Tasneem Elsayed Mohamed

Group:6 (BIS)
1- “the transmission of information and meaning from a sender to a receiver.” The crucial
element in this definition is meaning. The process is successful only when the receiver
understands an idea as the sender intended it. How does an idea travel from one person to
another.

2- (1) Sender Has Idea

The communication process begins when the sender has an idea. The form of the
idea may be influenced by complex factors surrounding the sender. These factors may include
mood, frame of reference, background, culture, and physical makeup,
as well as the context of the situation and many other factors. Senders shape their
ideas based on their own experiences and assumptions.

(2) Sender Encodes Idea2-1b Sender Encodes Idea

The next step in the communication process involves encoding. This means
converting the idea into words or gestures that will convey meaning. A major
problem in communicating any message verbally is that words have different
meanings for different people. Recognizing how easy it is to be misunderstood,
skilled communicators choose familiar, concrete words. In choosing proper words
and symbols, senders must be alert to the receiver’s communication skills, attitudes,
background, experiences, and culture. Including a smiley face in an e-mail announcement to
stockholders may turn them off.
(3) Sender Selects Channel and Transmits Message
The medium over which the message travels is the channel. Messages may be delivered
By computer, wireless network, smartphone, letter, memorandum, report, announcement, image,
spoken word, fax, Web page, or some other channel. Today’s messages are increasingly carried
over digital networks with much opportunity for distraction and breakdown. Receivers may be
overloaded with incoming messages or unable to receive messages clearly on their devices. Only
well-crafted messages may be accepted, understood, and acted on. Anything that interrupts the
transmission of a message in the communication process is called noise. Channel noise may
range from a weak Internet signal to sloppy formatting and typos in e-mail messages. Noise may
even include the annoyance a receiver feels when the sender chooses an improper channel for
transmission or when the receiver is overloaded with messages and information.
(4) Receiver Decodes Message
The individual to whom the message is intended is the receiver. Translating the
message from its symbol form into meaning involves decoding. Only when the
receiver understands the meaning intended by the sender—that is, successfully
decodes the message—does communication take place. Such success is often difficult to achieve
because of a number of barriers that block the process.
(5) Feedback Returns to Sender
The verbal and nonverbal responses of the receiver create feedback, a vital part
of the communication process. Feedback helps the sender know that the message
was received and understood. Senders can encourage feedback by asking questions
such as Am I making myself clear? And Is there anything you don’t understand? Senders can
further improve feedback by timing the delivery appropriately and by providing only as much
information as the receiver can handle. Receivers improve the communication process by
providing clear and complete feedback. In The business world, one of the best ways to advance
understanding is to paraphrase the sender’s message with comments such as Let me try to
explain that in my own words.