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    Rule-based synthesis imitates the physical properties of speech using tones rather than a human voice. It synthesizes harmonics like f0 and formants like F1 and F2. Stops are synthesized with silence during closure and high energy on release. Fricatives have sustained high energy, and sibilants are louder than other fricatives. Nasals have a loud nasal murmur around 250 Hz. Voiced sounds have harmonics at f0 intervals while unvoiced sounds have random frequency noise.

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    9 Notes- Rule Based Synthesis

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    Rule-based synthesis imitates the physical properties of speech using tones rather than a human voice. It synthesizes harmonics like f0 and formants like F1 and F2. Stops are synthesized with silence during closure and high energy on release. Fricatives have sustained high energy, and sibilants are louder than other fricatives. Nasals have a loud nasal murmur around 250 Hz. Voiced sounds have harmonics at f0 intervals while unvoiced sounds have random frequency noise.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views42 pages

    9 Notes - Rule Based Synthesis

    Uploaded by

    Bebe
    Rule-based synthesis imitates the physical properties of speech using tones rather than a human voice. It synthesizes harmonics like f0 and formants like F1 and F2. Stops are synthesized with silence during closure and high energy on release. Fricatives have sustained high energy, and sibilants are louder than other fricatives. Nasals have a loud nasal murmur around 250 Hz. Voiced sounds have harmonics at f0 intervals while unvoiced sounds have random frequency noise.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 42

    Rule-Based Synthesis

    LING 285
    Spring 2021
    Mary Byram Washburn
    Rule Based
    Synthesis
    Physical Properties:

    - Harmonics
    -

    - f0
    - Decrease in
    amplitude
    -

    - Formants
    -

    - F1 and F2 the
    loudest
    • Rule Based Speech Synthesis:
    Rule-Based •

    • Imitation of the physical properties of speech, using something other


    Synthesis •
    than the human voice

    • Synthesize the acoustics of speech


    •

    • Harmonics
    •

    • f0
    • Decrease in amplitude
    • Formants
    •

    • F1 and F2
    Pure Tone =
    Simple Signal
    • Lots of Pure Tones
    Pure Tone •

    Synthesis •

    •
    One for each:
    • Harmonic
    •

    • f0
    • Decrease in amplitude
    • Formant
    •

    • F1 and F2 the loudest


    •
    5000
    4000
    3000
    2000
    1000
    0 Hz
    Vowel
    For Vowels:
    Acoustics
    •

    • 2 tones (F1 and F2)

    2500
    Hz
    300 Hz
    Rule-Based
    Synthesis
    Rule-Based
    Synthesis

    Synthesized /æ/
    F1: high 800Hz
    F2: high
    1800Hz
    f0: female 200Hz
    Rule-Based
    natural /æ/
    Synthesis

    synthesized /æ/
    Stop- involves 2
    Consonant
    gestures-
    Acoustics
    closure and
    release

    Kick Pip
    /kɪk/ /pɪp/

    Fricatives-
    just 1
    gesture

    Fish Sis
    /fɪʃ/ /sɪs/
    Mesh

    5000 Hz
    Consonant
    Acoustics:
    Fricatives
    mesh, mess?

    Mess

    5000 Hz
    Synthesizing Consonants
    Rule-Based •

    Synthesis •

    •
    Synthesize the acoustics of speech
    • Stops:
    •

    • Silence during closure gesture


    • A lot of high energy when there’s aspiration on the release gesture
    • Fricatives
    •

    • Energy is high and long


    • Sibilants are louder than other fricatives
    •

    • /s/: starts >4000 Hz


    • /ʃ/: starts ~3000 Hz
    • Nasals
    •

    • Nasal Murmur: loud at ~250 Hz


    •
    Consonant pam
    Acoustics
    nap, pam, pop?

    pop

    nap
    3412, 3512, 3612, 3712

    Consonant
    Acoustics: [z]
    Voicing

    [s]
    Synthesizing Consonants
    Rule-Based •

    Synthesis •

    •
    Synthesize the acoustics of speech

    Voicing
    Voiced: harmonics
    • Frequencies at intervals of the f0
    Unvoiced: noise
    • Frequencies at random intervals
    • do not have harmonics
    •
    hiss his
    /hɪs/ /hɪz/
    Consonant
    Acoustics:
    Voicing

    /eib/ /eip/
    Synthesizing Consonants
    Rule-Based •

    Synthesis •

    •
    Synthesize the acoustics of speech

    Voicing
    Voiced: harmonics
    • Frequencies at intervals of the f0
    • Long preceding vowel, Short consonant
    Unvoiced: noise
    • Frequencies at random intervals
    • Short preceding vowel, Long consonant
    •
    Consonant
    Acoustics:
    Liege or liege (voiced)

    Voicing
    Leash?
    /liʒ/ /liʃ/

    leash (unvoiced)
    Rule-Based [s]
    Synthesis in 5000 Hz
    5200 Hz
    Praat 6000 HZ

    [ʃ]
    3000 Hz
    5000 Hz
    5200 Hz
    • Rule Based Speech Synthesis:
    Rule-Based •

    • Imitation of the physical properties of speech, using something other


    Synthesis •
    than the human voice
    Formant Based Synthesis
    •

    • Synthesize the acoustics of speech


    •

    • Harmonics
    •

    • f0
    • Decrease in amplitude
    • Formants
    •

    • F1 and F2
    •
    •
    Stops:

    Rule-Based
    •

    •
    Silence during closure gesture
    A lot of high energy when there’s aspiration on the release gesture
    Synthesis:
    •

    •
    Fricatives
    Consonants •

    •
    Energy is high and long
    •
    Sibilants are louder than other fricatives
    •

    •
    /s/: starts >4000 Hz
    •
    /ʃ/: starts ~3000 Hz
    •
    Nasals
    •

    • Nasal Murmur: loud at ~250 Hz

    Voicing
    •
    Voiced: harmonics
    •

    • Frequencies at intervals of the f0


    •
    Long preceding vowel, Short consonant
    •
    Unvoiced: noise
    •

    •
    Frequencies at random intervals
    •

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