Safeguards
OP 4.01 Ensures sustainability and Triggered Project classified as Category
Environmental environmental feasibility of the A considering impacts of
Assessment project. Projects are classified project
into A, B & C category depending
on the nature and extent of the
impact.
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According to the Section 12 of the Environment Conservation Act 1995 no project will be established or
undertaken without obtaining permission, in the manner prescribed by the Environment Conservation
Rules 1997, an Environmental Clearance Certificate from the Director General. Therefore, every
development projects/industries which are specified under the Schedule – 1 of the Environment
Conservation Rules 1997 require obtaining site and environmental clearance from the Department of
Environment. According to the Rule 7 (1) of the Environment Conservation Rules 1997; for the purpose
of issuance of Environmental Clearance Certificate (ECC), every projects, in consideration of their site
and impact on the environment and will be classified into the four categories, i.e. green, orange A,
orange B and red. Development of off-site facilities for economic zone will fall under red category. Thus
EIA study is required to be carried out for the project. The present EIA study has been conducted for
the proposed project complying with the ToR and applicable World Bank guidelines. A schematic
representation of the various steps involved in obtaining the Environment Clearance certificate from
DoE for red category projects is given in Figure 3.
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4. Project Description
4.1. Project Introduction
The proposed project involves development of EZ and off-site facilities for Naryanganj Economic Zone
proposed to be developed by BEZA. The total proposed project area comprises of 340 acres. The major
roads which connect Narayanganj with the rest of the country are:
Narayanganj-Munshiganj Highway (R812);
Bandor-Madonpur Highway (R113); and
Dhaka-Narayanganj Link Road (R111).
The project site is abetting Shitalakhya River- South to North-West, confluence of three rivers
(Dhaleshwari, Shitalakhya and Meghna) - North East to South, Industrial and residential, facilities-
towards North. The location of project site is shown in figure 4 and figure 5.
The proposed project involves development of following offsite facilities to make site appropriate for
development of economic zone:
It is proposed to have textile (is it textile processing or garment making), warehousing, shipbuilding,
construction material (construction material like making of flooring tiles, ceramic material, etc), Agro,
food and fish processing and light engineering industries in the economic zone. Figure below shows the
Maouza map of the site.
Figure 5: Mouza map of proposed site
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Site development
Administrative building
Land filling
External power supply system and substation at project site
Construction of Embankments
It is proposed to develop an Economic Zone housing Jute and Cotton mills, Textile and Readymade
Garments (RMG), Warehousing, Shipbuilding, Construction materials Agro, Food and Fish processing, light
engineering industries.. Following development of offsite facilities, economic zone shall be developed under
Public Private Partnership Model and a separate Environmental Clearance shall be obtained on a later date.
The area likely to be affected by: (i) the project and the client’s activities and facilities that are directly owned,
operated or managed (including by contractors) and that are a component of the project; (ii) impacts from
unplanned but predictable developments caused by the project that may occur later or at a different location;
or (iii) indirect project impacts on biodiversity or on ecosystem services upon which Affected Communities’
livelihoods are dependent.
Associated facilities, which are facilities that are not funded as part of the project and that would not
have been constructed or expanded if the project did not exist and without which the project would not
be viable.
Cumulative impacts that result from the incremental impact, on areas or resources used or directly
impacted by the project, from other existing, planned or reasonably defined developments at the time
the risks and impacts identification process is conducted.
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Hence the area of influence for the project is the project site and the immediate air-shed including the
approach road to the site. Figure below shows the area of influce along with the site area highlighted.
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Based on the interaction with the UNO officials and local inhabitants, flood level during monsoon season
varies from 4 feet to 5 feet depth inside the proposed EZ area. To avoid inundation during monsoon season,
minimum land filling of 0.6 m above the flood level is considered. Thus an average depth of 6 feet to 8 feet
of land filling has been envisaged for the proposed EZ area.
The power plants in the close proximity of the proposed site location are shown in the figure below.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Bandar grid substation is located at 2 km (approx.) from the proposed site location. As per the discussions
with UNO officials, this substation has a total capacity of 2 x 50 MW and an excess capacity of 65 MW is also
available. A 33/11 KV substation is also located near the Summit power plant adjacent to the project
boundary. The 33/11 KV substation has a total capacity of 20 MW and an excess capacity of 5 MVA.
Preliminary assessment suggests that a new 132/33 kV substation could be established or the existing
substation could be upgraded for meeting the requirement of power at the proposed EZ.
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Based on the interaction with the local inhabitants, the ground water is available at a depth of 60 feet from
natural ground level. The proposed EZ is located adjacent to the confluence of three rivers viz. Meghna,
Dhaleswari and Shitalakhya. The water requirement for EZ will be met through borewells proposed to be
installed at the site location.
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4.5.5. Connectivity
The proposed site location is easily accessible by road. The distance between Bandar town and the proposed
site is approx. 5 km. Narayanganj is well-connected to Dhaka city and other major cities of Bangladesh by all
modes of transportation.
4.5.5.1. Road
Narayanganj is 32 km (approx.) away from the Dhaka city. There are three major roads which connect
Narayanganj to the rest of the country. These roads are:
Narayanganj-Munsiganj Highway (R812);
Bondor-Modonpur Highway (R113); and
Dhaka-Narayanganj Link Road (R111).
Naryanganj is easily accessible from Dhaka city by bus service (frequent bus service available by Ashian,
Bandhan, Utsav, Ananda, Setu and BRTC etc.).
4.5.5.2. Rail
There are two major railway stations in the Narayanganj district viz. Narayanganj and Chashara. The
Narayanganj railway station is located about 7 km from proposed EZ. Bangabandhu Sarak connects the
proposed EZ to the railway station and the traffic congestion is minimal throughout the stretch.
Travel time of passenger trains from Narayanganj to Dhaka is approx. 40-45 minutes. Apart from Dhaka,
Narayanganj is connected to Bahadurabad Ghat via Narayanganj–Bahadurabad Ghat line. There are branch
lines to Jagannathganj Ghat and Netrakona-Mohanganj. This MG rail track opened up the connectivity
prospect of places such as Gouripur, Kishoreganj, Bhairab Bazar and Mohanganj through branch lines. The
frequency of passanger train from Narayanganj to Dhaka is shown in table below.
4.5.5.3. Airport
Narayanganj EZ is located about 48 km from Hazrat Shah Jalal International Airport at Dhaka. The travel
time by road to Dhaka International Airport is 2.5-3 hours (approx.). The Govt. of Bangladesh has proposed
to construct a new international airport (Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib International Airport) in close
proximity to Dhaka to meet the demand of future growth in aviation sector. The Civil Aviation and Tourism
Ministry is in the process to finalise the location of the proposed international airport. Some of the locations
which are being considered as prospective locations for the development of new airport are: (1) Char Janajat
under Shibchar Upazila in Madaripur district, (2) Keyain and Latobdi under Shirajdikhan Upazila in
Munshiganj district and (3) Char Bilashpur under Dohar Upazila of Dhaka district. All these locations are
located within 50 km radius of the proposed EZ. Figure below illustrates the connectivity of the proposed
Economic Zones via Road, Rail and Airport mode of transportation.
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Figure 12: Connectivity of the proposed Economic Zones via Road, Rail and Airport
4.5.5.4. Port
The proposed site location is approx. 254 km from Chittagong port and 304 km from Mongla port. The
Narayanganj river port, one of the oldest in Bangladesh is located within 3.5 km (Water way) / 28 Km (Road
way) from the proposed EZ.
Narayanganj river port is situated on the banks of the Shitalakhya River and has four warehouses of 700
square metres each in addition to open storage area. Presently the river port consists of 5 berths and 8
anchorages. Most of the bulk cargos handled in this port consist of sand, stone, cement clinker and fly ash
whereas food grains are handled in bagged form. In addition an inland container terminal is being planned
at this location.
Various types of cargos are transported through Narayanganj Port. But there is no regular cargocservice for
carrying commodities. Commodities are generally carried by private arrangements and berthing facilities
provided by the BIWTA are used for loading and unloading purposes. Many business houses or industries
use private berthing facilities. Regular cargo service is operated between Kolkata and Narayanganj under
Protocol arrangement. Vessels traveling to Chattack from Kolkata also call at Narayanganj.
A substantial amount of cargos are transported through Engine Boats popularly known as Trawller or Cargo
or Bulkhead. A large number of such boats ply in the Sitalakhya River and carries construction materials,
mostly, fill materials. Country boats with sail, at present, are rarely found.
Site Development – It is proposed to develop the entire area of site for land filling work. An
embankment adjacent to the river is proposed to protect the site from flooding upto +3 m from NGL and
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
minimum site filling of average 1 m from the existing NGL for the entire site area. The proposed site plan
and site development works are shown in figures 12.
Construction of Access Road - The construction of the access road connecting the site from the
existing Bandar-Madanpur HIghway (R113)
Construction of Boundary Wall - Based on site visit and Mouza map, it is proposed to construct
boundary where ever the embankment is not envisaged wall for a length of approx 1.00 km. The height
of boundary wall shall be +2.1 m from NGL.
External water supply system - Based on the type of EZ and the site visit, the water demand was
revisited and total demand working out to 7.5 MLD Based on discussion with BEZA it is decided to
construct 2 bore wells within the site to meet the initial demand of 1 MLD. The bore well of depth shall
be around 200 to 225 meter. In addition river intake system can be envisaged near Meghna River for
meeting the future demand at later stage
External power supply system - Based on the type of EZ and the site visit, the power demand was
revisited and total demand working out to 110 MVA. Based on discussion with BEZA it is decided to
construct 33 kV substation within the site to meet the initial demand of 20 MVA with the provision for
132 kV substation for meeting the future demand.
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Figure 15: Structural Details for Pile, Plinth beam and Fencing
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4.7.1 Water
Water requirement during construction phase is estimated to be app. 5.16 MLD, which includes Domestic
water requirement of construction workers. For storing rain water during construction phase, temporary
rain water harvesting ponds can be constructed at the site. Water for construction shall be sourced from
rain water harvesting ponds & Ground water. The water requirement for initial phase is proposed to be
met through the bore wells (2 bore wells within the site to meet the initial demand of 1 MLD) to be
constructed at the project site.
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4.11. Geology
Geologically Narayanganj District lies on the edge of the Madhupur Tract and the Holocene floodplain
deposits from the aquifers. Geologically it is a terrace from one to ten meters above the adjacent
floodplains. Though in its present form it is of Pleistocene age, its origin may be in the late Miocene, when
the Bengal Basin was being filled in rapidly. Unlike the Barind Tract it is largely in one piece, with seven
small outliers. The main section stretches from just south of Jamalpur in the north, to Fatullah of
Narayanganj, in the south. Two characteristic geological units cover the project area, viz Madhupur Clay
of the Pleistocene age and alluvial deposits of recent age. The Madhupur Clay is the oldest sediment
exposed in the area having characteristic topography and drainage. The major geographic units of the city
are: the high land or terrace, the low land or floodplain, depressions and abandoned channels. Low lying
swamps and marshes located in and around the area are other major topographic features.
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The Dupi Tila sands aquifer is the main source of water of the area. Madhupur Clay overlies the aquifer
with a thickness of 8 to 45 m (avg.10 m). The aquifer varies in thickness from 100 to 200 m (avg.140 m).
Ground water table lies at the depth of 15 to 20 m. Under the present condition the peripheral rivers act as
sources of recharge as the Dupi Tila sands are exposed along the riverbeds. Other sources of recharge are
vertical percolation of rain and flood water, leakage from water mains and the sewer system and seepage
from the standing water bodies within the area.
The soils of the Tract have developed largely on Madhupur Clay; which are nutrient poor and somewhat
acidic. They are red or brown in colour. In most places the changes from the floodplains to the Tract is
quite sharp, but in some places the floodplain soils overlie the gently inclining edges. The Madhupur Tract
is extensively dissected, with narrow or broad valleys extending deep into the level landscape and the
Drainage pattern is clearly dendrites. The higher level lands are known as Chala and the valleys are called
Baid. The valleys are cultivated with boro rice in the dry season by impounding the streams for irrigation.
Figure below shows one of the borelog developed by WASA in their study at Narayanganj district.
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As shown in the above figure, loamy soil dominates the geological pattern of Narayanganj. Fine to medium
grained sand with trace silt dominates for the first 15m. The silty sand layer is followed by hard clay which
is plastic in nature. The layer of stiff clay extends till a depth of 26m below ground level. Presence of 11m
thick fat clay indicates the presence of an aquitard. The top 15m could constitute the top few meters as
Vadose Zone while the rest rich sand layer could served as the first aquifer or unconfined aquifer. Medium
grained sand is there beyond 26m which clearly indicates the presence of confined aquifer. As mentioned,
the water level from ground level was recorded at 5.5m.
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Narayanganj
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Zoning is a device for regulating or controlling both present and future development and
constitutes a vital player for designing facilities. Firstly, a broad zoning of the facilities is laid out
where the major zones are frequented by external and internal traffic. As the proposed EZ is
surrounded by water on three sides, functions were solved to serve the best results. Detailed
master planning is done cluster wise covering the following components:
Micro level zoning
Land use plan
Detailing the locations and sizes of various land uses
Land parcel plan
Showing the subdivision of industrial land
Phasing
Utilities mapping
Greenery and open space plan
Road category
As the Government has given much emphasis on industrial facilities, the Project aims at
achieving the same objective.
The Consultants carried out their planning activities within the presented pre-feasibility study
originally considering 340 acres. Space required for small feeder roads (perpendicular to the
main access road) needs to be earmarked; actual plot sizes will thus be decreased. Garment 17 and
textile zones should be in separate places. Spinning factories require clean air and no
dyeing/printing can take place too close a garn spinning unit. A distance of 500 meter is
recommended. As a result, the Consultants drew up a zoning plan:
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The zoning percentage for the Narayanganj Economic Zone site would be as follows:
The Consultants conducted a careful measuring of the land area – based on Google Maps – and
came up with a difference of 24 acres - between the 340 acres as declared by BEZA, and 316 acres
as calculated by themselve. Confident of their exact own measures, the Consultants continue
calculating with 316.1 acreas.
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Function, product mix and facility configuration of the EZ parcels are as follows:
Industrial Zone: The following facilities are proposed for the EZ areas:
Dyeing
Finishing
Knitting
Knitwear
Packaging
Printing
Spinning
Washing
Weaving
Logistic Zone: Loading and unloading yards, jetty, transportation hubs, cargo-handling
centers, raw-material collection and storage halls, finished-goods storage, etc.
Multi-facility complex and utilities: ETP, STP, WTP, SWM, sewer network,
communication network, street ligting, wastewater network, electrical substation, etc.
Customs Zone: Guard room, entry and exit, etc.
Greenery and walkway: Green belt along the boundary, lawns, tree plantation along the
proposed roads, internal walkways, etc
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Micro-level zoning
Land use plan
Detailing the locations and sizes of various land uses
Land parcel plan
Phasing
Utilities mapping
Greenery and open-space plan
Road category
Design Requirement
The following are the parameters which the Consultants applied for their detailed design:
Public green space per capita must be more than 1.5 acres
North south plot orientation
Architectural designs and control
Adequate water supply: Underground water and surface river water is available in this
location. Municipal water supply is not avialabale here.
Waste disposal system: Central sewage system is not available here. Where there is no
STP, normally soak well and septic tank is used for waste-water management. Due to the
contamination of water observed when using soak well and septic tank, a STP is
recommended here.
Solid-waste management: Proper solid-waste management shall be established
Natural environment: To manage the natural environment, BEZA and Bangladesh
government has formulated and implemented environment standards, controls and
established carrying capacity. These measures include guidelines for building
construction such as control over tree cutting and restriction on construction buildings
above tree tops or more than two stories.
Figures below shows the detail master plan and the utility map of Narayanganj Economic Zone
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In a next and final step, the Consultants intend to draw up the detailed design phases. Table
below shows the design phases.
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5. Description of Environment
(Environment and Social
Baseline)
This section establishes the baseline environmental and socio economic status of the proposed economic
zone and surrounding area to determine the project influence area within which the impacts of the Project
are to be assessed.
Establishing baseline helps in understanding the prevailing environmental and socio economic status of
the study area. It provides the background environmental and social conditions for anticipating of the
future environmental characteristics of the area based on the operation of the new/ expansion activity of
the project during its life cycle. It also helps in environmental and social management planning and
strategy to minimize any potential impact due to the Project activities on surrounding environment. Field
surveys were conducted at the project site to collect the requisite baseline information through discussions
with project proponents, and local people. The baseline information was gathered pertaining to:
The physical environment (air, water, land, noise, flora, fauna, etc.)
The socio-economic data of the area in which project site is located
Disadvantaged or vulnerable groups in the project area of influence
Presence of any indigenous people in the project area of influence
Presence of any cultural heritage sites in the project area of influence.
5.1. Methodology
The environmental and social baseline has been assessed and a survey of the project area was conducted
to identify environmental and social sensitive receptors located within and around the project area.
Environmental and social baseline data was collected through primary surveys as well as secondary
sources by literature survey and discussions with the concerned stakeholders.
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Secondary baseline data collection involved identifying and collecting available published material and
documents. Information on various environmental aspects (like soil, geology, hydrogeology, hydrology,
drainage pattern, ecology etc.) meteorology, and socio-economic aspects was collected from different
government departments, institutions, literatures etc.
5.2.1. Meteorology
Meteorological data is used to anticipate the dispersion and diffusion of pollutants, once discharged into
the atmosphere. The baseline conditions of physical parameters are provided in subsequent sections:
5.2.1.1 Temperature
Seasonal variation of temperature is not significant. Monthly minimum and maximum temperatures and
average minimum and maximum temperatures for the period 2005-2014 for Dhaka are given in below
Tables 6 and 7 (data obtained from Bangladesh Meteorological Department).
Table 15: Monthly minimum and average minimum temperature during Jan 2005 to Dec
2014
Month 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ave of 10
years
Jan 14.20 13.50 12.50 14.50 14.80 12.80 12.20 14.50 12.30 13.70 13.50
Feb 18.30 19.40 16.80 15.20 17.20 16.20 16.90 16.00 17.50 15.80 16.93
Mar 22.40 21.90 19.60 22.00 21.40 23.30 21.50 22.10 22.10 20.60 21.69
Apr 24.10 23.80 23.70 24.50 25.90 26.40 23.20 23.70 24.40 25.10 24.48
May 24.20 25.00 25.90 24.90 25.20 25.90 24.60 25.80 24.80 26.70 25.30
Jun 26.80 26.10 25.50 26.30 26.70 26.70 26.30 26.90 27.20 26.50 26.50
Jul 25.80 26.70 25.80 26.30 26.70 27.40 26.70 26.70 27.00 26.90 26.60
Aug 26.70 26.50 26.40 26.50 26.30 27.10 26.50 26.60 26.20 26.30 26.51
Sep 26.00 25.80 26.50 26.20 26.30 26.60 26.40 26.80 26.30 26.50 26.34
Oct 24.40 24.70 23.80 23.80 24.20 25.10 24.70 24.30 24.20 24.00 24.32
Nov 19.80 19.90 19.90 19.00 20.20 20.90 19.20 19.10 18.50 19.70 19.62
Dec 15.70 15.80 15.00 16.90 15.40 15.50 15.00 14.50 15.60 15.10 15.45
Table 16: Monthly maximum and average maximum temperature during Jan 2005 to
Dec 2014
Month 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ave of
10 years
Jan 24.50 25.30 24.60 24.50 25.90 23.80 23.40 24.10 24.20 24.30 24.46
Feb 29.10 31.30 27.10 26.10 29.70 28.90 28.70 28.50 28.90 27.20 28.55
Mar 32.20 33.20 31.50 31.70 33.30 34.10 32.10 33.00 33.40 32.40 32.69
Apr 34.40 33.70 33.70 34.50 35.60 35.50 33.50 33.50 34.20 36.40 34.50
May 33.20 33.80 34.80 34.70 34.60 34.30 33.40 34.60 31.70 35.20 34.03
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Jun 33.40 32.40 32.50 32.50 34.50 33.10 32.60 33.20 33.70 33.20 33.11
Jul 31.50 32.40 31.50 31.80 32.30 33.00 32.30 32.60 32.70 32.90 32.30
Aug 32.10 32.50 32.50 32.10 32.50 33.10 31.10 32.60 32.00 32.20 32.27
Sep 32.80 31.90 32.00 32.60 32.50 32.50 32.40 32.90 32.60 32.90 32.51
Oct 30.60 32.30 31.50 31.40 32.20 32.40 32.70 32.30 31.50 32.20 31.91
Nov 29.10 29.70 29.00 29.70 30.20 30.10 29.70 28.70 30.20 30.20 29.66
Dec 27.10 26.90 25.80 25.60 26.00 26.10 25.00 24.00 26.30 24.50 25.73
The data shows that the monthly minimum (average) temperature at Dhaka varies between 13.50C and
26.60C and maximum temperature varies between 24.46C and 34.50C. The minimum and maximum
temperature data indicates that December to February months are relatively cooler and April and May are
the relatively hotter months.
5.2.1.2 RelativeHumidi
ty
The average relative humidity at Dhaka varies between 57.30 % in the month of March and 80.20 % in the
month of August. The average relative humidity for the last 10 years for Dhaka is provided in Table 8. The
data shows that average humidity does not vary much with the change in seasons and is relatively high.
Table 17: Monthly average relative humidity during Jan 2005 to Dec 2014
Month 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ave of
10 years
Jan 68.00 69.00 68.00 69.00 72.00 71.00 69.00 66.00 65.00 72.00 68.90
Feb 60.00 65.00 68.00 61.00 55.00 56.00 54.00 52.00 55.00 62.00 58.80
Mar 66.00 53.00 54.00 67.00 53.00 59.00 57.00 57.00 55.00 52.00 57.30
Apr 66.00 67.00 69.00 64.00 66.00 67.00 64.00 69.00 63.00 56.00 65.10
May 73.00 72.00 70.00 70.00 72.00 71.00 76.00 70.00 78.00 68.00 72.00
Jun 79.00 81.00 81.00 80.00 74.00 79.00 80.00 77.00 76.00 78.00 78.50
Jul 81.00 80.00 84.00 83.00 80.00 77.00 79.00 79.00 77.00 77.00 79.70
Aug 82.00 77.00 80.00 81.00 82.00 78.00 82.00 78.00 80.00 82.00 80.20
Sep 81.00 80.00 80.00 81.00 81.00 79.00 77.00 79.00 81.00 76.00 79.50
Oct 80.00 76.00 78.00 77.00 73.00 74.00 73.00 71.00 78.00 72.00 75.20
Nov 72.00 68.00 77.00 69.00 66.00 68.00 67.00 68.00 66.00 66.00 68.70
Dec 66.00 69.00 69.00 79.00 69.00 66.00 73.00 77.00 72.00 77.00 71.70
5.2.1.3 Rainfall
The average monthly rainfall data for Dhaka (obtained from BMD) is provided in table 9 below. The data
shows that rainy season in Dhaka mainly prevails from May to October. The average monthly rainfall in
Dhaka for the period Jan 2005 to Dec 2014 varied between 3.5 mm in the month of January and 412.8 mm
in the month of July. The rainfall follows the general climate pattern with the highest rainfall in the
summer from April to October and minimum rainfall in the winter from November to March.
Table 18: Monthly total and 10 years average monthly rainfall during Jan 2005 to Dec
2014
Month 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ave of 10
years
Jan 1 0 0 23 1 0 0 10 0 0 3.5
Feb 3 0 30 56 1 48 0 1 8 12 15.9
Mar 155 0 11 45 43 22 20 37 26 10 36.9
Apr 91 181 163 91 14 37 123 269 32 80 108.1
May 291 185 185 205 168 177 235 137 378 147 210.8
Jun 259 326 628 577 170 308 314 175 325 342 342.4
Jul 542 331 753 563 676 167 356 226 302 212 412.8
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Aug 361 167 505 319 482 340 409 282 212 391 346.8
Sep 514 663 179 279 298 169 207 81 172 156 271.8
Oct 417 61 320 227 74 174 112 38 131 49 160.3
Nov 3 5 111 0 4 0 0 68 0 0 19.1
Dec 0 0 0 0 0 81 0 5 4 0 9.0
January to December wind rose and monthly wind roses, and wind classes for Dhaka (collected from BMD)
are presented below. These wind roses and wind classes are average of last 30 years. These wind class and
wind rose diagrams show that at Dhaka, dominant wind speed is in the calm condition followed by 1 to 2.5
m/sec. The predominant wind direction from Jan to Dec is south followed by south-east.
The monthly wind roses indicate the following trend: NW and northerly winds prevail in January,
November and December; wind flows multi-directional in February and October; the predominant wind
direction is south followed by SW in March; in April the wind direction is south, the predominant wind
direction is south followed by SE from May to July; and in August and September the predominant wind
direction is SE followed by south.
As indicated in the below wind rose diagram, the area experiences wind speeds lower than 5 m/s for 98%
of time. Of this half the time (44.4%of the time) is calm condition throughout the year (wind speeds in the
range of 1-2.5 m/s). This indicates the weather conditions are not favorable for dispersion of pollutants
released in the air. Month wise prevailing wind speeds are as follows: predominantly calm conditions
prevail during January to March and September to December periods with the area experiencing wind
speeds in the range of 1-2.5 m/s. The remaining five months experience lesser calm conditions and wind
speeds in the range of 2.5 – 5 m/s.
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13.5 13.5
13 13
12.5 12.5
12
11.5
11 11 11
10.5
Source: http://www.sunrise-and-sunset.com/en/sun/bangladesh/narayanganj/2015/december
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5.2.2.2 Salinity
Salinity levels of Sitalakhya River was determined from secondary sources. The salinity levels of the
Sitalakhya River range between 57-582 PPM (“Quantitative assessment of toxicity in the Sitalakhya River,
Bangladesh” by Jahida B. Islam, Mammon Sarkar, A.K.M Lutfor Rahman, K. Shahin Ahmed; Egyptian
Journal of Aquatic Research (2015). Vol: 41; 25-30)
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Source: “Effects of Climate Change on River Morphology in Bangladesh and a Morphological Assessment of Sitalakhya River” by
S.Hossain, M.Rahman, F. Nusrat, R. Rahman and N.F. Anisha; Journal of River Research Institute
The flow regime of the Sitalakhya River since 2003 is presented in the following figure:
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5.2.2.5 Navigation
The greater Dhaka city has got a natural advantage of circular waterways of 110.50 km length consisting of
the rivers Buriganga, Turag, Balu, Sitalakhya and a small stretch of Dhaleswari. These rivers flow around
Dhaka city through the districts of Dhaka, Narayanganj, Gazipur and Munshiganj. The circular waterways
around Dhaka had the significant potentials to contribute the urban transport in and around Dhaka. But
due to lack of required and perennial navigability in about 50 percent of the waterways, it could not be
utilized for the movement of passengers and freight. The IWT operations were limited mainly to the
movement of passengers and cargo between Dhaka/Narayanganj and other parts of the country.
Mechanized country boats of small sizes could only navigate during monsoon from Sadarghat, Dhaka to
Mirpur area and from Demra (Narayanganj) to Tongi area. Such contribution to urban transport was
insignificant and may be termed as no contribution.
To enhance the navigable waterways and to contribute to the urban transport in Dhaka through IWT
services BIWTA undertook a project called “Development of Circular Waterways around Dhaka- 1 st
Phase” in 2000. The Project was completed in 2004 and a length of 29.50 km of waterways in Buriganga
and Turag rivers was made navigable through dredging, including development of 10 landing stations
along the waterways at a cost of BDT 360 million. The first phase included the waterways in the south-
western, western and north-western parts of the city.
Currently, container feeder service is available from Chittagong Port to Port Klang (daily); Port of
Singapore (daily); and Colombo Port (every 2-3 days) and with Bay of Bengal for connecting the mother
vessels serving international destinations. More than 5 feeder vessel operators with vessels capacity of
1,000 -1,500 boxes (containers) have deputed their feeder vessels in this circuit. The transit time is about
3-4 days from /to Chittagong Port to the hub ports. All international Shipping Lines have their presence
in Bangladesh and some even operate their own feeder vessels.
Meanwhile, the Ministry of Shipping, GoB, is finalising a draft of guidelines for establishing ICTs under
private sector investment. A deep sea port is also proposed to be constructed at Sonadia, Cox Bazar. To
develop inland waterway transportation, a jetty is also required to be proposed for the project.
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determined by properties of groundwater storage reservoir and volume of annual recharge. Mainly rainfall,
flooding and stream flow in rivers penetrate earth surface and recharge groundwater reservoirs. Although
Bangladesh has been considered rich in groundwater resources, the total groundwater storage data is
absent. National Water Plan Phase-II estimated average groundwater as 21 cubic kilometres (cu km) in
1991. However, with the increased trend of urbanisation and irregular rainfall behaviour, surface run-off
has increased in recent times, which reduces groundwater recharge considerably. Figure below is the
groundwater zoning map in Bangladesh, 2010. From the map it could be seen that the groundwater level
in and around the subject site is shallow. The groundwater level as reported by the figure below is
somewhere between 0.5m-3m below ground level (bgl).
Source: “A Briefing Paper on the State of Groundwater Management in Bangladesh” by Sengupta et al., September 2012
The transmission property of the main aquifer is good to excellent over most of the country but it is
deteriorating towards the south and the east. Underlying the main aquifer, there is a deeper water bearing
unit separated by one or more clay layers of varied thickness referred as the deep aquifer that has been
exploited by tube wells in Dhaka and in the coastal areas. In the areas near the coast the water table is
descending due to over extraction or salinity contamination of upper or main aquifer7. Strong declining
trends (0.5–1 metre/year) in dry-period groundwater levels are observed in the central part of the country
surrounding the Dhaka city. Moderately declining trends (0.1–0.5 metre/year) occur in western,
northwestern, and northeastern areas. In the northern table land areas and floodplains of the major rivers,
magnitudes of declining trends are low (0.01–0.05 m/yr). Stable or slightly rising trends (0–0.1
metre/year) are generally observed from the Meghna estuary to the southern coastal areas in the country.
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A similar overall pattern is seen during wet periods except in the northern table land areas, southwestern
delta plains and southern coastal areas where wet period trends are slightly rising or stable.
Narayanganj is underlain by an unconsolidated alluvial aquifer system of Quaternary age which is many
hundreds of metres thick across the entire project area but in which only the top 250 m (and principally
the top 150 m) is utilised for groundwater supply purposes. Complex lateral interdigitation of medium
grain-size clastics (medium to coarse sands) occurs with finer-grained clastics (fine sands, silts, clays). As
a first approximation the system is considered to comprise an upper aquitard covering a shallow aquifer
which is separated from a deeper more productive aquifer by a lower much thicker aquitard as shown in
the figure below.
Source: “Urban Groundwater Protection and Management: Lessons from 2 developing city case studies in Bangladesh and
Kyrghyzstan” by B L Morris, P G Litvak and K M Ahmed
With a monsoonal tropical climate, there are extensive opportunities for recharge not only directly from
local rainfall but also from the Sitalakhya River and numerous khals and rainfed ponds. Annual monsoonal
floods inundate much of the periurban area while the urban area can be affected on average about once
every decade by abnormally high floods. Unconsolidated sediments provide intergranular flow conditions,
and it is probable that there is hydraulic connection with the Sitalakhya River whose channel is deep
enough to incise into the upper aquifer sequence.
Vertical connectivity is likely to be variable, depending on thickness and frequency of occurrence of fine-
grained strata at any given location.
5.2.2.7 Seismicity
Bangladesh and the north eastern Indian states have long been one of the seismically active regions of the
world, and have experienced numerous large earthquakes during the past 200 years. A seismicity map of
Bangladesh and its adjoining areas has also been prepared by BMD and GSB. Bangladesh has been
classified into three seismic zones with zone-3 the most and zone-1 the least vulnerable to seismic risks as
indicated in figure below. Narayanganj which is approximately 20 Kms from Dhaka city, lies in Zone-2
which shows intermediate level of seismic activity.
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Source: BMD
In the earthquake zoning map of 1993, 26 percent of Bangladesh falls in high risk, 38 percent moderate
and 36 percent in low risk zone in terms of earthquake vulnerability. The distribution of recorded
earthquakes indicate a major clustering of seismicity around the Dauki Fault and scattering of other events
along other major fault systems of Bangladesh. The magnitude of the earthquakes are moderate (4-6) and
majority of them are shallow depth.
Tectonically, Bangladesh lies on the northeastern Indian plate, near the edge of the Indian craton and at
the junction of three tectonic plates - the Indian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Burmese microplate.
These form two boundaries where plates converge- the India Eurasia plate boundary to the north forming
the Himalaya Arc, and the India Burma plate boundary to the east forming the Burma Arc. The Indian
plate is moving at a rate of 6 cm per year in a northeast direction, and subducting under the Eurasian and
the Burmese plates in the north and east, at a rate of 45 mm per year and 35 mm per year, respectively
(Sella et al., 2002; Bilham, 2004; Akhter, 2010).
The other major active tectonic belt of Bangladesh is at the eastern side. The Arakan subduction-collision
system involves oblique convergence of the Indian and Burma plates. It has produced the N-S trending
Indoburman range and a broad belt of folds along the western edge of the Bay of Bengal (Curray, 2005;
Wang and Sieh, 2013). These lie above a mega thrust that dips moderately eastward beneath the
Indoburman range but is nearly flat-lying beneath the folds. Beneath the 500-km long fold belt the mega
thrust is also referred to as a decollement, because it is parallel or nearly parallel to sediment bedding
within the Canges Brahmaputra delta. Many of the folds within the western 100 to 200 km of the fold belt
appear to be actively growing, which implies that the underlying decollement is relaying slip onto thrust
faults beneath these folds as it dies out westward toward a poorly defined deformation front. The proposed
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site location is also on the eastern side of Bangladesh. Hence, there is risk of earthquake due to the Arakan
fault.
List of the major earthquake that hit Bangladesh are listed in following table below.
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The tracks of few major cyclones that hit Bangladesh are shown in figure below.
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There are two types of floods which occur in Bangladesh: annual floods (barsha) that inundate up to 20%
of the land area; and low frequency floods of high magnitude that inundate more than 35% of the
area (bonna). The major floods that occurred in 1954, 1955, 1974, 1984, 1987, 1988, 1993, 1998, 1999, 2000
and 2007 have been very destructive and caused serious threat to lives and economy. In the context of
human exposure in flood hazard zones, nearly 19,279,960 people are present in these zones
and Bangladesh ranks 1st among 162 nations. Similarly, the modelled amount of GDP in seismically
hazardous zones puts Bangladesh 3rd among 162 countries. The flood affected area map of Bangladesh is
provided in the figure below. The map shows that Narayanganj, lies in River/Monsoon flood area. Because
of the close proximity with the Sitalakhya River, floods to the chor area or low land area are common which
was also confirmed by local residential people inhabiting at the proposed site area.
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5.2.2.10 Tornado
It is the pre-monsoon period when most of the abnormal rainfall or drought conditions frequently occur
in different parts of Bangladesh. Also there are severe local seasonal storms, popularly known as
nor’westers (kalbaishakhi). Severe nor’westers is generally associated with tornadoes. Tornadoes are
embedded within a mother thundercloud, and moves along the direction of the squall of the mother storm.
The frequency of devastating nor’westers usually reaches the maximum in April, while a few occur in May,
and the minimum in March. Nor’westers and tornadoes are more frequent in the afternoon. Nor’westers
may occur in late February due to early withdrawal of winter from Bangladesh. The occasional occurrence
of nor’westers in early June is due to the delay in the onset of the southwest monsoon over the region
(Karmakar, 1989). List of the nor’westers and tornadoes is given in table below. Narayanganj was hit by
Tornado way back in 1976.
Date Location
14th April, 1969 Demra (Dhaka)
17th April, 1973 Manikganj (Dhaka)
10th April, 1974 Faridpur
11th April, 1974 Bogra
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1. Physiography
2. Soils
3. Depth and suration of seasonal flooding
4. Length of rainfed kharif and rabi growing periods
5. Length of pre-kharif period of unreliable rainfall
6. Length of cool winter period
7. Frequency of occurrence of extremely high (> 40 degrees) summer temperature.
The physiographic unit of the project is: Young Brahmaputra and Jamuna Floodplain (AEZ# 29) (shown
in figure below). The region comprises the area of Brahmaputra sediments. It has a complex relief of broad
and narrow ridges, inter-ridge depressions, partially in filled cut-off channels and basin. This area is
occupied by permeable silt loam to silty clay loam soils on the ridges and impermeable clays in the basins,
neutral to slightly acid in reaction. General soil types include predominantly grey floodplain soils. Organic
matter content is low in ridges and moderate in basins. Soils are deficient in N, P, and S but the status of
K and Zn are reasonable. General fertility level is medium.
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The sediments deposits of Bangladesh mainly consists of those laid down by the Ganges, Brahmaputra and
Meghna (GBM) river systems. Holocene floodplain deposits cover most of the surface area of present-day
Bangladesh. According to geographic and geomorphic distribution, the Holocene floodplains are divided
in four classes:
Piedmont plains
Meander floodplains
Tidal floodplains
Estuarine floodplains
Land types are classified depending upon the depth of inundation during monsoon season due to normal
flooding in an average year. SRDI has made the land type classification into five types, i.e. High land
(Above flood level), Medium highland (Flooding depth 0-90 cm), Medium lowland (Flooding depth 90-
180 cm), Lowland (Flooding depth 90-270 cm) and very lowland (Flooding depth >270 cm). Land type
classification based on flooding during Monson Season by SRDI is given below in table.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
As per the classification, project site will be covered under medium lowland.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Extensive areas throughout the flood plain are occupied by broad ridges on which rather yellowish, friable,
silt loams and silty clay loams predominate. Some of those have dark grey topsoils which are acid when
dry, but slightly alkaline when flooded; subsoils are moderately alkaline, but non-calcareous. In the
southern half of Narayanganj district there are extensive deep basins which have dark grey compact clays
with moderately alkaline subsoils usually overlying a yellowish and loamy substratum.
As shown in the above figure, loamy soil dominates the geological pattern of Narayanganj. Fine to medium
grained sand with trace silt dominates for the first 15m. The silty sand layer is followed by hard clay which
is plastic in nature. The layer of stiff clay extends till a depth of 26m below ground level. Presence of 11m
thick fat clay indicates the presence of an aquitard. The top 15m could constitute the top few meters as
Vadose Zone while the rest rich sand layer could served as the first aquifer or unconfined aquifer. Medium
grained sand is there beyond 26m which clearly indicates the presence of confined aquifer. As mentioned,
the water level from ground level was recorded at 5.5m.
The groundwater water level is majorly shallow at Narayanganj region. The Narayanganj region is abutted
by rivers (Sitalakhya, Meghna, tributaries of Bramhaputra) which results in quick recharge of the aquifer.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
WASA in its following study also conducted Slug Test (Rising and Falling Head Aquifer Test). The
Hydraullic Conductivity (K) as enumerated by them came to be in the range of 3.8 x 10-6 m/sec to 2.84 x
10-5 m/sec. The enumerated K value depicts that the specific geology is unconsolidated geology with a high
degree of conductivity. The values as enumerated also falls within the prescribed values of K for specific
strata. Below table shows the general range of K value for a particular type of unconsolidated strata.
The proposed EZ is planned on an area of 340 acres. Out of the total 340 acres, 49.5 acres was with DC
which has been transferred to BEZA at present, 124.38 acres is khas land which is under the jurisdiction
of DC and the remaining 166.09 acres is private Bondobostho land. There are 59 households presently
inhabiting within the subject area. Approximately 102.71 acres of land is under agriculture. Cultivation of
crops are practiced in 2 seasons at the site with paddy and potato being the prime crop being grown. The
area also has one CPR which is a Mosque. Agriculture is majorly practiced in the low lands which in the
monsoon season suffers from floods or water logging.
Land use pattern around the vicinity of the subject site at Narayanganj:
The proposed EZ is abutted by Sitalakhya River on its Southern side. Agricultural land followed by Meghna
River is there towards its eastern side. Towards the western side of the site lies residential pockets followed
by agricultural pockets which are followed by industries like Basundhara Cement Plant and Sumit Power
Plant. Towards the north the site is immediately abutted by a tributary of Brahmaputra followed by dense
residential settlements.
Figure below shows the landuse pattern of the area surrounding the subject site.
Figure 48. Land Use Pattern around the subject Site, Narayanganj
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Table 23: Ambient Air Monitoring conducted within the project site premises
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
As shown in the above table, none of the reported concentrations were found to exceed NAAQS (DoE,
2005). Though the weighted average concentrations of PM2.5 was found to exceed the World Bank EHS
standards. The baseline analysis of the selected parameters of air suggests that the quality of ambient air
meets the standard criteria and at present none of the reported concentrations of the key parameter
exceeds the standards as per the NAAQS (DoE, 2005).
Basundhara Cement Plant which falls within the close proximity of the subject site conducted an EIA study
in 2013. Table below reports the ambient air parameter concentrations.
Table 24: Air quality at Narayanganj (adjacent to site) in 2015 (µg/m3) (EIA of
Basundhara Industrial Complex)
As reported in the table above, reported concentration of SPM was found to exceed at both the locations,
the Standards of Air (Schedule-2) ECR-1997. Comparison was also done with WHO standards which are
much more conservative than the DoE standards. Reported concentrations of PM10 was found to exceed
the WHO standards at both the locations while reported concentration of PM2.5 was found to exceed the
WHO standard at the East Side location.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Bangladesh Stadnard at day time for Residential Area as per Noise 55.0
Pollution (control), Rules, 2006
The analysed reported noise intensity suggests that the measured decibal value exceeds the Bangladesh
Sound Standard (ECR,1997) for mixed area. The project area stands on an island. Due to the movement of
engine boat, trawlers and other water transport in the river and noise from mike and other sound system,
the measured average value in the time range between 1620 hrs and 1745 hrs was found to exceed the
sound standards of Bangladesh.
Secondary data was also collected from Basundhara Cement Plant which lies within close proximity of the
subject site. Table below tabulates the ambient noise levels as monitored by Basundhara Cement Plant in
the year 2013.
Table 26: Ambient noise levels at the proposed site and surrounding areas (EIA of
Basundhara Industrial Complex)
As reported in the table above, the noise levels monitored at four locations were reported to be below the
prescribed standard for Industrial Zone as per ECR, 1997 of Bangladesh.
The project site is located to adjacentShitalakhya River- South to North-West, confluence of three rivers
(Dhaleshwari, Shitalakhya and Meghna) - North East to South, Industrial and residential, facilities-
North-West to North-East. The river leads to the route of the communication with Chandpur, Chittagong
as the port of cargo. Besides these, the people live on and around the Sitalakhya River utilize its water for
their household washing, bathing and other necessary daily works.
Table 27: Comparitive Analysis of the data analysed presently in 2016, from DoE in 2014
and from Basundhara Cement Plant in 2013.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Sources
Bangladesh
Standard for Primary data Data obtained Data Obtained
Parameters Units Inland during the from DoE from
Water (ECR, study period, (Averaged), Basundhara
1997) 2016 2014 Cement Plant,
2013
Feacal Cfu/100ml NA NA
Coliform
The above table of comparison reports none of the parameter exceeding the prescribed standards as per
ECR, 1997. The relatively high concentration of TDS and EC for the averaged out data from DoE indicates
that the data could have been recorded during the monsoon season. The above table compares the data
across 4 years (2013 to 2016) collected from the EIA report of Basundhara Cement Plant, DoE Bangladesh
and from the primary monitoring conducted by PwC in June 2016. Bansundhara Cement Plant is
downstream of the proposed site and the sample collected by Bansundhara Cement Plant could be
considered as a downstream sample w.r.t the site. The sample collected by PwC in that context could be
considered as the upstream sample of Sitalkhya River stream immediately abutting the subject site. The
data suggest that analytical properties of the river immediately abutting the site, is well below the
standards prescribed according to the ECR, 1997. In 2012, DoE has updated 12 areas/locations as an
Ecological Critical Area (ECA). Sitalakhya River is also an ECA and it was declared as an ECA on 1st
September, 2009. Environmental parameters shall be regulated and controlled so that the presence of an
EZ shall not, under any condition, have further adverse impacts on the river water quality. Strict mitigation
measures will be in place which will ensure that the industries are nor discharging waste water to the river
directly further detoriote the river water quality. The strict mitigation measures are mentioned in section
below.
Sitalakhya river water quality is being monitored by Department of Environment at three locations: Demra
Ghat, Ghorashal Fertilizer factory and ACI factory at Narayanganj. The electrical conductivity and
alkalinity of Sitalakhya river in 2013 are provided in tables below. The below table shows monthly variation
in pH, DO, BOD, COD, TDS and Chloride in Sitalakhya river samples monitored by DoE, Bangladesh.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Details of the reported results of the surface water quality assessment of Sitalakhya River of the year 2014
by DoE has been elaborated in tables and figures below.
Figure 49: Monthly variation in pH, DO, BOD, COD, TDS and Chloride in Sitalakhya
river samples in 2014, monitored by DoE, Bangladesh.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
The secondary surface water quality data of Sitalakhya River, as provided by Department of Environment,
Bangladesh in 2014 indicates the following:
In 2013, pH value of Sitalakhya River at all locations was within the standards for inland surface waters
(6.5-8.5) for the reported period.
DO was below standard (5 mg/L) at all locations, except at Ghorasha (approximately 40 km from
proposed site) in June, August and September.
BOD was high or very high compared to standard (6 mg/L for fisheries) during dry period (February,
March and April). In wet season BOD is either within the limits or marginally higher. At Ghorashal
FF, BOD was very high 47 mg/L in March.
COD was within standard limits (200 mg/L for waste water after treatment) at all locations
TDS varied from 5.0 to 523 mg/L as against the standard (2100 mg/L for wastewater after treatment)
Chloride was much below the standard (600 mg/L for waste water after treatment) at all locations for
the reported period.
Suspended solids concentrations were much higher at Demra Ghat and Ghorashal FF during dry
period. It was within limits (150 mg/L for waste water after treatment) in all other reported months at
all locations.
Electrical Conductivity was within the standard limits (1200 mg/L for waste water after treatment) at
all locations in all reported months. At ACI Narayanganj, the EC is very close to the standard in April.
Total alkalinity was reported higher values during dry season at Demra Ghat and ACI compared to
standards (150 mg/L for waste water after treatment). At ACI the alkalinity was 220 mg/L in April.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
5.2.6.2 Groundwater
Groundwater from the site area was collected on 27th June, 2016. The test was conducted by experts from
Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST). The analysed data from MIST has been compared
with the data obtained from the groundwater analysis data by Basundhara Cement in 2013. The data form
Basundhara Cement Plant has been presented in order to have a comparative analysis of the groundwater
quality in the last 3 years.
Table below tabulates the reported concentrations of the parameters as obtained recently from MIST from
the primary testing, Basundhara Cement Plant and DoE. Refer Annexure A for the Groundwater Quality
Assessment Report from MIST.
Table 30: Comparitive Analysis of the groundwater quality data analysed presently in
2016 and from Basundhara Cement Plant in 2013.
Sources
WHO Bangladesh
Guidelines Standard for Primary data Data Obtained
Parameters Units Values - Inland Water monitoring from Basundhara
2004 (ECR, 1997 during the study Cement Plant,
period, 2016 2013
pH 6.5 – 8.5 6.5 – 8.5 6.90 7.2
TDS mg/L 1000 1000 611 228
TSS mg/L 10 10 72
EC µS/cm - - 1280 448
DO mg/L 6 6 3.25 0.6
BOD5 mg/L 0.2 0.2 0.42
COD mg/L 04 04 08
Iron (Fe) mg/L 0.3 – 1 0.3 – 1 9.4 0.66
Total mg/L 200 – 500 200 – 500 4.32 NA
Hardness
Sulfate mg/L 400 400 0 NA
Fluoride mg/L 1.5 01 0.47 NA
Arsenic mg/L 0.01 0.05 0.0396 NA
Chromium mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.0001 NA
Cadmium mg/L 0.005 0.005 0 NA
Lead mg/L 0.05 0.05 0.0031 NA
Total cfu/100ml 0 0 65 NA
Coliform
Feacal cfu/100ml 0 0 0 NA
Coliform
The above table of comparison shows that reported concentration by MIST of TSS, BOD5, COD and iron
were found to be exceeding the ECR, 1997 and WHO standards while the reported concentration by
Basundhara Cement Plant of iron was found to exceed both the standards of comparison. Upon
comparison of the groundwater quality of Narayanganj in the last 3 years (2013 to 2016), it could be
interpreted that the quality has deteriorated. Reported concentrations of TDS, EC and iron has shown a 3
times increase in the last 3 years. The presence of BOD5 could be geogenic. Presence of fulvic acid and
humic acid in soil could be a potential reason for the BOD presence.
Groundwater was collected from a handpump which generally is tapped at a shallow aquifer. The locality
from where the water was collected has around 59 households and most of them have kaccha toilets. The
area or the locality doesn’t have septic tanks also for safe disposal of human wastes. All these condictions
could result in impacting the groundwater with biodegradable wastes. As reported, the concentration of
sulfate is zero. It could be hypothesised that the groundwater is under anoxic conditions which could
possibly provide a favourable environment for anoxic microbes to flourish. This could be a possible reason
behind the presence of total coliform. The absence of sulfate could also indicate that the groundwater is
under negative potential (reducing conditions). Under a reducing environment and pH around neutral
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
range, probability of chromium to be present in the form of hexavalent chromium (the harmful form of
chromium) are low. Hexavalent chromium requires an oxidative environment or positive Eh to get
oxidised to hexavalent chromium.
TDS could be geogenic. Presence of ions in water do contribute towards the concentrations of TDS.
Bangladesh generally have the problems with the presence of arsenic in groundwater. Secondary data
from the research paper “Status of groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh: A 14-year study
report”, Water Research - November 2010 indicates that there is a substantial concentration of arsenic in
groundwater from Narayanganj and Dhaka district. The primary monitoring during the study period
indicates that the concentration of arsenic are below the presecribed standards. Table below shows the
concentration of arsenic in groundwater collected from Dhaka and Narayanganj district. Factors like the
depth from where the groundwater was collected could also impact the concentrations of arsenic.
Considering that the concentration of arsenic in groundwater is due to geogenic reasons, sample collected
from greater depth could probably have higher concentrations of arsenic.
5.2.9. Fisheries
No pisciculture or fish culture are being practiced within the proposed site area. Fishing is a common
practice at the subject site and people catch fish from the Sitalakhya River and sell it in the local market.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Amphibians
Bafo melanostictus Common Toad Bang
Rana Cyanophyctis Skipper Frog Bang
Mammals
Callosciurus sp. Squirrel Kat Biral
Cynopterus spinex Short nosed fruit Bat Badur
Funumbalus pennanti Squirrel Kat Biral
Herpestes Mongoose Bheji
Auropuncatus
Mus booduga Field Mouse ldure
Mus musculus House Mouse Nengti ldur
Pteropus Giganteus Gaint Flying Fox Boro Badur
Bird
Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Machranga
Copsychus saularis Robin Doel
Corvus splendens House Crow Kak
Egretta albe Great Egret Boro Bak
Egretta gazetta Small Egret Shoto Bak
Dirrurus adsimilies Black Drongo Fingry
Passer domesticus House Sparrow Choroi
Source: EIA of Basundhara Industrial Complex
Grass
Grass Spontaneum Khar Ful/Covering
Saccharum Gash (kaichi Kash,
Dubla etc.)
Cynondon dactylon Soil Binder
Trees
Bettie nut Areca Catechu Supari
Lichi Lichi chinensis Lichu Fruit
Mango Mangifera indica Aam Fruit, Timber
Date Palm Phoenix sylvestris Khejur Fruit, Timber
Black Berry Syzygium cumini Jam Brown sugar
Jackfruit Heterophyllus Khatal Fruit, Timber
Coconut Cocos nucifera Narikle Fruit, Timber
Papaya Carica Papaya Pape Fruit, Fuel
Guava Psidium guajva Piara Fruit,
Banana Musa Sepientum Kala Fruit Fuel
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
The industrial activity and open discharge, without appropriate measures, shall have impact on the
biodiversity of the project area.
5.2.10.1 Flora
Due to the roadside plantations and certain homestead forests, the area is rich with floral diversities.
Different fruit, fuel wood trees along with various shrubs are abundant. Among the trees, the most widely
available ones are Shilkoroi, Mehagani, Eucalyptus, Sliimul, etc. but there are some fruit trees also such
as mango, coconut, jackfruit, bettlenut, guava etc.
Amphibians
Mostly Toads and frogs-two species are prominent.
Mammals
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
These include fruit bat, Squirrel, field and house mousses, and flying box. No major mammal species of
national significance are present in this area.
Birds
The commonly spotted birds in the project area include kingfishers, house crow, house sparrow, little fern
etc.
Figure 50: Mouza Map indicating the project area as provided by the District
Commissioner (DC)
The development of the Economic Zone will involve physical displacement of 59 homesteads. The physical
displacement of the homesteads will impact 210 people categorized as Project Affected Person (PAP’s).
The area which has been highlighted in the map attached above, depicts the revised area that has been
presently proposed for the EZ developmental purposes. The private “Bondobostho Land” demarcated for
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
the proposed Economic Zone comprises of 59 households. 56 households were surveyed while 3 were
locked which couldn’t be surveyed.
The census survey was administered through structured questionnaire for a total of 56 land owners
comprising of 210 PAP’s constituting the families of the affected homesteads. Of the 210 PAP’s, 115 were
males and remaining 95 were females. The primary source of livelihood for majority of the PAP’s is from
the fishing and agriculture especially of potato in the project affected area. The overview of the
demographic characteristics of the project affected landowners to whom the census survey was
administered is provided in the below table.
The demographic data as tabulated in table below indicate that the females constitutes 44.76% of the total
project affected landowners populations while the males constituted 57.14%.
Below table shows the age wise distribution of the PAPs that were surveyed. Most of the affected people
were found to be within the age bracket of 18-30 which constituted 35.71% of the total affected PAPs.
Considering the age group ranging from 18-40 as the youth age bracket, a total of 120 within that age group
were found to be impacted. So 57.14% of the total affected people are in the age group of 18-40 which is
considered as the youth bracket age group.
Figure below represents the graphical analysis of the age wise distribution of the PAPs.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
6% 10%
14-17
27% 18-30
31-40
36%
41-60
5.2.11.3 Religion
As per the findings of the socio-economic survey, 100% project affected households are Muslims.
5.2.11.4 Literacy Level
Of the total affected population, 13.33% of the men have achieved secondary level of education where as
10.47% of the women population has achieved secondary level of education. Illiterate populations
comprise of 9.52% of the total PAPs whereas illiterate population in women was 8.57% of the total PAP’s.
0.95% males and 0.47% of females of the total population were found to have some kind of vocational and
technical trainings. The low education levels emphasize the need for stress on technical education and skill
enhancement programs in the region for employment in the industries proposed in the Economic Zone.
Below table illustrates the literacy level percentage.
Figure below represents the graphical analysis of the literacy levels of the PAPs.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Illiterate
Vocational or Technical
Diploma
Figure below represents the graphical analysis of the marital status of the PAPs.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
14% Married
0%
12% Widow/Widower
Divorced/Seperated
74%
Unmarried
1 Illness 35 41.46
2 No Illness 20 58.53
3 Don’t Know 1
Total 56 100
As per the findings of the social survey a total of 2 Upazilla Health Complex are there in Bandar and
Sonargaon Upazila. A total of 16 Community Health Centre are there in Bandar and Sonargaon Upazila. A
total of 15 private hospital and dispensaries are there in both the upazilas. Details of availability of health
facilities as per census survey of March-April 2016 are mentioned in below table.
3 Private Clinic 15
Total
33
5.2.11.7 Employment Status of PAPs
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Figure below represents the graphical analysis of the employment status of the PAPs.
Wage Labour
Factory Worker
Farmer
5%3%6%
0%
1%
0%
0%
1% 10% Tailor
10% Carpentor
2%
1% Fishing
39%
Unemployed
22%
Rickshaw Puller
Milk Seller
Migrant Worker
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Out of the 210 of the total surveyed PAPs, 18 males (8.57%) and 81 females (38.57%) falls under the no
income group. 2 males (0.95%) and 5 females (2.38%) of the total 210 PAPs, falls within income range of
BDT 2000-3000 (per person). 49 males (23.33%) and just 3 females (1.42%) of the total 210 PAPs, do earn
above BDT 10,000 per month. People earning more than BDT 10,00o are majorly fishermen while few
were found to be working at shops at Dhaka. Refer the below table for the income levels of the PAPs of the
surveyed area. These people who are mostly dependent on agricultural lands, fishing etc have low to
medium level of income. Most of the houses which falls within the affected area doesn’t have basic
amenities like electricity. Please note that row where “No income” has been mentioned encompasses
students and housewives. Men from their family earn the livelihood for the entire family.
Figure below represents the graphical analysis of the Income levels of the PAPs.
25% No Income
Below BDT 2000
47%
Rs. 2000-3000
Rs.3000 – 10000
24%
Above 10,000
1%
3%
20 35.71 36 64.28 56
As per socio-economic survey, 20 PAH’s have borrowed loans (refer the table above), with 4 (20%) PAH’s
have taken loan from some bank, 1 (5.0%) PAH each have borrowed loan from some money lender or from
some relative or friend. 14 PAHs (70%) have borrowed loans from some NGOs. Construction or
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
mainanence of their home, increased monetary requirements during festive seasons are some of the
reasons for borrowing loan. PAPs whose monthly income is relatively on the higher end and who have
borrowed loans more than BDT 1,00,00 are paying somewhere around BDT 25,000 per year. Details of
sources of loan are mentioned in table below. Loan amount varies between BDT 20,000 to BDT 1,50,000.
Refer the below tables for the range of loan amount and the sources of loan borrowed by the PAHs.
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1 Cow 23 41.07
2 Buffaloes 0 0.00
3 Goats 2 3.57
4 Sheeps 1 1.78
5 Poultry (chickens) 17 30.35
6 Pigeons 3 5.35
7 None of the above 10 17.85
Total 56 100
Source: Census survey March-April 2016
Figure below represents the graphical analysis of the livestock belonging to the PAPs.
Cow
18% Buffaloes
Goats
5% 41%
Sheeps
Poultry
30% 0% (chickens)
4%
2% Pigeons
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Female 0 0.0
Combined 54 96.42
Purchase of assets Male 11 19.64
Female 0 0.0
Combined 45 80.35
Day to day household activities Male 3 5.35
Female 0 0.0
Combined 53 94.64
Social function and marriages Male 11 19.64
Female 0 0.0
Combined 45 80.35
Women to earn for family Male 56 100.0
Female 0 0.0
Combined 0 0.0
Land and property Male 42 100.0
Female 0 0.0
Combined 0 0.0
Source: Census survey march-April, 2016
Evidence based on the census survey points to persistent gender disparities in access to and control of a
wide range of assets: human capital assets (education and health); directly productive assets (labor, land,
and financial services); and social capital assets (e.g., gender differences in participation at various levels,
and in legal rights and protections).
As indicated in the census survey, close to 99% of the women surveyed are not a part of the active work
force participation. The absence of the women in the active work force participation also reflects on the
lack of access to the monetary benefits for women. Further, the census survey has also indicated that more
than half of the women population have not enrolled in the formal primary education.
Further, the census survey has indicated the need for the skill development initiatives for the women in
the project area of influence to gain access to employment in the proposed industries. The proposed
industries in the EZ vis-à-vis knitting, textile and agro based industries, require advanced trainings for
employment
Gender assessment on the social capital is considered in terms of the ability to effectively forge ties in the
society, communicate freely and without coercion for exchanging of the information. The concept of social
capital, is broadly understood as a social resource ‘‘upon which people draw when pursuing different
livelihood strategies requiring coordination and collective action’’. Social capital builds when groups (men
and women) are brought into a dialogue or otherwise work on activities which benefit everyone in the
society.
The census survey has indicated the presence of gender biases of social capital, which can be dissected as
collective action that (re)produces gender discrimination, that is, reinforces male dominated power
structures and excludes women from participation and decision making.
As indicated in the census survey, women’s responsibility for family provision of household resources such
as water and fuel wood makes women both more dependent on common property or open access to natural
resources and at the same time more vulnerable to the negative effects on rural livelihoods of resource
degradation.
The site reconnaissance survey has indicated the presence of strong ability for women to forge informal
relationship in the society. The other socio-economic factors such as unemployment, responsibility
towards children factor towards greater interdependency and altruism exhibited by women.
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However, this also alludes to the lack of participation of women in formal organizations, which limits the
ability communicate freely and without coercion for information exchange.
The lack of avenues for accumulating economic resources and the women’s immobility as evidenced
through census survey indicate a greater need for women to sustain the informal networks.
5.2.11.13 Inference
Survey of demographic profile, material assets, occupation and income level of the project affected
households indicates the presence of poor to medium social and economic condition. Lower women
participation in the financial decision and lack of women participation in the active work force indicate the
need for women empowerment in the area.
The survey results reveal that the supplies of food grain, consumer goods, grocery items, edible oil,
clothing and garments, cement and other construction materials, petroleum products, electronics,
medicine, machinery and equipment etc received by Modonganj in 122 trucks. Other vehicles include car,
micro bus, bus, rickshaw, van, motorcycle, baby taxi which were 13, 12, 7, 51, 36, 23 and 14 respectively
during the observation. And around 47 units of river vehicles were moved through the Sitalakhya river
during the observation.
The existing vessel traffic in Shitalakhya River is as follows (Source: Narayanganj Port 2015):
- 60 passenger launches every day cross the river from one side to other carrying the passengers
- Movement of oil tankers which are 150 feet long and 50 feet wide along the river – 100 per month
(Three to four per day)
- Cargo vessels of same size carrying fly ash, cement material, clinker, etc – 200 per month (6 to 7
vessels per day)
- Bulk cargo (sand) vessels of size 80 feet x 25 feet – 50 vessels per day
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
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7. Impacts Assessment
7.1. Introduction
The environmental impacts assessment was carried out considering present environmental setting of the
project area, and nature and extent of the proposed activities. The proposed project involves development
of EZ and off-site facilities for upcoming EZ at Narayanganj. Potential environmental impacts associated
with EZ and each of the proposed off-site facility are classified as:
impacts during design and construction phase and
impacts during operation phase.
Sensitive environmental components were identified during the site visits and qualitative and quantitative
techniques have been applied for direct and indirect assessment of impacts on these components. The
classification of environmental components is provided in Table below.
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agricultural land
Impact on livelihood
Shifting of Utilities
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During pre-construction phase 59 houses and other structures will be demolished. This activity would
generate fugitive dust emissions, though it is for short duration.
To minimize the dust generation, water should be sprinkled regularly at the site and low sulphur diesel
should be used in land levelling equipments to control the SO2 emissions.
Air quality will be impacted from the following sources during the construction phase:
Fugitive dust emissions from site clearing, excavation work, cutting and levelling work at sites and
access/ internal roads, stacking of soils, handling of construction material, transportation of material,
emission due to movements of vehicles, plying of heavy construction machinery etc.;
Vehicular emissions due to traffic movement on site and on the connecting roads;
Exhaust emissions from construction machineries, other heavy equipment as bull dozers, excavators,
compactors; and
Emissions from diesel generator required for emergency power during construction period.
A huge filling requirement [about 1.4 million cubic meters (MCM) filling material] is expected in this site.
Dredged material from adjacent river is expected to be used for filling. To carry the dredged material about
1000 trucks are expected to move from port to inside the site. This truck movement will cause fugitive
emissions and exhaust emissions. Additional numbers of trucks will be required to sand for backfilling
from source to sink. Similarly, the dredging equipment involved in this dredgeing will also cause
emissions.
Gaseous emissions containing PM10, PM2.5, SPM, CO, HC, NOx, SO2 and lead will be released from the
vehicules, construction equipment and dredger exhaust. The vehicular movement on the unpaved roads
will also result in the fugitive dust emissions. The movement of trucks carrying construction material to
the site during the construction of boundary wall and embankment will lead to fugitive and exhaust
emissions which would impact the people in the project area of influence. The movement of heavy trucks
also increase the potential for road accidents.
To mitigate the construction impacts, BEZA should have contract agreements with contractors as well as
sub-contractors to implement the measures provided in EMP.
Sprinkling of water at construction site and haul roads
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Construction of barricades between the settlements and the site to minimize travel of fugitive
emissions towards settlements
Tree Plantation on either side of the approach road to mitigate the fugitive dust emissions
Minimizing stockpiling by coordinating excavations, spreading, re-grading, compaction and
importation activities
Cease or phase-down work if excess fugitive dust is observed, investigate source and take suppression
measures such as water spray
Adequate parking space should be provided for the construction vehicles so as to prevent idling of the
vehicles and the emissions generating from them
Vehicles carrying construction material and debris should be covered with tarpaulin cover
Raw materials, excavated soil and other debris should be stored under covered sheds or cover with
tarpaulin
Green buffer should be developed all along the EZ boundary
Provision of face mask to workers to minimize inhalation of dust particles
Construction vehicles and machinery should be regularly serviced and check for pollution control
Low sulphur diesel should be used for running construction equipment and vehicles
Covering the scaffolding (in case of administration building) to reduce the dust emission in outside
environment
Speed of vehicles on site is recommended to be 10-15 km/hr which will help in minimizing fugitive
dust emissions due to vehicular movement
Air emissions from food processing industry contains some volatile organic compounds but do not contain
any hazardous compounds. These industries emit low process-air emissions. Most of the processes uses
electrical power and rarely emit harmful compounds to environment. But air emissions from effluent
treatment plant of these industries are a major concern. No significant air emissions is generated from
readymade garment industries.
The sources of air emissions in shipbuilding and repair operations include blasting, painting, metal plating
and surface finishing, machining and metal working and solvent cleaning and degreasing. The probable
sources of emissions to air are in the form of VOCs from the shipbuilding process operations; Particulate
Matter, SO2 and NO2 from utilities like boilers; and SO2, NOx, HC and CO from vehicular traffic coming
in and going out from the shipyard cum Port.
The major air pollutants generated from textile mills include Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), sulphur
dioxide gas, oxide of nitrogen gas, etc. The hydrocarbons are emitted from drying ovens and from mineral
oils in high-temperature drying/curing. The residues from fibre preparation also emit pollutants during
heat setting processes. Carriers and solvents may be emitted during dyeing operations depending on the
types of dyeing processes used and from wastewater treatment plant operations. Carriers used in batch
dyeing of disperse dyes may lead to volatilisation of aqueous chemical emulsions during heat setting,
drying, or curing stages. Inhalation of the dust generated where cotton fibre is converted into yarn and
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fabric significantly contributes to byssinosis (an occupational lung disease). So, periodic checkups shall be
done for the workers. Rotating of workers shall be done to reduce exposure levels.
OSHA and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) standards set 0.2
mg/m3 respirable cotton dust as measured by the vertical elutriator as the limit for occupational exposure
to cotton dust in textile yarn manufacturing. Monitoring units for air quality must be installed and
periodically checked at upstream and downstream wind flow directions and the analysis results should be
within the limits as provided by the DoE.
The air pollution in jute mills is mainly due to generation of solid wastes such as dust, dirt, and short fibre.
As per the publication “Ecological and economic attributes of Jute and Natural fibre for sustainable Eco-
Management” by Professor Dr. A. B. M. Abdullah, the waste generated during product manufacturing
process is about 5% of total jute processed. The endotoxin analysis indicates that dust zone concentrated
with fungi and gramenegative bacteria is responsible for frequent / prevalent occurrence of byssinosis in
workers engaged in high dust zone.
Mitigation Measures
Provision should be made for peripheral green belt all along the EZ boundary. Green belt should have
minimum of three rows of local variety of tree.
Tree species should be selected such that first inside row is of smaller height, middle row of tree is of
medium height and last row of tree is of higher height so that green belt formed appears like a canopy.
Development of thick green belt and organized greens within each industrial plotsPower Generators
should be provided with stacks of adequate height (higher than nearest building) to allow enough
dispersion of emission.
Process emission if any should be controlled with the installation of adequate air pollution control
systems
All industries should obtain clearance from DoE, Bangladesh as applicable. Air pollution control
measures shall be adopted by respective industries in line with DOE permission
Air pollution monitoring should be carried out quarterly by all industries to check the air pollution
level.
Preference of usage of clean fuel like LPG, low sulphur diesel should be explored
Energy conservation should be adopted by opting the alternate energy options like solar power
Odour should be managed at the site using odour suppressant and planting fragnant flowering trees.
Periodic check ups should be conducted for the workers working in the textile and jule millsto reduce
exposure levels, rotate the shifts of the workers.
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noise level for non-continuous construction activity may reach to as high as 96 dB(A), depending on the
type of equipment. The impact, however, is expected to be temporary and localised.
Noise levels will have compounding effect when multiple equipments and trucks operate at the same time.
Thus the actual noise level at the site and surroundings would be much more than given in the above table.
However, due to the linear shape of site the large-scale concentration of construction equipment may not
happen. Thus, compounding effect may not be very high.
Mitigation Measures
The following mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize potential noise impacts during the
construction phase:
Regular maintenance of equipment such as lubricating moving parts, tightening loose parts and
replacing worn out components should be conducted;
Machinery and construction equipment that may be in intermittent use should be shut down or
throttled down during idle time;
Acoustic enclosure will be provided for the DG set;
Equipment known to emit noise strongly in one direction should be orientated so that the noise is
directed away from nearby sensitive receptors as far as practicable;
Honking should be avoided;
Construction work should be carried out only during day time (from 8.00am to 6 pm); and
Machinery to be used should comply with the noise standards prescribed by DoE.
To deal with noise exposure by construction workers in construction site, pocket guide by OSHA is
helpful.
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The following noise reduction measures are suggested in the pocket guide.
Reduce It: Reduce the noise by using the quietest equipment available. For example, choose a smaller,
quieter generator.
Move It: Move the equipment farther away with the use of extension cords, additional welding leads, and
air hoses. Noise levels go down as we increase our distance from a noisy object. Move the generator
(example) farther away or face it in a direction that is away from where most people are working. If you
are not required to be in a high noise area, move to a quieter area.
Block It: Block the noise by building temporary barriers of plywood or other on-site materials to keep the
noise from reaching workers. Place a five-sided, oversized wooden box over the generator. Add fire-
resistant acoustical absorbing material (foam) inside the box. If the generator sits on soil or sand, that will
help absorb some of the noise.
At individual worker level, the construction contractor should be insisted to provide earmuffs to the
workers exposed to high noise levels.
Mitigation Measures
Pumps should be fitted in close room, preferably acoustic enclosure to reduce the noise generation
Green buffer should be developed all along the project boundary. Green buffer should compose of the
2-3 rows of plants of variable height and thick canopy so as to form continuous barrier. This will help
in reducing the noise level significantly.
Noise regulators must put a strong mandate and fine on vehicle operators which are not properly
maintained, produce noise (silencers not proper).
All industries should obtain clearance from DoE before establishing industrial unit and should comply
with all the conditions mentioned in the letter of environment clearance
All industries should install the new machiney of modern make which complies with the noise
standards prescribed by DoE.
Job rotations should be practiced for workers in working at noise intensive locations to prevent
prolonged exposure to high noise level as it may lead to deafness, fatigue, head ache, nausea and
drowsiness. Propose PPEs muct be made cumpolsory for workers working at locations where the
intensity of noise is high.
Acoustic design with sound proof glass paneling will be provided for critical operator cabins / control
rooms of individual modules as well as central control facilities.
Proper greasing, periodic checkups for frictionless movements.
Honking should be prohibited within the economic zone
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225 m depth proposed to be contructed onsite. Excess withdrawal of ground water may lead to depletion
of aquifers. Thus, measures should be taken to minimize the water extraction by reducing water
consumption and wastage. Mitigation measures are given below.
Mitigation Measures
Water for curing can be saved by carrying out curing in early morning or late evening and covering
structures with gunny bag so as the moisture can be restored for longer time.
Regular inspections at site to monitor leakages in water storage tanks
Temporary storm water drains and rain water harvesting ponds should be constructed so as to
store rain water for construction activities.
Creating awareness among construction workers about the importance of water conservation
Storing the curing run-off and waste from other construction activity and using the same for
sprinkling.
Regular inspections at site to monitor leakages in water storage tanks. Care should be taken that
construction of embankments will not alter tidal flow
Covering the water storage tanks at site to prevent evaporation losses.
Undertake Step-Test and Pump Test before abstracting groundwater to understand the
sustainable rate of groundwater withdrawl. The rate of groundwater withdrawl shall nor exceed
the sustainable flow rate which have minimum impact on the groundwater table.
Tapping should be made at a different aquifer from the aquifer from where the local people have
tapped for water for drinking and domestic purposes
The quality of water bodies could also be affected due to surface runoff from contaminated soil (soil
contamination due to oil/ fuel spillage and leakages), particularly during monsoon season. The surface
runoff carrying the loose top soil will lead to increased sedimentation in the receiving water bodies.
Contamination to water bodies may also result due to oil spilling during construction activities and/or
surface runoff from the construction site to the adjaccent water body. Thus measures are required to be
taken to minimize the surface water pollution
Mitigation Measures
To avoid excavation activities during rains
To prevent piling up of excavated soil, raw material and construction debris at site by proper
management and disposal
Minimize run-off by using sprays for curing
Maintaining appropriate flow of water sprinklers at site
Construction of storm water drains along with sedimentation tanks with sand bags as partition as
barrier for direct flow of run off to river.
Collection & Reusing of curing over flow, tyre wash water etc within the site
Construction of adequate nos. of toilets and proper sanitation system for workers to prevent open
defecation along the river banks/water supply lines
Construction of soak pits/septic tanks to dispose-off the domestic wastewater generated from
labour camps to prevent disposal of sewage in surface water bodies. Alternatively collect labour
camp sewage and connect to nearby municipal sewers.
Proper collection, management and disposal of construction and municipal waste from site to
prevent mixing of the waste in run-off and entering the water bodies
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Impacts of dredging
BEZA has proposed to carry out landfilling with dredged material from the adjacent rivers. Total dredged
material requirement is 1.4 million cubic meter (360 acres x 4000 sq meters per acre) or 2.1 million tonnes
(density of loose sand = 1.442 tonnes per m3) excluding requirement for embankment. The dredged
material is mostly sand except thin top layer. During the site visit, at certain places sand extraction
(dredging) has been observed from the river. This material is stored on the banks of the river, which will
be ultimately used as construction material.
The statistics show that 50 ship loads (80 ft x 25 ft) of sand is being transported from the confluence area
to the hinter land every day. This indicates there is marked demand for sand in the hinterland. If the huge
quantities of dredged sand is used for landfilling, it will deprive the needs of construction industry as well
as government may loose revenue during that period. The total quantity of dredged material transported
daily by these 50 ships is 30,000 tonnes of sand which is dredged per day in this region. Additionally,
about 20,000 tonnes of sand needs to be dredged daily considereing 100 days of cut and fill operation.
Transportation of huge quantity of dredged material would require another 30 vessels per day of same size
that of existing size, cause enormous congestion in Shitalakhya River which is already experiencing heavy
traffic. The dredged material will be transported by ships to nearest port. From the port the material will
be transported to site by trucks. Approximately 1000 trucks would be required per day to transport the
material. This traffic is impossible to control and out of proportion.
Most of this dredging is expected in adjacent Shitalakhya River. If the dredged material is polluted, it may
affect the ecosystem, and fisheries activities at both dredging and dumping locations.
The possible physical impacts due to dredging on water quality are as follows:
Earlier studies on effect of dredging in the estuarine environment indicate the following:
Another Studiy indicates that there is a marked increase in metal concentrations in the sediments of
downstream region of the dredging site in a water body, due to migration of suspended sediments along
the water current. On the other hand, the build-up of metal concentrations in water due to resuspension
of sediments is not reported to be appreciable, except for metals which form soluble sulphides.
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The extent of impacts due to dredging activity is highly varied and site specific, depending upon a number
of factors shown below:
Mitigation Measures
The project proponent is advised to find out alternative filling material to avoid impacts due to dredging
and save economic value.
The direct discharge of the untreated process and domestic effluent waste will lead to impacts in the surface
water quality. Also, it is anticipated that surface run-off may significantly increase post development of
economic zone which may impact surface water quality.
Following measures should be adopted during operation phase to minimize impacts of development of
Economic zone on water quality:
Mitigation Measures
Each industry should obtain consent of DoE Bangladesh before construction and operation and
should comply to the conditions laid by them
The Industry should also obtain the consent of the water abstraction limit from DoE, Bangladesh.
No leachate, waste water and waste material should be stored in pervious unlined area/pond.
Each industry should treat the effluent and sewage generated by them so as to achieve zero
discharge and no untreated effluent should be discharged into any water body
ETP shall be mandatory for all the industries. Every unit shall have its own ETP unit.
A water balance between the abstracted water and the water diverted for process
purposes and domestic purpose shall be developed and based on the volume of the
process and domestic waste, ETP and STP shall be designed.
Baseline water quality assessment shall be done. Analysis of the process waste water shall
also be done and based on that (peak hours and maximum load concept basis) the ETP and STP
shall be designed.
The effluenct treated process waste water shall be analysed and the analysed parameter shall be
well below the Bangladesh Standard (ECR, 1997).
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Each and every industry shall start the operation of their ETP and STP even in case the CETP
doesn’t get functional. The specific design criteries that the owner of each unit has to follow strictly
are:
The STP and ETP shall be overdesigned. There could be every possibility for expansion
in future which the unit has to consider while they set up the area for STP and ETP
construction and the volume of waste water the STP and ETP each unit can treat;
There shall be strict check of certain vital parameters like DO, pH, COD, BOD, TSS, TDS,
Temperature and the presence of any metals everyday for the influent water;
DoE shall have a strict vigilance over the performace of the ETP and STP. Every month
officials from DoE shall have an unannounced visit and check the influent and effluent
water quality from STP and ETP;
Any deviation from the standards suggested according to ECA, 1997 shall be penalized.
The degree of penalization shall be set by DoE, Bangadesh;
DoE shall set a set limit of the volume of treated water for discharge for each and every
unit operating. The unit should have an electronic flow-meter connected to their effluent
channel. Readings shall be recorded diligently and forwarded to DoE on a regular basis;
DoE shall also put a limit on the volume of water each unit can extract;
Process of Recycling and Re-use shall be implemented. No units shall be permitted
CTO without having a concrete plan of how they are going to recycle and reuse the
treated water.
Limited water shall be diverted to CETP. Even provisions shall be there to reuse and
recycle the treated water from CETP. There shall be hardly ant discharge of even treated
water to the water system;
DoE engineers shall approve the ETP and STP design before the unit avails the CTO.
Each industry should practice rain water harvesting to minimize the water consumption and
reduce run-off from the site
Proper management of waste should be done to prevent any contact between the waste and storm
water
Storm water drains should be lined to separate from effluent drains
Storm water system should be inspected & cleaned before monsoon every year
Peripheral drain shall also be lined and shall not be connected to internal storm water drainage
system.
The top soil shall be preserved and used for covering the sand layer at EZ site. Vegetation turffing
shall be made at the side slops of the EZ areas to prevent erosion and siltation in the river.
River water quality shall be monitored periodically
Ground water quality shall be monitored periodically.
Sludge should be dried into cakes and used as manure for green belt.
The industries within the EZ shall comply with the “Zero Discharge” clause recently introduced by
DoE, Bangladesh. Proper design and application methodology shall be determined before the
industrial set-up
The abstraction of groundwater shall be done at a sustainable flow rate. Step-Test and Pump-Test
shall be conducted before deciding the rate of groundwater abstraction and the volume to
understand the target aquifer charecteristics.
As, the continuous abstraction of groundwater, could impact the groundwater level, rainwater
harvesting units within the subject site shall be constructed to recharge the aquifer especially
during the 3 to 4 months of monsoons.
Practices like reverse boring shall be strictly avoided.
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When buildings are demolished, large quantities of waste may be produced in a relatively short period of
time, depending on the demolition technique used. The demolition project duration can vary depending
on the technique used. The techniques that can be used are use demolishing cranes, or deconstruct the
structure. In actual practice, the vast majority of demolition projects use a combination of these two basic
techniques depending on the materials used in the project, the physical size of the structure, and the time
allocated for the project. All the weight of a building including the concrete foundations, may be generated
as demolition debris when a building is demolished.
Demolitions may produce several types of materials bonded together or contaminated with hazardous
materials, such as asbestos or lead paint. The resultant debries pose enormous problem for disposal.
An attempt is made to estimate approximate quantity of the debries in the project area during demolition.
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The debris consiting of RCC material may be used for landfilling after proper sizing and removing of rebar
material. This may also reduce the dredging material requirement for landfilling. Tin sheets which are not
spoiled may be used in R&R colony.
After demolision, the residues if properly not disposed may find way into adjacent river causing high
suspended solids.
Apart from demolition of buildings, huge number of trees will also be cut to during preconstruction phase.
Disposal of these debris will also pose disposal problem.
The EZ authorities/ the contractor may identify the users of these tree debries for useful purposes such as
timber wood, fire wood, or any other purpose.
The soil erosion will result in the run-off of the silt to surface water impacting aquatic ecosystem of
receiving water bodies with increased suspended sediment load and associated nutrients.
Most important: After landfilling, if the land is be kept for long without further development, it leads to
soil erosion due to loose top soil.
The soil quality in the dumping site may be affected if the dredged material is deposited on the banks or
on low-lying areas for land reclamation. Analysis of dredged material at the upper stretch of the River,
however, showed that it did not contain appreciable quantities of heavy metals or radioactive elements,
which can potentially have an adverse impact on the dumping site.
In case the soil quality at dumping sites is different from the sediment from the dredging sites, the ultimate
soil quality of the disposal site can be affected.
The soil used for landfilling should be free of any type of contamination and have similar characteristics
as that of native soil to avoid impacts on the soil quality.
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The waste generated during the construction phase will also include hazardous waste such as used oil,
hydraulic fluids, waste fuel, grease and waste oil containing rags. If improperly managed, solid waste could
create impacts not only to land but also to local air quality, water quality, and human health. It is expected
that the generation of the waste oil will be insignificant as the DG sets will be used only during the
construction phase and the waste oil will be generated only during the maintenance of DG sets.
Spill control measures such as the storage and handling of chemicals and fuel in concrete areas with
secondary containment will be implemented to minimize impacts in the event of a spill.
The soil characteristics of the native soil may also be changed due to import of soil for filling and levelling
purpose. It is envisaged that the filling activity may impact the native soil due to spillages during
transportation of soil and run-off during filling and compaction. Apart from the embedded controls to be
included in project design, the following mitigation measures will reduce the negative impacts of
construction activities on soil environment:
Mitigation Measures
Stripping of topsoil should be scheduled as the last mile activity (maintain vegetation cover for as long
as possible) in order to prevent the erosion (wind and water) of soil;
Care should be taken to minimize percolation of soil used for filling to adjacent rivers during filling
operations. Proper embankment may be provided in the downstream areas to minimize soil
percolation to rivers.
Vegetation should be planned and maintained for slope stabilization and to prevent soil erosion after
construction period;
The disturbed areas and soil stock piles should be maintained moist to avoid wind erosion of soil;
The routes for movement of heavy machinery should be designated to avoid the soil compaction in
other areas;
Transport vehicles and equipment should undergo regular maintenance to avoid any oil leakages;
designate routes for bringing construction material and outside soil;
Construction contractor should designate the sites to be used for disposal of hazardous wastes
including waste oils, solvents, paint and batteries. The Contractor should ensure that no unauthorized
dumping of hazardous waste is undertaken from the site;
Fuel and other hazardous substances should be stored in areas provided with roof, impervious flooring
and bund/containment wall;
For landfilling, dredging should be carried out considering above mentioned factors in dredging
section and cause least impact on the environment;
The soil used for landfilling should have similar characterisctis to the native soil and free of any type
of contamination.
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Prior to dredging activity, analyse the soil sample to prevent impacts on the receiving environment as
a result of mismatch in soil characteristics;
During dredging activity, physical barriers such as silt screen/ curtains should be employed to prevent
the spread of suspended sediments;
Maintain the extent of the turbidity plumes close to the dredging and disposal areas to minimise
impacts on marine fauna habitat;
Visually inspect for any marine life and terrestrial organisms and stop dredging activity in case of any
organism in the vicinity;
Monitoring should be done continuously during dredging to observe impacts on the marine life and in
case of visible impacts, stop the dredging activity;
Dredging should be carried out during day time to minimize impacts on marine life.
Mitigation Measures
Provision shall be made for proper storage and disposal of industrial waste by receptive industries.
Provisions shall be made to segregate e-waste with rest of the wastes generated.
Alliance shall be done with e-waste recycling vendor and the segregated e-waste shall be send to
the vendor for recycling purposes
A Common waste storage areas shall be designated for industrial domestic waste.
The domestic waste shall be kept away from the industrial waste. Dried domestic waste could be
used as manure.
Waste should be segregated at source into hazardous and non hazardous waste. Further the waste
should be segregated into recyclable and rejected waste. Recyclable waste should be sent to
authorize vendors for recycling and rejected waste should be disposed off as per the norms
specified by DoE for the particular waste.
Industrial waste generated should be stored on sealed surfaces and should be disposed off as per
guidelines of DoE, Bangladesh.
Local environmental bodies shall be consulted for the initiation for the designing and constructing
localized landfill for the disposal of process waste.
No chemical/hazardous raw material should be allowed to spill over the land and should be
operated in covered systems
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Excessive packaging should be reduced and recyclable products such as aluminum, glass, and
high-density polyethylene (HDPE) are being used where applicable.
Organic waste should be resold to value addition industries or can be feeded to live stock.
Use of advanced techniques to control specific portions of the manufacturing process to reduce
wastes and increase productivity.
Sludge generated in effluent treatment plant should be sold to authorized recyclers.
There shall be dedicated place to keep the construction debris and the specific place shall not be
close to any of the agricultural fields;
Construction related waste water shall not be directed towards the agricultural fields. Often the
waste water from construction activities contain heavy metals and contaminants which can impact
the soil quality;
If the workers want to construct kaccha temporary shelters then in that case, the shelters shall be
away from agricultural land;
During the operation phase, the treated water shall not be discharged on the agricultural fields.
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The EZ owner should ensure that the contractor (make part of contractors contract) to have and
occupational health and safety plan. The contractor should provide for all the workers accidental
insurance and medical insurance.
The contractor should conduct daily tool box meeting for all workers to discuss potential work
related hazards and other safety aspects.
The contractor should conduct training for all workers on safety and environmental hygiene at no
cost to the employees.
The contractor should maintain first aid facilities for the workers and will instruct and induct all
workers in health and safety matters (induction course) including construction camp rules and site
agents/foremen will follow up with toolbox talks on a weekly basis. Workforce training for all
workers starting on site will include safety and environmental hygiene.
Fencing on all areas of excavation greater than 1m deep and sides of temporary works should be
observed.
Workers should be provided with appropriate personnel safety equipment such as safety boots,
helmets, gloves, protective clothes, dust mask, goggles, and ear protection at no cost to the workers.
Reversing signals (visual and audible) should be installed on all construction vehicles and plant.
Contractor should at all-time keep the first aid kit at the construction sites.
Contractor should be responsible for evacuation injured person to the nearest medical center
Pertinent H&S trainings should be provided to all the workers with respect to hazards linked to the
activities. Additionally, the workers will be informed of precautions to be taken to avoid impacts to
the local community;
Monitoring of the PPE usage can be strengthened, in that, a mechanism can be adopted whereby
defaulters receive a warning on non-usage and stringent actions can be taken on subsequent
offences;
Maintain H&S records of occupational H&S incidents, accidents, diseases and dangerous
occurrences
Ensure that PPE is available at all times at site;
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In event of accidents, the contractor will be responsible for immediate evacuation of injured person
to the nearest medical center. The contractor should bear medical and other expenses of the injured
person.
Undertake daily tool box talk and proper training of the workers regarding health and safety
procedures related to solar projects, PPE usage, and regulatory provisions;
The contractors should ensure H&S standards of labour camps. The labour camps will be established
in the proposed site area. Additionally, the PIU team should conduct random spot checks to
determine any issues related to improper waste disposal or the living conditions in these camps (i.e.
presence of secure shelter and flooring, number of persons per room, number of toilets for the
manpower, water availability etc.);
Strong protocols should be built as part of contractual obligations around zero tolerance of child
labour or harassment of women workers and even health and safety aspects. These should also be
monitored by supervision and monitoring team.
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Measures to prevent malaria should be implemented by installation of proper drainage to avoid water
stagnation, etc.
Standing water should not be allowed to accumulate in the drainage facilities or along the warehouse
sides to prevent proliferation of mosquitoes.
Temporary and permanent drainage facilities should be designed to facilitate the rapid removal of
surface water from all areas and prevent the accumulation of surface water ponds.
Malaria controls should be implemented in line with social plans for the Project.
HIV/AIDS awareness and HIV-AIDS education and prevention program should be implemented in line
with social plans under the social development work stream.
Global warming as a consequent of the Climate change will most likely increase the precipitation levels in
the region thereby heightening the flood risk at the proposed site location. A warmer atmosphere can hold
more moisture, and globally water vapour increases by 7% for every degree centigrade of warming. The
impact of these changes on global precipitation has not yet been correlated academically, but the total
volume of precipitation is likely to increase by 1-2% per 0C of temperature increase.
To mitigate the risk of flooding it is proposed to provide an embankment along the periphery of the project
site.
7.14. Cumulative Impacts
It is anticipated that the positive cumulative imapcts of the development of EZ will outweigh the negative
impacts. After the development of proposed EZ housing Jute and Cotton mills, Textile and Readymade
Garments (RMG), Warehousing, Shipbuilding, Construction materials Agro, Food and Fish processing,
light engineering industries, the emissions and effluent discharge shall be within permissible. The
cumulative effect of the effluent discharge of different industrial units might lead to the much deteriotation
of overall air or/ and water quality in the region if the units doesn’t follow the stringent environmental
norms and regulations. Most of these units are water intensive units. The permitting body from DoE shall
regulate the abstraction of water very carefully. Industries shall strictly monitor their water intake and
shall develop a comprehensive water balance sheet to keep a tab on the volume of water discharged from
process units. The plant should have their own ETP and design of the ETP shall be based on the incoming
volume of waste water and its charesteristics.
The vehicular movement, boiler units, generator sets and any process associated stacks will impact the air
quality of the region.
Point source monitoring of the boilers and generator sets shall be periodically done and the parameters
analysed shall be kept below the schedule-2 standard of ECR, 1997. If the parameter were found to exceed
the standards then remedial measures like electro-precipitator, scrubber can be installed along the stacks.
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Vehichles in Bangladesh and especially in Dhaka use Compressed Natural gas as a driving fuel. CNG is a
clean fuel and engines running with CNG have limited impacts on the ambient air quality. Following all
the standards and protocols as forwarded by DoE, the development could have more positive cumulative
impacts than weighted negative ones.
Aid in the development of the human capital in the region as well as the infusion of the financial
capital resulting in the increase in contribution to the overall growth of the GDP in the country.
Employment opportunities for the people thereby increase in standard of living of people
Economic integration of the area with the market and trade centers within and outside the districts
Upliftment of the socio-economic conditions of the local residents
Mitigation Measures
Prior to the beginning of any construction activity the land shall be legally acquired by BEZA. All the
corresponding land owners shall be compensated and the compensation shall be based on the
present market rates.
The people who will suffer livelihood losses, shall be provided with a fixed amount per month based
on the RSMF from BEZA.
Trainings shall be provided by BEZA delivered by experienced people so that these people get trained
for the prospective opportunity during the different phases of the EZ development and even during
the operational phase.
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The stakeholders identified in the project comprise of project displaced / impacted people, project
beneficiaries, government officials, especially the officials in BEZA and Upazilla office.
The strategy adopted for carrying out Focused Group Discussions was two prone i.e. to:
Disseminate information of the project and obtain the opinions and preferences of the PAPs
Involve the PAPs in decision-making.
The dissemination process and the type of information shared with the stakeholders during consultations
are described below:
While undertaking inventory for the proposed area for EZ establishment, and census survey of
PAHs, information dissemination focused on the proposed establishment of an EZ which could
result in improved livelihood, better employment opportunities and development in the standard
of living for the villagers.
Potential PAHs were consulted to inform them about the proposed development of the EZ,
resultant impacts and possible socio-cultural conflict (if any) including loss of personally owned
properties and relocation of CPRs.
People were requested to gather at common places which included a common point in village
easily accessible by many or group of households. The FGDs were conducted at several locations
within the village so as to maximize the ease of access to the local residents;.
During these consultations phases, detailed discussions in local language and also in the form of pamphlets
were also used to explain proposed improvement and possible social impacts in the concerned villages.
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8.4 Methodology
Different techniques of consultation with stakeholders were used during project preparation, viz., in-depth
interviews, public meetings, group discussions, Individual Consultations etc. to understand the socio-
economic profile of the community and the affected families, questionnaires were designed and
information was collected from the individuals on one-to-one basis. The key informants during the project
preparation phase included both individuals and groups vis-à-vis:
Heads and members of households likely to be affected
Groups/clusters of PAPs
Local voluntary organizations Government agencies and departments such as local revenue
authority
Other project stakeholders with special focus on PAPs belonging to the vulnerable group
The strategy adopted for carrying out Focused Group Discussions was two prone i.e. to:
Disseminate information of the project and obtain the opinions and preferences of the PAPs
Involve the PAPs in decision-making.
The dissemination process and the type of information shared with the stakeholders during consultations
are described below:
While undertaking inventory for the proposed area for EZ establishment, and census survey
of PAHs, information dissemination focused on the proposed establishment of an EZ which
could result in improved livelihood, better employment opportunities and development in the
standard of living for the villagers.
Potential PAHs were consulted to inform them about the proposed development of the EZ,
resultant impacts and possible socio-cultural conflict (if any) including loss of personally
owned properties and relocation of CPRs.
People were requested to gather at common places which included a common point in village
easily accessible by many or group of households. The FGDs were conducted at several
locations within the village so as to maximize the ease of access to the local residents.
During these consultations phases, detailed discussions in local language and also in the form
of pamphlets were also used to explain proposed improvement and possible social impacts in
the concerned villages.
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Other External Workers working at On the approach road Largely positive as like Medium
/ internal Basundhara Cement which connects these the proposed EZ will
stakeholders Plant, Summit Power plants and also the increase mobility,
Plant and people future EZ employment
staying close to these generation, and above
plants all better economic
integration of the area
with the major market
and trade centers
within and outside the
districts can open new
employment
opportunity. The
integration of the area
with larger major
markets will also favor
the existing industries.
Information collected during consultation has been shared with environmental and technical
team. Suggestion obtained from people and their representatives have been analyzed based on
technical and economic feasibility. Wherever possible, PAPs suggestion have been incorporated
in the final design.
Participants
Location
Date
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Expeditious by identifying an
payment of the alternate homesteads.
14
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2. Interest specific
04/05/2016
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10
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vicinity of the project due Ensure that the 3. Labor camps will be
to the influx of migrant residential areas in the provided for
population vicinity don’t face construction workforce.
safety issues during the 4. There will be zero
construction. tolerance on the sexual
Ensure strict code of harassment and also
conduct for the child abuse. The same
contractor to prevent will be incorporated as
sexual harassment and part of the contract of
child abuse. the agency executing the
works at the site.
Further tightened
security will be provided
to mitigate the cases of
sexual harassment.
The expected The Union Office 1. The local government
commencement of extended full support bodies and the PAPs
operation of the EZ for this project. shall be timely informed
The access road for the Priority for about the project
proposed EZ employment should be developments
The EZ should be even for the people 2. Employment
developed keeping in mind residing in the affected opportunities
the opportunities for local unions. commensurate with the
people staying in these People who are affected skill of the local villagers
Union Office, Sonakanda
women during night shift bodies and the PAPs security guard will be
should be ensured. shall be informed well provided for the EZ.
before the
commencement of the
land acquisition.
The authorities should
be updated on the
status of the
development of the EZ.
Specially appointed
night guards should be
ensured for the security
.
What could be likely Since the existing 1. As suggested, officials
impacts on the current approach road will be from EZ shall keep a
Area close to Basundhara Cement
industrial setup, if any used by the EZ, close tab on the extent of
Since the approach road appropriate impacts on air and
shall be shared by the EZ maintenance of the water. The EMP which
and power plant like road should also be shall be developed with
ensured the EIA, shall be
31/03/2016
cement manufacturing
7
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The community perceives that the project will help in increasing better connectivity, promote better and
sustained employment opportunities, better service facilities, and better conveyance. Apprehensions
raised by the community include loss of agricultural lands, loss of house and settlement options for few
people putting up within the site area, amount and time for the compensations, factors which will
determine the compensation, if resettlement happens what would be the likely location. The likely outcome
from the FGDs related with the compensations came out to be compensation should be paid at market rate
and before the beginning of the pre-construction phase of the project.
Further, the analysis of the key positive impacts, apprehensions and perceived negative impacts and the
suggestions/recommendations as documented during stakeholder consultations are detailed in below
table.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Increase in direct and indirect employment opportunities for both the genders
Provision of enhanced basic amenities
Facilitate improved access to market centers, educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and
offices located in Narayanganj districts amd more especially in the Bandar and Sonargaon
upazillas.
The cumulative positive impacts of the project will result in increased mobility, employment
generation, and above all better economic integration of the area with the major market and trade
centers within and outside the districts
The negative impacts perceived by the stakeholders are provided in below table.
Loss of primary source of livelihood from the fishing and poultry business
The industrial developments in the EZ might impact the quality of the Sitalakhya River water.
Sitalakhya River is one of the Ecologically Critical Area (ECA). Hence, the stakeholders
expressed their apprehensions regarding the degradation of the water qualities
They expressed their concerns regarding the water demand of a textile plant. Water demand of
a textile unit is high. If they start to abstract water from groundwater, because of prolonged
abstraction, the water table could fall down resulting in crisis of water requirement for
drinking or for other less water intensive processes.
Focused Group
Discussions (FGDs)
being conducted with
Char Dhaleshwari
(the affected area)
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
FGDs conducted at
centre part of Char
Dhaleshwari (the
affected area)
Focused Group
Discussions being
conducted with
Women at Shanti
Colony
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Stakeholder
Discussion with
Women Welfare
Association member,
social expert from
BEZA and a local
leader at Shanti
Colony
Focused Group
Discussions close to
Basundhara Cement
Plant gate
Foccused Group
Discussions with
project affected
people
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Focused Group
Discussions at Shanti
Shanti Colony,
Narayanganj
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
List all suggested mitigation measures and control technologies, safeguards identified on generic
understanding of the impacts;
Provide an institutional mechanism with well-defined roles and responsibilities for ensuring that
measures identified in EIA designed to mitigate potentially adverse impacts, are implemented;
Provide project monitoring program for effective implementation of the mitigation measures and
ascertain efficacy of the environmental management and risk control systems in place; and
Assist in ensuring compliance with all relevant legislations at local, state and national level for the
Project.
The EMP will reduce adverse environmental impacts and help BEZA in complying with environmental
standards and regulations of the Department of Environment, Bangladesh.
Disposal of debries resulting from tree cutting will also pose problem. BEZA has to obtain permission to
fell trees from appropriate authorities. The contractor has to auction the felled trees and clear the debris.
Cut and fill operations: As mentioned earlier BEZA has proposed to carry out landfilling with dredged
material from the adjacent rivers. Since sand is used in construction industry and has economic value,
BEZA should carry out a cost benefit analysis between dredged material and outside filling material before
finalising on dredged material.
In case of the dredged material is used for filling, ships will carry the dredged material to the site area. In
any case, the following general measures may be adopted:
In both cases, shortest possible route should be selected for transporting the material and densely
populated settlements may be bypassed as far as practicable.
If the material is dusty the containers should be covered
The trucks used for transportation should meet exhaust (Schedule 6 – ‘Standards for Emission from
Motor’ of The Environment Conservation Rules 1997 (Amended 2002); and noise emission standards
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
as per Schedule 5 – ‘Standards for sound originating from Motor Vehicles or Mechanised Vessels’ of
The Environment Conservation Rules 1997 (Amended 2002).
To avoid fugitive dust, water may be sprayed at the places where vehicles are moving
The exposed soil after cut and fill operation in the site may pose soil erosion danger. The run off through
exposed soil may increase suspended solid levels in adjacent Naf River. The cut surface which is not
covered with construction is expected to be naturally stabilised over time. However, to reduce short term
impacts, hard grass may be grown on the cut surfaces.
To mitigate the foreseen impacts, BEZA will ensure through construction contractors, as well as sub-
contractors, execute construction activities in accordance with environmental management plan.
Furthermore, such impacts would be perceived during only construction period which is temporary.
Having implemented the EMP during the project construction and being supervised by BEZA/ contractor
personnel, would minimise the emissions.
These impacts can be minimised by proper planning and by adopting simple steps. The fugitive dust
emission can be minimised by spraying water. BEZA should insist the construction contractor to use
standard equipment which meet exhaust and noise standards (Schedule 5 and 6 of The Environment
Conservation Rules 1997, amended 2002); generator (DG set) exhaust and noise standards; and other
construction equipment standards such as US Federal Highway Administration Standards or any relevant
standards.
For trucks and other vehicles, insist truck operators who are operating on access roads and also entering
EZ to carry out regular maintenance and engine tuning. Insist the drivers to show truck servicing records
at the entry gate. Take appropriate action if the vehicle is not maintained reasonably long time.
To deal with noise exposure by construction workers in construction site, pocket guide by OSHA is helpful.
The following noise reduction measures are suggested in the pocket guide.
Reduce It: Reduce the noise by using the quietest equipment available. For example, choose a smaller,
quieter generator.
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Move It: Move the equipment farther away with the use of extension cords, additional welding leads, and
air hoses. Noise levels go down as we increase our distance from a noisy object. Move the generator
(example) farther away or face it in a direction that is away from where most people are working. If you
are not required to be in a high noise area, move to a quieter area.
Block It: Block the noise by building temporary barriers of plywood or other on-site materials to keep the
noise from reaching workers. Place a five-sided, oversized wooden box over the generator. Add fire-
resistant acoustical absorbing material (foam) inside the box. If the generator sits on soil or sand, that will
help absorb some of the noise.
At individual worker level, the construction contractor should be insisted to provide earmuffs to the
workers exposed to high noise levels.
The construction of access road east of Basundhara Cement Plant has been proposed. The impacts
associated with construction of access road, boundary wall and administration building along with
proposed mitigation measures are given below. No impacts are anticipated during operation phase. The
Contractor shall carry out all mitigation and enhancement measures (including those related to mitigation
of air/noise/water pollution; drainage/traffic congestion) as specified in the EMP tabulated below.
Table 63: Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Plan for constructiomn of access road,
Boundary Wall, embankment and Administration Building
Removal of When clearing the site, care shall be taken to keep vegetation clearing at a minimum
Vegetation Removal of as little vegetation as possible during the development and re-vegetation of
bare areas after the project.
Setting up of The construction camps should be at least 500 m distance from habitations from the
construction nearest settlements to avoid conflicts and stress over the infrastructure facilities with the
camps/labour local community.
camps Location for stockyards for construction materials will be identified at least 1 km from
water sources
The living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour shall be erected and
maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer
All sites used for camps will be adequately drained. There should not be any risk of
periodic flooding, nor located within 300 feet of pools, sink holes or other surface
collections of water
The camps will be located such that the drainage from and through the camps will not
endanger any domestic or public water supply
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All sites will be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water may
get stagnant and become a nuisance
Construction camps shall be provided with sanitary latrines (1 per 25 pax), bathing facility
and urinals.
Sanitary latrines shall be under cover and so partitioned off as to secure privacy, and shall
have a proper door and fastenings
Adequate and suitable facilities for washing clothes and utensils shall be provided and
maintained for the use of contract labour employed therein.
Sewerage drains will be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp.
Drains and ditches will be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis.
The sewage system for the camp will be properly designed, built and operated so that no
health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or adjacent watercourses takes
place.
Clean potable drinking water facility should be provided at the site and the water quality
should be monitored regularly
Crèche facility should be provided for children if female workers are employed
First aid facilities should be made available at construction camp. First aid box should
contain small, medium and large sized sterilized dressings, sterilized burns dressings, 2 %
alcoholic solution of iodine, bottle containing salvolatile, snakebite lancet, , bottle of
potassium permanganate crystals, scissors, Ointment for burns & surgical antiseptic
solution
1 first aid box should be available per 50 labour
A person trained in first-aid treatment should be made in charge who will always be readily
available during emergency
A suitable motor transport shall be kept readily available to carry injured or ill person to
the nearest hospital.
Landfilling Residential facility or sensitive facilities like hospitals, schools etc shall not be located in
downwind direction of the identified sites for getting landfilling material.
The soil used for landfilling should have similar characterisctis to the native soil and free
of any type of contamination.
In case of dredging activity for landfilling purposes:
Soil Erosion and Contractor should plan the activities so that no naked / loose earth surface is left out before
Sedimentation the onset of monsoon.
control Top soil along the road side should be stripped and kept under covered shed for plantation
After the construction activity is over, top soil will be utilized for landscaping activity.
To avoid soil compaction along the transportation routes, only identified haul roads would
be used for transportation.
Turfing of low embankments and plantation of grasses and shrubs should be done in slope
stabilization.
Soil erosion checking measures as the formation of sediment basins, slope drains, etc,
should be carried out.
Disposal of Debris Waste from construction camp should be segregated at site. Food/wet waste should be
and any waste composted in pit at the site, recyclable should be send to recyclers if any and rejected waste
generated should be disposed regularly through responsible agency in the area
Dustbins should be provided at the site and construction camps to prevent littering of
waste
Storage area of minimum 2 days should be provided at construction camp for storage of
the waste generated from labour camps
Construction debris should also be segregated at the site. This debris should be used for
filling to the extent possible. Recyclable waste should be sold in the local markets and
reject waste should be sent to the identified debris disposal site
All arrangement for transportation during construction including provision, maintenance,
dismantling and clearing debris, where necessary will be considered incidental.
Construction debris should be stored under covered sheds on paved surfaces to prevent
leaching
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Utmost care shall be taken to ensure safe collection, transport and disposal of construction
waste and debris.
Dust Generation Vehicles delivering materials should be covered with tarpaulin to reduce spills and dust
blowing off the load.
Compaction of prepared site to re-strain the fugitive emissions.
Water should be sprayed in the cement and earth mixing sites as well as after compaction.
In high dust areas, workers should be provided and encouraged to use masks.
Regular maintenance, servicing of the vehicles and periodic emission check for equipment
and machinery would be carried out in conformity with Schedule 6 – ‘Standards for
Emission from Motor’ of The Environment Conservation Rules 1997 (Amended
2002);
Water will be sprayed on the haul road.
All the vehicles entering the project site will be checked for Pollution-Under-Control
Certificates.
Air quality monitoring to be carried out during construction phase to check the pollutants
level in the air
Procurement & Specifications of crushers, hot mix plants and batching plants, other Construction
Setting up of Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery to be procured should comply to the DoE Standards/
Crushers, Hot- norms
mix plants, other Residential facility or sensitive facilities like hospitals, schools etc shall not be located in
Vehicles, downwind direction of the identified plant site
Equipment and Aadequate stack height and emission control devices such as bag house filters, cyclone
Machinery separators, water scrubbers etc., should be attached
Impervious platform for storage of bituminous and other liquid hazardous chemical
Pollution control measures for Diesel Generator (DG) set i.e. stack height, acoustic
enclosure etc.
Provision of readily available first aid kit, fire fighting equipments at the plant site at
appropriate location to respond in case of accident.
Periodical monitoring of air quality and noise levels as per conditions stipulated under the
statutory clearance from DoE. Whenever the emission exceeds the permissible level the
plants should be stopped and necessary repairing works of faults should be done to bring
down the emission levels
Contamination of Impervious platform and oil and grease trap for collection of spillage from construction
soil equipment vehicle maintenance platform will be appropriately provided at construction
camp, servicing area and liquid fuel and lubes at storage areas.
Proper management of waste from labour camps and construction site
Proper disposal of wastewater generated from labour camp and construction site
Contamination of Car washing / workshops near water bodies will be avoided.
surface & ground Avoid excavation during monsoon season
water Loosened soil will be stabilized by Contractor through landscaping and developing
vegetation, wherever possible, once construction activity is completed at any site.
Sanitation facility with septic tank followed by soak pit will be developed. Common toilets
will be constructed on site during construction phase and the waste water would be
channelized to the septic tanks and soak pits in order to prevent waste water to enter into
the water bodies.
Provision of oil & grease traps upstream of storm water drains
Surface run off due to construction activity will not be discharged in open without
treatment.
Loss of water No excavation from the bund of the water bodies.
bodies/ surface / No earth will be excavated for development of any off-site facility
ground No debris disposal near any water body.
Prior written permission from authorities is required for use of water for construction
activity.
Construction labours to be restricted from polluting the source or misusing the source.
Labour camps will be located away from water bodies.
Drainage and The Contractor will always clear all the cross drainage structures and natural drainage
runoff before onset of monsoon in order to keep all drainage unblocked Earth, stones, wastes and
spoils will be properly disposed off, to avoid blockage of any drainage channel.
All necessary precautions will be taken to construct temporary or permanent devices to
prevent inundation or ponding.
Noise from Construction activities would be carried out in the daytime only.
Vehicles, Plants The construction equipment would be provided with adequate noise control measures
and Equipment and should comply with the noise standards as prescribed by DoE
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EIA Report- Narayanganj Economic Zone
Regular maintenance of vehicles and equipment would be carried out and corrective
action taken in case of any deviation.
Ear muff/ear plug shall be given to the workers working around or operating plant and
machinery emitting high noise levels.
DG sets if installed should be provided with acoustic enclosures
Labour working in noise prone area should be provided with ear plugs and job rotation
should be practiced to prevent the prolonged exposure of any workers to high noise levels
Loss or damage to Vegetation will be removed from the construction zone before commencement of
vegetation construction. All works will be carried out such that the damage or disruption to flora other
that those identified for cutting is minimum.
Only ground cover/shrubs that impinge directly on the permanent works or necessary
temporary works will be removed with prior approval from the Environmental Expert.
Trees identified under the project will be cut only after receiving clearance from the Forest
Department
Vegetation only with girth of over 30 cm measured at a height of 1.0 m above the ground
will be considered as trees and shall be compensated.
Compensatory plantation should be carried out in the ratio of 1:2 minimum
Loss, damage or Construction workers will be directed not to disrupt or damage the fauna.
disruption to Construction vehicles will run along specified access to avoid accidents to flora and fauna.
fauna
Accidents Safety officer should be appointed at site to ensure all the safety guidelines are being
followed at site
Cautionary guidance should be provided at site to aware people about the associated risk
with the area. Entry to the fuel storage room or machinery operation room should be
restricted only to authorized trainer personnel
All Accidents shall be reported immediately and incident analysis, preventive measures
shall be implemented.
Clearing of Contractors shall prepare site restoration plans. The plans shall be implemented prior to
Construction of demobilization.
Camps & On completion of works, all temporary structures shall be cleared, all rubbish burnt,
Restoration excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and sealed and the site left clean and
tidy.
Occupational All construction worker should wear PPEs including safety jacket, helmet, gloves, gum
Health & Safety boots, ear plugs, mask while working at the site
Plan Workers should be made aware about the health issues related with open defecation
Training to workers should be provided for handling the construction equipment and
machinery
Training to the workers should be provided to handle the emergency situations like fire,
floods etc.
First aid facility and sufficient nos. of trained personnel should be available at all the time
at construction camp
Cautionary signage and notice should be displayed in local language and English at the
required places like fuel storage area so that hazards can be avoided. A security guard
should be deputed in these areas and entry should be restricted
A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall be kept and maintained up to
date. The register shall include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics,
chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage
procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product.
Disaster Precaution will be taken to prevent danger of the workers and the public from fire, flood,
Management drowning, etc. All necessary steps will be taken for prompt first aid treatment of all injuries
likely to be sustained during the course of work.
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Ensuring safety of workers while constructing towers, identifying nearby medical facilities for
emergency situations
Along with the above general mitigation methods mentioned above would help in minimising construction
period impacts of power line.
At least three rows of trees may be retained along the boundary. New trees can be planted to make up the
gaps devoid of trees.
The selection of trees and plants for greenbelt/tree plantation should be those which could grow in the
existing agro climatic conditions. They should be able to survive in the local soil conditions.
Based on the above considerations and also due to loss of trees on the site, the plant species should be
native (especially those which are cut from the site and for road widening) in nature. The selected plant
species would need minimum level of maintenance including fertilisation and other soil amelioration.
Apart from trees, the shrubs removed from the site, and other herbaceous species may also be planted in
between the trees along the boundary wall. This will act as green cover, prevent soil erosion by increasing
the binding capacity of the soil, and importantly act as noise barrier together with trees.
Tree plantation also need to be taken up along the roads such as approach road to the EZ, internal road
reaching administration building, on the vacant land of administration building, etc. Care should be taken
that mangroves adjacent to the site location should not be impacted or cut.
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9.2.6.1 Micrometerology
The nearest meteorological station is located at Dhaka, thus, it is advised to monitor the alteration of
meteorological conditions in the area around EZ location, an automatic weather station for monitoring
wind speed and direction, temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity will be installed within EZ premises.
Two ambient air quality monitoring stations will be established at and around EZ site depending on the
predominant wind directions to assess the change in ambient air quality over the time. Out of these, one
sampling place will be at EZ and one will be decided based on predominant wind direction. The EZ
authorities will also interact with DOE while deciding the exact monitoring locations.
The parameters to be monitored are SPM, PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and hydrocarbons. The frequency
of sampling is once a month, with 24 hours sampling. The EZ Authority is also advised to carry out
monitoring of truck exhaust emissions of SPM, SO2, NOX, and CO in regular intervals.
Methods of analysis and parameters to be analysed would be according to standard methods. Parameters
to be monitored should be based on Bangladesh standards for surface water quality. The main water
quality parameters to be monitored are:Temperature, pH, colour, odour, DO, BOD, COD, EC, TDS, TSS,
Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform, Oil and grease, ammonia, nitrates, alkalinity, sulphate, phosphate, TKN,
Iron, and trace metals such as Chromium, Lead, Cadmium and Mercury.
The parameters, which could be analysed in the EZ laboratories, should be analysed there. Samples could
be sent to other laboratories like DOE laboratory or any Research Laboratory for analysing remaining
parameters.
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Parameters such as oil and grease, TSS, COD, BOD will be measured manually as per Standard Methods,
whereas pH, and temperature will be monitored with appropriate meters. The results of the monitoring
will be sent to DOE periodically.
9.2.6.5 Groundwater
One groundwater sample shall be analysed in the project area. Frequency of monitoring would be monthly
and parameters to be monitored are as per Bangladesh drinking water quality standards. The main
parameters are as follows: pH, DO, BOD, COD, EC, TDS, TSS, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnecium, Total
Coliform, Fecal Coliform, Sulphate, Fluoride, Iron, Arsenic, and trace metals such as Chromium, Lead,
Cadmium and Mercury.
Textural class
Gravel (%)
Sand (%)
Silt (%)
Clay (%)
pH
Bulk density (g/cc)
Infiltration rate (cm/h)
Specific gravity
Porosity (%)
Moisture content (%)
Organic matter (%)
Alkalinity (CaCO3 mg/L)
Sodium absorption ratio
Conductivity (micromhos)
Available nitrogen (%)
Available phosphorous (mg/kg)
Available potassium (%)
Available boron (mg/kg)
Available NaCl (%)
Available Na2CO3 (%)
Available iron (mg/kg)
Available manganese (mg/kg)
Available copper (mg/kg)
Available zinc (mg/kg)
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of the project. Thus, it is recommended to carry out a one-time assessment of baseline flora and fauna
surrounding the project location before completion of the project. There after terrestrial and aquatic flora
and fauna should be monitored to observe any alteration in their species composition and replacement.
This could be done in association with local universities and research institutions which carry out such
studies frequently. Such monitoring would help in taking necessary steps at the appropriate stage to
prevent further deterioration of the surrounding ecology and protect the flora-fauna. The frequency of
sampling could be once in a year during post monsoon season (Oct to Dec).
In addition, the Environment Management Cell should collect studies on flora-fauna conducted by local
universities and research institutions in the nearby areas.
Seperate environment clearance should be taken by developer before developing economic zone
from DoE
Industries should obtain environment clearance individually from DoE prior to establishment and
commencement.
Measures that should be taken by developer and individual industrial owners whicle development and
operation phase is tabulated in table below
Table 64: Mitigation Measures Suggested for Developer
Identification of Site for Disposal Site identified should be 1.0 km away from settlement, sensitive
of construction Debris, locations, like school, hospital, religious structures, reseve forest and
construction labour camp and any other eco-sensitive zone etc.
plant site Site identified should be approved by BEZA and PMC
Site should be located in downwind direction from settlement area
Fertile agricultural land and community land should be avoided for
setting of these facilities
Air Pollution Sprinkling of water during construction phase on all unpaved roads,
site and haul roads
Avoiding excess pilling of raw material and debris at site
Storage & transportation of raw material and debris in covered
conditions
Cutting of only identified trees after obtaining permission of forest
department
Regular cleaning of site
Guiding signage should be provided at the site for vehicles
Timings of the construction material vehicles should be fixed and
should be during non-peak hours to prevent traffic congestion and
traffic jams
Usage of low energy intensive building material like fly ash mic
cement and bricks
Usage of low sulphur diesel for running DG sets, construction
vehicles and equipments
Obtaining temporary electricity connection during construction
phase and operating DG sets only during power failure
Open burning of wood or any other material should be prohibited at
site and all the workers should be made aware about the same
Water Pollution & water Minimizing the run-off from the site by construction of sediment
Conservation basins
Maintaining the flow of water sprinklers so as to avoid wastage of
water
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biological
parameters
2.0 Operation Phase
2.1 Noise Levels Noise levels Ambient Monthly Individual BEZA
compliance with Equivalent Industrial
respect to continuous Sound Units
industrial Pressure Levels
standards (Leq) at day and
Night time at 6 to
8 locations
Plant periphery Monthly Individual BEZA
and near noise Industrial
generation Units
sources
2.2 Biological Horticulture/ Survival rate of Quarterly BEZA BEZA
Environment Greenbelt plants and shrubs
Development Survival rate of Quarterly Individual BEZA
plants and shrubs unit
at individual unit
2.3 Ambient air Ambient air Ambient air Quaterly Individual BEZA
quality quality levels quality Industrial
compliance with monitoring at Units
respect to individual
industrial industries –
standards Monitor levels of
PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NOx, CO
2.4 Ground water Ground water Borewells Quaterly Individual BEZA
quality quality levels installed at site Industrial
compliance with Units
respect to
industrial
standards
Air quality
Water quality
Noise levels
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management
Re-plantation success / survival rate
Soil Erosion
These indicators will evaluated periodically based on the monitoring results, baseline conditions, predicted
impacts and mitigation measures.
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Identify regulatory requirements of the sub-project and initiate necessary actions / studies to
ensure compliance to the same;
Co-ordinate with DoE and PIU and ensure securing SCC and ECC as applicable for the project(s);
Co-ordinate with the contractors / sub-contractors and all other agencies involved in the
development and operation of EZ / EPZ and ensure that all the requirements of EMP are fully
complied;
Ensure that all the common environmental infrastructure in EZ / EPZ is operated and maintained
in compliance with the regulatory requirements of GoB;
Liaise with individual enterprise/tenants and ensure that all environmental management
conditions of the tenant lease agreement are fully complied;
Prepare regular reports on environment management and submit to PIU/GoB.
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sufficient skilled manpower is not available to carry out technical work in the industrial units during
operational phase.
The Trust will organise a community advisory group involving local representatives, representatives from
EZ industries and neighbouring industries; that would help them in finding ways to participate with its
neighbours in addressing socio-economic concerns. With the advice of its community advisory panel, local
officials, and other key individuals and groups, the Trust along with its constituent industries may sponsor
appropriate programs and projects to benefit its community as a whole.
Some specific community development programs that could be considered by the Trust in coordination
with other industries in the locality are suggested here:
Conducting awareness programs in surrounding villages on health impacts due to environmental
pollution (air, noise, water, solid waste, etc), and precautions to be taken to minimise health impacts.
Conducting periodic health check-ups to the EZ (including industries) staff and in the surrounding
villages to identify pollution related diseases.
Encouragement to residents in the nearby localities for self-employment ventures, such as by assisting
them in arranging micro finances to develop them as artisans/ skilled personnel.
Periodic training programs on health and sanitary education, women and child development, and
income generation schemes.
Participation in improving the existing medical and educational facilities of the area - for this purpose,
it is suggested that the Trust provide funds for facilities improvement (providing toilets, furniture,
additional space creation, any other needed) to the local hospitals and schools
Development of greenbelt/greenery or tree plantation in the nearby vacant government lands to build
a green and clean environment in the surrounding areas and to reduce pollution impacts to some
extent.
Sponsoring fellowships to students in surrounding villages to encourage them to go for higher
education
Construction of a hospital in EZ area in collaboration with other industries to improve health status
Conduct or sponsor camps to clean up river ghats, jetties and terminals in the surrounding areas.
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to maintain environmental quality analysis laboratory and analyse air, noise, water and soil samples
on a regular basis
to implement community development plan,
to coordinate and monitor EZ Trust to regularly check workers health and take appropriate steps
to coordinate and monitor EZ Trust on safety conditions at various work environments and take
necessary steps to maintain high safety standards. To deal with emergency situations.
to liaison with regulatory bodies
to ensure systematic and routine housekeeping of the common areas of EZ
to maintain the proposed greenbelt along the boundary
The EMC may be headed by an Assistant Director – Environment, who should be a senior person, should
have an overall knowledge of STP, hazardous waste TSDFs, and their maintenance, environmental laws
and standards, and should be able to independently manage the Cell. The EMC in-charge may be
supported by Environmental scientist/ engineer and a Social Analyst. The scientist will be responsible for
environmental quality analysis and should be capable of preparing reports and data sheets. He/she should
have sufficient knowledge in sampling and analysis of environmental parameters. The social analyst
should have knowledge of community programs and should be able to plan and implement community
programs. In addition a part time occupational health specialist and a safety specialist can be appointed.
Compensation has also been enumenrated for the a) loss of agricultural crops; b) loss of 59 homesteads
along with the c) compensation for acquiring 166.01 acres of private bondobostho land and d) loss of
trees owned by the 59 homesteads. The total compensation that has been enumerated under the above
headings comes out to be BDT 3,487,181,478.
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11.2 Recommendations
The recommendations made for the project development on the basis of EIA study are given below:
Construction activities for the development of project should be started after obtaining
environment clearance certificate from DoE, Bangladesh
Proposed environment management plan should be implemented strictly both during operation
and construction phase of the project.
Proper training of maintaining environment, health and safety should be given to Project
management unit in both construction and operation phase
Provision of garland drain, thick green belt, ETP, STP, segregated storm water shall be adhered
to.
Seperate environment impact assessment study is to be carried out by individual industry before
development.
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Industries should obtain environment clearance individually from DoE prior to establishment
and commencement.
Measures that should be taken by developer and individual industrial owners whicle development and
operation phase is tabulated in table below
Table 67: Mitigation Measures Suggested for Developer
Identification of Site for Disposal Site identified should be 1.0 km away from settlement, sensitive
of construction Debris, locations, like school, hospital, religious structures, reseve forest and
construction labour camp and any other eco-sensitive zone etc.
plant site Site identified should be approved by BEZA and PMC
Site should be located in downwind direction from settlement area
Fertile agricultural land and community land should be avoided for
setting of these facilities
Air Pollution Sprinkling of water during construction phase on all unpaved roads,
site and haul roads
Avoiding excess pilling of raw material and debris at site
Storage & transportation of raw material and debris in covered
conditions
Cutting of only identified trees after obtaining permission of forest
department
Regular cleaning of site
Provision of adequate parking space at site so as to prevent idling of
vehicles during construction phase
Upkeeping and maintenance of all the construction vehicles,
machinery and equipment used for construction purpose
All vehicles entering the EZ site should carry PUC
Guiding signage should be provided at the site for vehicles enetering
the site to minimize the movement of vehicle within the site
Timings of the construction material vehicles should be fixed and
should be during non-peak hours to prevent traffic congestion and
traffic jams
Speed limits should be restricted within the site for all the
construction vehicles
Usage of low energy intensive building material like fly ash mic
cement and bricks
Usage of low sulphur diesel for running DG sets, construction
vehicles and equipments
Obtaining temporary electricity connection during construction
phase and operating DG sets only during power failure
Provision of wheel washing facility at exit point of site
Adequate air pollution control measures like provision of bag filters,
stacks of adequate height should be provided with WMM, hot mix
plant, batching plant etc.
Open burning of wood or any other material should be prohibited at
site and all the workers should be made aware about the same
Zonation of EZ should be carried out such that high polluting
industries should be located in downwind direction
Water Pollution & water Minimizing the run-off from the site by construction of sediment
Conservation basins for collection of storm run-off and re-using that water for
curing purpose and wheel washing
Maintaining the flow of water sprinklers so as to avoid wastage of
water
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Disaster and Ris Provision of first aid kit and first aid room and well trained first aid
k Management practioner at the site all the time
Ambulance facility should be provided at the site
Tie-ups with local hospital should be made to handly emergency
case, if any
Availability of safety officers and supervisiors at all the time on the
site
Workers should be given training for handling construction vehicles,
equipment and handling emergency situations like fire, floods,
earthquake and cyclone
Cautionary signage should be provided in the areas associated with
risks like storage of explosives, fuels, heavy construction material
etc. Entry for only trained authorized personnel should be allowed in
such areas with adequate safery measures
Emergency handling cell & room should be developed at the site and
should be headed by project & safety manager
Contact no. of nearest fire-station and hospitals should be displayed
within the emergency handling room
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industrial
standards
Air quality
Water quality
Noise levels
Solid & Hazardous Waste Management
Re-plantation success / survival rate
Soil Erosion
These indicators will evaluated periodically based on the monitoring results, baseline conditions, predicted
impacts and mitigation measures.
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12.2. Recommendations
The recommendations made for the project development on the basis of EIA study are given below:
Construction activities for the development of project should be started after obtaining
environment clearance certificate from DoE, Bangladesh
Proposed environment management plan should be implemented strictly both during operation
and construction phase of the project.
Trees cutting should be minimum and compensatory plantation should be carried out for trees to
be fell for off-site development minimum in ratio of 1:2
Proper training of maintaining environment, health and safety should be given to Project
management unit in both construction and operation phase
Provision of garland drain, thick green belt, ETP, STP, segregated storm water shall be adhered
to.
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