Enpp!

PACiE I OF 40

SPECIFICATION

SPECIFICATION No
0000-000-400-003
SPECIFICATION FOR

METALLIC PIPING FABRICATION AND ERECTION

THIS PAGE RECORDS TH[; REVISIONS OF THIS SPECIFICATION SINCE ITS ADOPTION. THE NATURE OF
E.-\Cll REVISION IS BRIEFLY NOTED UNDER REMARKS. FOR CONVENIENCE, EACH REVISION IS BRIEFLY
DLSCRIBIW IN THE NEXT PAGE.

REV DATE BY APPHOVAL PAGES REMARKS

0 Aug.01.1986 HA M.H. S.S. 37 Issued as Enppi Standard

I /\U2,. 05, 1987 M.T. S.Y. M.H. 37 Reissued as Emmi Standard

AAS. M,Ni

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} March 30. l 6 ,A .M., 40 Totally Revised and Reissued as Enppi Standard
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THIS SPECIFICATION IS THE PROPERTY OF ENPPI. IT IS FURNISHED TO ESTABLISH ENPPI REQUIREMENTS

ON A PARTICULAR PRO,JEC'I' AND SOLELY FOR THAT PURPOSE. TIIJS SPECIFICATION IS NOT INTlcNDED
FOR GENKRAL ClRCllLATION, AND IT SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED OR DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT ENPPI
WRITTEN PERMISSION.
 SPECIFICATION
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METALLIC PIPING FABRICATION AND ERECTION
REV. 2

REV REVISION DESCRIPTION

1 Revised as Noted
Totally Revised and Reissued as Enppi Standard & Title changed from Piping Fabrication and Erection to Metallic
2
Piping Fabrication and Erection

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 SPECIFICATION
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CONTENTS

PAGE

1.0 SCOPE 5

2.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 5

3.0 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE 6

4.0 DEFINITIONS 6

5.0 ABBREVIATIONS 7

6.0 INFORMATION SOURCES 7

7.0 STORAGE 8

8.0 PIPING MATERIAL 8

9.0 PIPING FABRICATION 9

10.0 MATERIALS MARKING 15

11.0 PIPING IDENTIFICATION AND COLOR CODING 16

12.0 PIPE SPOOLS 16

13.0 PAINTING 17

14.0 WELDING 17

15.0 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION 21

16.0 INSPECTION RECORDS AND REPORTS 23

17.0 PROTECTION 23
18.0 ERECTION 24

APPENDICES

g APPENDIX 1.0: COLOR CODING 33

APPENDIX 2.0: FABRICATION TOLERANCE 34

APPENDIX 3.0: NDT REQUIREMENTS 35

SPECIFICATION
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FIGURES

FIGURE 1. SINGLE STRIP COLOR CODING (FLANGES & FITTINGS) 37

FIGURE 2. SINGLE STRIP COLOR CODING (PIPES) 38

FIGURE 3. SHOP FIELD AND RANDOM PIPING 39

FIGURE 4. MATERIAL CLASS CHANGE 40

SPECIFICATION PAGE 5 OF40
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1.0 SCOPE

This specification covers the fabrication and erection of the above ground, underground process
and utility steel piping. Fabrication is either performed at site or at a designated pipe spool
fabrication shop.

2.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

The reference documents listed below form an integral pa1t of this Specification.

2.1 LAWS & REGULATIONS

Law No. 4/94 Egyptian Environmental Law no. 4/94 and all its amendments &
Decrees.

2.2 CODES, STANDARDS, RECOMMENDED PRACTICES & GUIDELINES

ASME B.1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General PUtpose

ASMEB16.25 Buttwelding Ends
ASMEB31.l Power Piping
ASME B31.3 Process Piping
ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other
Liquids
ASMEB31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
ASME BPVC-Sec. IX Welding,Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications
ASTMAl23 Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on
Iron and Steel Products
ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems - Requirements with Guidance
for Use
ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems - Requirements
NACE MR0l 75/ISO Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Materials for Use in H2S­
15156 Containing Enviromnents in Oil and Gas Production
PFI ES II Permanent Marking on Piping Materials
PFI ES 24 PipeBending Methods, Tolerances, Process and Material
Requirements
PFI ES 3 Fabricating Tolerances

2.3 ENPPI SPECIFICATIONS

0000-000-100-020 SUtface Preparation and Painting

0000-000-100-076 Welding of Equipment and Piping
SPECIFICATION
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0000-000-400-002 Piping Materials Specification

0000-000-400-006 Field Pressure Testing of Piping
0000-000-400-012 Chemical Cleaning of Piping
0000-000-400-014 Piping Coating and Wrapping
0000-000-400-026 Mechanical Cleaning of Piping

2.4 OTHER DOCUMENTS

0000-000-KLA-001 Line Designation Tables List

Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant
appendices and supplements, is the latest revision published at the EFFECTIVE DATE of the
CONTRACT.

Codes & Standards equivalent to those referenced herein shall not be substituted without written
approval from the Customer.

3.0 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

In the event of conflicts among the referenced documents above, the order of precedence shall be
as follows:

a) The Laws and Regulations.

b) The referenced Specifications.
c) The referenced Codes & Standards.

Where this specification states no overriding requirements, the referenced Codes and Standards
shall apply in full.

Any conflicts between this specification and other applicable Specification, Codes and Standards
or local applicable laws shall be brought to the attention of the Customer for resolution.

4.0 DEFINITIONS

COMPANY The Organization which initiate the Project and pay for it.
CONTRACTOR/ The Organization which carries out the works defined m this
FABRICATOR specification and in the related contractual agreement.
CUSTOMER The Organization or person that receives a product.
CUSTOMER The Organization or Person duly appointed by the CUSTOMER or
REPRESENTATIVE COMPANY to act as its representativc(s) to supervise and control
the job.
FIELD WELD A field weld is the joining of two components, beveled for welding,
made to drawing dimensions, and to be welded at the construction site
SPECIFICATION
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METALLIC PIPING FABRICATION AND ERECTION

REV. 2

FIT-UP WELD A fit-up weld is a field weld that allows some dimensional adjustment
of a pipe spool during final assembly.
JNSPECTION The Conformity evaluation by observation and judgment
accompanied as appropriate by measurement, testing or gauging.
JNSPECTOR The CUSTOMER or COMPANY representative(s), (as applicable),
or member(s) from an Inspection Agency duly appointed by the
CUSTOMER or COMPANY to act as its reprcsentative(s) for the
purpose of the conh·act.
MANUFACTURER The party selected by the CUSTOMER or the SUPPLIER (as
applicable) as the Manufacturer of the said materials.
PIPJNG Pipes with Fittings and Flanges.
SHOP The space allocated at the Conshuction site for the fabrication of
piping.

5.0 ABBREVIATIONS

F Field Installed Material

FBE Fusion Bond Epoxy
FFW Field Fit-Up Weld
FW Field Weld
GATW Gas tungsten Arc Welding
LDT Line Designation Table
NPT National Pipe Thread Taper
P&ID Piping and Inshumentation Diagram
PFI Piping Fabrication Institute
PWHT Post Weld Heat Treahnent
R Field Installed Random Length.
s Shop Fabricated.

6.0 INFORMATION SOURCES

The following documents will be issued to the Conshuction Contractor/ Fabricator:

Piping Materials Specification

Piping Drawings (General An-angemcnts & Isometrics).

Isometric Index

Piping Standard Drawings.

SPECIFICATION
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Standard and Special Pipe Supports Drawings.

Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID'S)

Line Desi gnation Tables (LDT)

Other drawings and specifications stating typical and specific requirements relating to pipe
spool fabrication.

7.0 STORAGE

Piping material must be stored by type, size and material specification.

All piping materials stored outdoors shall be suppmted off the ground.

Materials will be supplied color marked, as indicated in Appendix"!", to differentiate types

of materials.

Care must be taken to select and utilize special material such as the ones that they are
manufactured to NACE Std., ASME code and alloys for their required services only.

Materials shall be cheeked for their color-coding defined in Appendix "l ", when received by
stock yard, against the shipping documents.

Repaint any unclear marks or paints that changed its color due to weather effect in
accordance to Appendix"l".

8.0 PIPING MATERIAL

The Materials used for the fabrication of the metallic piping shall be in accordance to Piping
Materials Specification 0000-000-400-002.

Fabrication, Erection and Storage of all Non Metallic Piping shall be done as per
Manufacturer Procedure and adhered to by the Construction Contractor.

The Piping will normally be fabricated on the basis of a "Bill of Materials for Piping", which is
included in the isometric drawings, material lists and (where necessary) additional information.

The Piping isometric drawings identify the piping materials class. Out of class materials are
identified by either code numbers or descriptions, as appropriate.

Materials not identified on the piping drawings must be strictly as specified in the Piping
Materials Specification 0000-000-400-002 (Material Classes Index) for that line se1vice.
Appropriate code requirements must also apply.

All materials must be new.

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8.1 MATERIAL CLASS CHANGE

The Piping material class may change at a valve, flange, or flange weld in a piping run. The
location of all material class changes occurring within a piping run are designated on the
P& ID'S and the piping isometric drawings. The designation of a change is shown by the
appropriate material class being labeled on each side of a dividing line as illustrated in
Figure "4".

When vessels or equipment provide a natural class break, no designation of change is shown,
unless there is a valve-nozzle connection.

9.0 PIPING FABRICATION

9.1 CUTTING AND BEVELING

Cutting and beveling of pipes may be done by mechanical means: flame cutting, plasma cutting
or water cutting.

Machine cut bevels in accordance with ASME-Bl6.25 to form the welding groove are preferred
for all piping.

Shop-beveling of field welds or fit-up weld is not required if a make-up length (extra length for
field cntting to size) is provided. In these cases, bevels shall be prepared after cutting the relevant
pipe spool to the required length.

Pipes for socket weld joints shall be cut square and buns removed.

9.2 EXTENT OF FABRICATION

Carbon steel piping where field installed material connects to shop fabricated pipe spools, the
shop fabricated spool shall include all branch connections for field piping , up to the first field
butt weld, first field socket weld, first screwed connection, or first flanged joint including the
first flange.

Pipe spools in sizes 2 inch and larger of butt welded construction shall be prefab1icated in the
shop. Fabrication of Piping smaller than 2 inch socket weld piping requirin g heat treatment or
the use of special tools or equipment shall be also shop fabricated. Other pipes shall be field
fabricated.

All alloy and stainless steel piping using butt-welded fittings shall be shop fabricated except for
long straight runs in pipe racks which shall be field fabricated.

Threaded piping and threaded components which are installed as attachments to shop fabricated
pipe spools shall be termed "field installed material".

Straight piping runs of piping indicated as random piping must not be defined as pipe spools.
Such piping will be installed by the field crews in random lengths.

Fabricator must show the limits between the shop , field and random piping on the erection
drawings as indicated in Figure "3".
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Attachments, such as suppmis, braces, lugs and T-bars are to be field installed. Where pipe
fabrications require pre or post weld heat treatment then such attachments must be on pads or
stubs to which the Erector can weld; pads or stubs must be installed by the fabricator and receive
the appropriate heat treatment.

Dummy legs are to be installed in the shop.

Field rnns are desi gnated on the Isometric Drawings.

9.3 FABRICATION DETAILS

In addition to the requirements of the governing code the following shall apply unless otherwise
noted on the piping drawings.

9.3.1 ACCURACY

The shop is responsible for the accuracy of the shop detail drawings and the accuracy
of fabrication. The basis for pipe spool tolerances shall be as per PFI ES 3,
(Fabricating Tolerances) and PFI ES 24 (Pipe Bending Methods, Tolerances, Process
and Materials Requirements), as well as Appendix "2".

9.3.2 WELDED PIPE

Permitted radial misalignment of adjacent butt-weld preparations shall not be larger

than 1.5 mm for thickness up to 15mm and not larger than 2.5 mm for thickness
greater than 15mm.

Internal misalignment in excess of that permitted above shall be corrected by

machining pipe ends in accordance with ASME B31.3 if this does not reduce the
finished wall thickness below the required minimum wall thickness. Internal trimming,
when necessary, shall be done at a taper of 1 :4.

9.3.3 FITTINGS

Long Radius Elbows shall be used. Shmi Radius Elbows or flanged fittings may be
used only where necessaiy and will be indicated on the Isometric drawings.

Reducing Elbows shall not be used.

Miter elbows are not allowed, except for lines open to the atmosphere.

The required type of Reducers (Eccentric or Concentric) shall be as indicated on the

isometric drawings.

9.3.4 SOCKET WELD JOINTS

The weld dimension for socket welding piping joints mnst not be less than the
minimum dimensions shown in ASME B31.3, Para. 311.2.5, and Figures 328.5.2 B &
C, as applicable. The gap shall not exceed 1.5mm (1/16 inch) before welding.
SPECIFICATION
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9.3.5 PIPE BENDING

Pipe bending shall be carried out in pipe bending machines.

Bending must not reduce the wall thickness below the minimum wall thickness
specified.

Thickness check shall be carried out on all pipe bends. Checking technique and its
extent of use shall be subject to Customer approval.

When bending welded pipe, the longitudinal weld must be located in the neutral axis of
the bend.

Weld repairs of cracks in pipe bends shall not be permitted

Bends intended for use in pipes that require pigging shall be checked for correct bore
and radii to allow the passage of the pig.

Piping which is bent must be heat treated in accordance with the code to which the
piping is fabricated.

Stainless steel bending shall be (whenever possible) performed at ambient temperature.

Where the size and schedule of the pipe is such that cold bending becomes non
practical, hot bending shall be carried out and followed by solution heat treatment.

Carbon steel cold bending shall be performed below 45 °C.

Customer approval is required in order to correct minor deviations in dimensions by

Cold bending of post weld heat treated pipe, unless post weld heat treatment is
repeated.

The feasibility of welding after heat tr·eatment must be reviewed with Customer, prior
to performance of the welding.

Gas tungsten arc re-melting of cover pass welds is prohibited on Low Carbon or
Stabilized Grades of Stainless Steel (such as 321 or 347) and in general, should not be
used in other cases.

No water shall be applied to stainless steel piping except as in quenching from solution
annealing treatment using approved procedures.

Flattening of the bend shall not to exceed the limitations of ASME B3 l .3 Paragraph
332.2.1. A smooth bend contour must be maintained. Creased or corrugated bends are
not permitted. Do not coil A53 Grade B, or Al 06 Grade B pipe.

Bends must be smooth, free from buckling, cracks, gauges, corrugations, die marks,
and heavy scales. Tolerance limits shall be as per the applicable code per which the
piping is fabricated.
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9.3.6 FLANGES

Flange bolt holes are to straddle principal centerlines of equipment and piping.

Unless otherwise shown on the drawings, bolt holes of fixed flanges shall be oriented
as follows:

Vertical flange faces; a pair of bolt holes shall straddle the plant vertical centreline
Horizontal flange faces; a pair of bolt holes shall straddle the plant North-South
centreline
Sloping flange faces; a pair of bolt holes shall straddle the plane defined by the
centreline of the pipe and a vertical line.

Any exception to this shall be subject to Customer approval and will be specifically
noted.

Precautions must be taken throughout fabrication not to damage the gasket face on
flanges.

During fabrication, damage to sealing or seating surfaces of flanges shall be avoided.

Flat face flanges with full face gaskets are generally used for mating ASME Class 125
cast iron flat face valves or equipment or ASME Class 150 steel flat faced valves or
equipment. Any exceptions shall be subject to Customer approval.

Foreign materials and protective grease shall be removed from flange faces before
assembly, after cleaning; flange faces shall be inspected for pits and/or defects in the
gasket contact face.

All studs and nuts shall be thoroughly cleaned before assembling gasket.

Slip on flanges is to be positioned such that the distance from the face of the flange to
the pipe end is approximately equal to the pipe wall thickness plus 3 mm (1/8 inch).
Slip on flanges shall be welded to pipe by inside and outside fillet welds. The inside
fillet weld shall be applied so that the flanges do not require re-facing.

Orifice flanges are to be accurately aligned with the inside welded surface ground so
that adjoining surfaces are smooth and flush.

Typical details for double-welded slip-on and socket welding flange attachment welds
shall be as per ASME B3 l.3 Fig. 328.5.2B.

9.3.7 ORIFICE FLANGES

Orientation of orifice flanges taps and the location of pipe taps are shown on Drawings

Orifice flanges are supplied drilled and tapped for jackscrcws where no other provision
has been made for spreading flanges they shall be drilled and tapped by the fabricator.
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9.3.8 ORIFICE RUNS

Orifice runs must not contain welds except at the flanges.

Pipe ends at orifice flanges must be machine-cut and perpendicular to the pipe axis.

Welds at the orifice flanges must be ground smooth inside.

Pipe tap connections are to be drilled through the pipewall and be smooth inside.

9.3.9 THREADED JOINTS

Where threaded couplings or nipples are welded to pipe spools, the thread must be
checked for fit and roundness after welding or heat treatment.

Threaded connections in items requiring heat treatment are to be protected from

damage by heat.

After welding and heat treatment, check the fittings by using a thread gage. If the
threading is not acceptable, chase the threads with a tap or die. Clean the threads with
cutting oil and a suitable solvent.

All pipe threads shall be taper pipe thread, as per ASME Bl.20.1 without exception.
Teflon tape shall be used for all threaded joints where the design temperature is 200°
C. or below.

Threaded connections shall not be seal welded unless specified on isometric drawings,
where �eal welding is required, the joints shall be nia<le up without the application of
thread lubricant and threads shall be thoroughly cleaned from grease and oil.

9.3.10 GALVANIZED PIPING

Whenever Galvanization is required at site; Spools shall be Hot Dipped Galvanized.

This shall be made after spool welding and inspection. Hot dipped galvanization shall
be done as per ASTM Al23 requirements only. Galvanized Piping shall not be bent or
welded after galvanizing.

9.3.11 PIPE BRANCH CONNECTIONS

Lines that are connected to a main line or header, including instrument connections,
vents and drains are considered branch lines and branch connections, therefore they
must be made in accordance with Branch Connection Tables included in the Piping
Materials Specification 0000-000-400-002. All Stub-Ins must meet the requirements of
ASME B3 l .3, and where applicable, ASME B3 I. l.

All welded branch connections shall be joined to the header with full penetration weld,
Oblique connections at 45 ° if applicable shall be prefabricated in the shop; site
fabrication of such connections is not accepted.
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For pressure Ratings ASME classes 600 and higher, all reducing outlets shall be
weldolets, reinforced stub in, or sockolets. Tees must be used for Equal size to size
branches.

When field welds occur at Stub-Ins to random pipe headers, the end of the spool is to
be contoured and ready for welding. If a reinforcement fitting is required, it shall be
included in the spool, see Figure "3".

Material for pad reinforcement is to be the same composition as the base material of
the pipe. When services require impact tested pipe, the pad reinforcement material
must also be impact tested.

Each pad or piece(s) must have a 6 mm (1/4 inch) vent hole provided at the side of the
pad. Inspection and repairs of the completed pressure weld must be made before
adding reinforcing pads. Pa1ticular attention is to be given to ensure a root gap at
branch connection welds with weldolets, sockolets, and threadolets as recommended
by the Manufacturer's installation procedures. This is necessary to ensure adequacy of
weld reinforcement at the joint between the fitting and pipe. Reinforced branch welds
shall be inspected with dye penetrant test, p1ior to setting of the reinforcement collar.

Weld details of reinforcement shall be in accordance with ASME B3 l.3 Para. 304.3.3,
unless specifically modified by other piping drawings.

9.3.12 PIPE BRANCH CONNECTIONS IN HIGHLY CYCLIC SERVICE

Welded branch connections in highly cyclic service requiring the weld quality
assurance in accordance with Paragraph 319.4.5 of ASME B31.3, and shall be made as
follows:

When the material class indicates a socketweld size range, or when the size is in the
buttwcld size range and where branch-to-header ratio is 50 percent or less, the branch
connection shall be made as described in Pipe Branch Connection above.
When the material class indicates the size is in the buttweld size range and when
branch-to-header ratio is greater than 50 percent, the branch connection shall be made
with buttwelding reducing tees.

9.3.13 SUPPORTS

Locations and types of supports are shown on the ptpmg isometric and general
arrangement drawings. When attached to the line, they shall be fabricated as part of the
pipe spool. Refer to the Piping Standard Support Details.

Horizontal heat insulated lines are normally set on shoe with 100 mm high minimum at
supporting points.

Random piping must have supports centered on the supporting beams unless otherwise
noted or dimensioned on the drawings.
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9.3.14 FLARE-LESS AND COMPRESSION TUBING JOINTS

This shall be used for chemical injection and similar services. Tube turns shall be used,
wherever possible to substitute elbows. Supports locations and materials shall be part
of construction Contractor scope. Care shall be taken to avoid damage of the tubes
dming bending and supporting.

9.3.15 CLEANING

After fabrication and heat treatment, pipe cleaning is to be accomplished by removing

all loose foreign material such as sand, scale, weld splatter, and cutting chips from the
inside and the outside of the pipe spool using any suitable mean.

Clean each spool inside and outside by blowing with compressed air.

Visually inspect pipe spool for cleanliness before storing and erecting.

Additional Cleaning shall be performed in accordance to the following Specifications:

0

0000-000-400-026 Mechanical Cleaning of Piping

0000-000-400-0 I 2 Chemical Cleaning of Piping

However; it is worth to mention that either chemical or mechanical cleaning shall be

done perfmmed after the pressure testing of the piping as per the Specification 0000-
000-400-006 requirements.

All butt welds in mechanically cleaned or chemically cleaned spools shall be made
using the GTAW process for the root pass.

10.0 MATERIALS MARKING

Any marking, such as pipe spool numbering, shall be made using paint or ink containing no
harmful metal, metal salts, or Harmful chemicals including zinc, lead, copper, chlorides,
sulfur, or any other ingredient which upon heating corrodes the base metal.

The Contractor shall submit a list of his proposed marking paints or inks to Customer
Representative for review and approval.

10.1 UTILITY STATION MARKING

Each utility line shall have a service name plate in Arabic and English indicating the service.

The utility pipe a'ld the ends of hoses provided with the station shall be color coded as
follows; unless otherwise specified:

Water with Blue - White Stripe

Air with Green/ Gray Stripe

SPECIFICATION PAGE 16 OF 40
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Steam with White Stripe

Nitrogen with Green I Orange Stripe.

11.0 PIPING IDENTIFICATION AND COLOR CODING

A color code is required to identify the various grades and types of all piping stored by the
field in random lengths and also to identify fittings and flanges, the color coding for various
materials are tabulated in Appendix "l ".

12.0 PIPE SPOOLS

The word pipe spool, as used in this specification, is a unit of shop fabricated piping
consisting of pipe, fittings, flanges, and other components integral to the assembly.

Straight runs of piping indicated as random piping are not pipe spools.

These straight runs are installed by the field crews in random lengths.

The extent of pipe spools shall have the same requirements as defined above in the extent of
fabrication.

12.1 PIPE SPOOL NUMBERS

Fabricator shall indicate the spool numbers adjacent to the pipe spool they identify. These
numbers are shown enclosed by a rectangle.

The pipe spool number is a composite of unit number, erection area designation, erection
step, and piece number. Piece numbers are consecutively assigned in the direction of flow.
Continuous lines which pass through more than one erection area are given spool numbers
corresponding to each erection area.

A typical pipe spool number is shown below.

Unit Number Piece Number

.Erection Area �--- Erection Step

12.2 PIPE SPOOL lWARKING

The Fabricator shall mark all pipe spools with their line number and pipe spools numbers.
Stencil or paint the spool number on each pipe spool with waterproof paint in figures not less
than 20 mm (3/4 inch) high as per Figures "2" & "3".
SPECIFICATION
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Spools which arc too small to have a painted spool number shall be marked by painting or
low stress dies stamping of the spool number on an aluminum tag securely wired to the
spool.

Painted numbers must be located, and repeated as necessary, in such a manner that any spool
may be easily identified without turning or lifting it

In addition to paint marking, the spool number shall be low stress die stamped or electro
etched on the circumferential surface of at least one flange, or on the pipe 300 mm from a
butt-weld end. The marking must conform to the Pipe fabrication Institute Standard ES-11,
latest issue, (Pe1manent Marking on Piping Materials).

Thin wall pipe shall not be die stamped. Use low stress die stamps on alloy spools. Die
stamping of spools requi1ing heat treatment is to be completed before heat treating.

Marking of austenitic stainless steels and non-ferrous alloys must be with an aluminum tag
strapped or wired to the fitting, valve, or pipe spool.

13.0 PAINTING

Unless otherwise specified, Shop painting of pipe spools, shall be performed in accordance
with the requirements of Surface Preparation and Painting Specification No. 0000-000-100-
020. All field fabricated items and all field run piping shall be primed in the field prior to
erection. A clearance of 50- I 00 mm from the weld edges shall be left unprimed. After
passing all inspection tests of the welded spools, the weld areas shall be smoothed and
cleaned then primed. Afterwards, the full painting system shall be applied according to the
item data sheet.

14.0 WELDING

14.1 GENERAL

In addition to the governing code all welding processes and details must conform to the
Specification for Welding of Equipment and Piping 0000-000-100-076 unless otherwise
noted.

Piping Isometric Drawings show the locations of any field welds required between spool
pieces.

Where FW and FFWs are detailed on the isometric drawings, the Contractor shall provide a
minimum of 150 mm extra length over the dimension nominated on the applicable isometric
drawing. The end of the pipe where the allowance is added shall be left plain.

Longitudinal seams in adjoining lengths of welded pipe must be staggered and located so
that they do not intersect with openings and external attachment.

In fitting up, prior to welding, spacers shall be used so that a proper gap is made for the
weld. Spacers shall be removed prior to the commencement of welding.
SPECIFICATION PAGE 18 OF 40
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METALLIC PIPING FABRICATION AND ERECTION
REV. 2

Where the closing dimensions at the beginning or end of a line are unknown at the time that
drawings are issued for construction the symbol "FFW" (Field Fit-up Weld) is written below
the tentative dimension. When this occurs the Fabricator is to detail and furnish the spool in
such a manner that the field forces can trim excess pipe and make final closing welds

14.2 COMPRESSOR SUCTION AND LUBE OIL PIPING WELDING

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding "GTAW" process shall be used for the root pass of all butt welds
in compressor suction and lube oil piping, accessible from one side only

An internal purge must be used for the root pass and second layer when welding with 2 1/4
Cr 1 Mo and higher alloy filler materials and on autogenously welds. For austenitic steels, a
Nitrogen purge may be used instead of Argon.

14.3 JOINT PREPARATION

Pipe end preparation is to meet the requirements of the applicable code.

The end preparation of weld neck flanges, pipe fittings, and any other piping components,
including valves butt-welded into the piping system must be in accordance with ASME
B 16.25/API SL with consideration that Permanent backing rings are not to be used.

The use of bridge pieces in temporary tack welding is recommended to avoid damage to the
root face of the gap area. Temporary backing rings, if used, must have the same chemical
composition as the parts being welded.

The inside contour of all components, excluding valves, are not to follow its natural
geurndry, but bt iaper, of voniour bore<l ai a slope nol excee<ling 30 degrees within ihe
tolerance specified. This trimming must not result in a piping component wall thickness less
than minimum design thickness.

14.4 WELDED CONNECTIONS

Welds must be full penetration. Limitations in ASME B.31.3 and weld reinforcement apply
to internal as well as external surfaces.

Welds must be free from projections beyond permitted reinforcement

Socket welds must have a gap of approx. 1.5 mm (1/16 inch) minimum to 3 mm (1/8 inch)
maximum between the bottom of the socket and the end of the pipe prior to welding.

All butt welds shall be full penetration welds made using at least two passes. No pass shall
be commenced until the preceding pass has been completed. Weld passes shall not start or
stop at the same point. Wclding shall not be stopped before the second pass is completed,
and until the thickness of the weld is at least equal to one third of the pipe wall thickness.

Where possible, butt welds may be made from both sides, in accordance with approved
welding Procedures. In that case, the back side of the root pass shall be ground or gouged­
out to sound Metal before welding on that side.
SPECIFICATION PAGE 19 OF 40
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METALLIC PIPING FABRICATION AND ERECTION
REV. 2

Welds joining components of different material thickness shall be made in such a manner
that the slope through the transition zone shall not exceed 1 :4.

14.5 PREHEAT

Preheat temperature must be in accordance with the applicable requirements of ASME B31.3
with the exception of recommended minimum preheat temperatures considered mandatory in
this specification.

Preheat requirements will also apply to tack welding and welding of temporary attachments.
The above preheat requirements shall also apply to all thermal gouging and cutting
operations except for P-1 steels.

Materials not covered by the code, the preheating shall be as specified m Welding
Specification 0000-000-100-076 Joint Preparation.

14.6 WELDING ELECTRODES

Welding materials must be selected such that when welding similar metals the deposited
weld metal shall match the chemistry and physical properties of the base metal as closely as
possible i.e. must not be significantly harder or stronger than the base metal. Weld deposits
for dissimilar pressure metal joints of ferritic materials must match the strength of the lower
P number material (lower alloy content). This rule is superseded in the case of welding non­
pressure parts (having low alloy content) to pressure parts (having high alloying content) use
filler metal matches the pressure parts material.

All Shielded Metal Arc Welding "SMAW" is to be performed using low hydrogen type
electrodes if any of the following conditions apply:

A. Steels having a specified carbon content above 0.30 percent or with steels having a specified
tensile strength above 70,000 psi or SMAW weld repair offerritic steel castings.
B. For P 1 and P 3 steel piping materials requiring the use of low hydrogen electrodes, the root
pass only may be welded with E6010 and E7010 Al electrodes respectively.
C. If the base material has been impact tested.

14.7 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT {PWHT)

Post weld heat treatment shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3

The parts heated must be brought uniformly to the required temperature and held at that
temperature for the time specified in the applicable code and in accordance with the
following:

Pads and other attachments shall be welded to the line before heat treatment.

If field welds near or adjacent to valves are heat treated, precautions must be taken to ensure
that the valve is not over heated.

Welds that are post weld heat treated shall be subject to hardness testing after heat treatment.
SPECIFICATION PAGE20 OF40
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METALLIC PIPING FABRICATION-AND ERECTION
REV. 2

Cold bending of post weld heat treated pipe in order to correct minor deviations in dimensions
must be prior approved by Customer, unless post weld heat treatment is repeated.

For P-6 materials, the PWHT temperature used is not to exceed 788 °C (1450 °F).

Stress relieving of welds connecting 347 or 321 stainless steel valves to any type of stainless
steel pipe is not permitted.

The specified PWHT shall be applied over an area extending at least 3 times the thickness of
the material being welded from each edge of the weld but not less than 25 mm from each edge
of the weld, whichever is greater.

For applications where PWHT is required by the service fluid or where hardness limits are
specified:

A. Any reductions in the PWHT temperature or alternative temperatures below the normal
holding temperatures listed in B3 l .3 arc not permitted.
B. The minimum PWHT soak time shall be I hour.

When welds are locally heat treated, the pipe shall be adequately supported and the ends shall
be blanked off.

Contractor shall prepare time temperature cycle charts for post weld heat treatment cycles
used during pipe erection. Charts are to identify the line, pipe spool and weld numbers
involved. The complete temperature cycle of heating, soaking, and cooling is to be shown,
together with the Brinell Hardness of each weld measured after post weld heat treatment.

Post weld Heat Treatment procedures describing cleaning requirements, heating and cooling
rates, thermocouple locations, type of heating, equipment, etc. shall be submitted for
Customer review and approval before proceeding.

14.8 WELDING QUALITY CONTROL

Contractor must initiate and keep Welding Qnality Control procedure/records to cover
radiography interpretation, rejection rates, repairs, and welder's control log.

The requirements for Qnality Control shall be as follows:

All welds shall have a workmanlike finish to satisfy the requirements of the applicable code
and/or the intended application.

Reinforcement of butt welds shall be in accordance with the requirements of the applicable
code.

Weld repairs shall comply with the reqniremcnts of the applicable code, including preheat
requirements or recommendations, post weld heat treatment requirements and non-destructive
examination.
SPECIFICATION PAGE 21 OF 40
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REV. 2

For pressure-containing items, all required repairs of base metal shall be reported to customer
for review and approval, prior to making the repair.

15.0 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

15.1 GENERAL

Non-destructive examination procedures, techniques, and defect evaluation shall conform to the
requirements of the applicable Code or ASME B3 l .3, and as supplemented by that specified in
Appendix "3".

Inspection as defined by ASME ANSI B3 l .3 will be performed by the Construction Contractor /

Customer Inspector.

Customer's Inspector shall be allowed to check materials or fabrication at any time. The
examiners or inspectors are empowered to test repair or replace any material or work not in
accordance with this specification, applicable codes, or the applicable ASTM and API material
specifications.

The work of all welders and welding operators or combinations thereof for each P-number shall
be included in radiography. Sufficient coverage on random or spot radiography shall also include
the welding process(es) used by each welder or welding operator.

Final inspection of Welds shall be made after PWHT is performed.

Where inspection reveals a failure to meet design or code requirements the Fabricator must make
such repairs as arc necessary to meet the design or code requirements.

All costs incurred in repairing defective or rejected work and all consequential heat treatment
and additional examination costs are to be borne by the Fabricator.

The Customer Inspector may reject any material, procedure or work which, in his opinion alone,
fails to meet the requirements of applicable codes, specifications, procedures, drawings or
contract.

15.2 EXTENT OF INSPECTION

All piping must be 100 % visually examined in accordance with Para 344.2 of ASME B31.3.

All other NDT techniques shall be as per Appendix 3 of this specification

The extent of examination is considered sufficient if qualified welding inspectors with a defined
span of control are actively present on the worksites and if independent audits are carried out by
the Contractor.

15.3 VISUAL EXAMINATION OF BRANCH CONNECTIONS

Branch-to-run pipe welds of branch fittings or outlets or of pipe-to-pipe connections shall be

visually examined for proper geometry, branch fit-up and weld penetration. The examinations
shall be recorded for each branch connection.
SPECIFICATION
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REV. 2

15.4 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION (RT)

Radiographic Examination (RT) shall be carried out, where required with frequency as per
Appendix 3, in accordance with Para. 344.5 ofASMEB31.3.

15.5 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION (UT)

Ultrasonic examination (UT) may replace radiography in accordance with ASME B3 l.3,
para. 341.4.1. subject to Customer approval

Ifultrasonic examination is applied, automated computer enhanced data acquisition shall be used
to obtain a permanent record of the full weld to demonstrate the absence, or not, of linear type
discontinuities with amplitudes exceeding the reference level.

Ultrasonic examination is limited by the local geometry near the welds. The use of ultrasonic
examination shall not affect the random and independent selection ofthe welds for examination.

15.6 DYE PENETRANT (PT) OR MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION (MT)

Magnetic Particle and Dye Penetrant Examination shall be carried out, where required with
frequency as per Appendix 3, in accordance with Para. 344.3 and Para. 344.4 respectively of
ASMEB31.3.

Note that this only includes the following:

A. Branch-to-run pipe welds ofbranch connections.

B. Fillet welds of support clips, shoes, bracings and attachments.

The selected welds shall be fully examined.

Dye Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Examination of welds shall include all accessible weld
surfaces and a band ofbase metal at least 10 mm wide on each side ofthe weld.

Dye Penetrant materials shall meet the requirements for sulphur and halogen content of
ASME V, Article 6, Paragraph T-644, regardless ofthe type ofmaterial to be examined.

Contour grinding of welds on the outside surface shall be performed to the extent that clarity of
the Dye Penetrant or Magnetic Particle Examination is maintained.

15.7 HARDNESS TEST

Hardness test of welds shall be made in accordance with Para. 331.1.7 of ASME B31.3 and
to the requirements ofTable 331.1.1 of that code except that the hardness ofwelds in carbon
steel shall not exceed 200 BHN with or without PWHT.

When NACE code is applicable and/or PWHT is required, all welds and heat affected zones
will be hardness tested. Whenever the average hardness reading exceeds the acceptable limit
for a certain weld, PWHT will be performed or repeated, Hardness limits for piping shall be
as perNACEMR0175/ISO 15156.
SPECIFICATION
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Where hardness limits are prescribed in the Job specification for welding equipment, weld
metal and heat affected zone, hardness limits shall not be exceeded.

When welding dissimilar metals, the maximum hardness allowed shall be the hardness
prescribed for the high alloy.

16.0 INSPECTION RECORDS AND REPORTS

The following records, fully identified with the specific material or part of the p1pmg
represented, must be available for reference or examination by the Authorized Inspector.

Certificates at testing indicating that all the quality control requirements of applicable code (s)
and engineering design have been met.

Pyrometer charts and records of heat treatment.

Radiographic films.

Results of magnetic particle and liquid penetrate examinations.

Charts or other records of hydrostatic, pneumatic and hardness tests.

Results of additional types of examination test or analysis specified.

Welding procedures qualification test results.

Operator's welding qualification test results.

Upon job completion, they must be collected, indexed and bound, and forwarded to the
Customer Representative.

17.0 PROTECTION

The closures, installed on pipe spools fabricated in the shop and shipped to the field, must
not be removed until the spool is ready for installation.

Closures damaged in transit from the shop spool fabricator must be repaired by the field
upon receipt of the spool. Interior of spools must be examined for di1t, moisture, or foreign
material. If any found, it must be removed.

Flanges are to be checked upon receipt to ensure adequate facing protection.

Field fabrication spools shall be examined and protected for storage in the following manner:

A. All end connections, including branch openings shall be protected with plastic sheet
wired or taped securely to the spool to prevent ingress of dirt or moisture to the spool.
B. Threaded connections are to be fitted with a line class pipe plug or covered with a
plastic. Sheet securely wired or taped to the spool.
SPECIFICATION
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C. Socketweld connections shall be fitted with taped polyethylene plugs or plastic sheet
securely wired or taped to the spool.
D. Flanged connection, flange facing shall be protected with plastic sheet wired or taped
securely to the flange to protect its facing from damage.
E. In order to minimize the possibility of stress cracking, all stainless steel valves, spools,
pipes, and components shall be stored out off contact with the ground. Closures shall be
examined to ensure moisture cannot enter this material.
F. The Construction contractor shall be responsible to adhere to the above requirements.
G. For machined surfaces, Coat with a grease-type rust preventive and provide securely
fastened wooden or metal covers.
H. Ring type joint flanges must have groove packed with grease prior to attaching flange
protective covers.

18.0 ERECTION

18.1 PIPING

Straight run pipe shall not be pulled through the pipe racks.

All piping shall be installed in accordance with the P&ID'S, Line Designation Table, the Piping
General Arrangement Drawings, the Isometric Drawings, and the Piping Materials Specification.

The slope of the piping shall be checked to ensure that continuous falls are achieved in
accordance with the design. The slope shall be as shown in the P&ID'S, or a minimum of 1 :200
where solids may be in solution.

All pipe work, valves, and piping specialty items shall be inspected before installation to ensure
that protective packing, covers, wrapping and internal protective material, such as silica gel bags,
etc, are removed.

The Contractor shall use tempora1y supports where necessary, during assembly of the piping
system/s, to ensure that no unacceptable stress or deformation occurs in the piping and connected
equipment as a consequence of the cantilever effect of unsupported weight distribution. Special
operations such as balancing shall be completed under instructions submitted by the Contractor
and approved by the Customer.

Protective covers attached to piping and equipment shall not be removed until immediately prior
to installation.

Any material soiled or damaged in the execution of the work shall be thoroughly cleaned,
repaired or replaced. Pipe internals shall be free from mill scale, dirt and foreign material when
installation is completed.

When a work period stops before completion of all installation work scope, any open pipe ends
shall be protected with securely closed, tight fitting covers.
SPECIFICATION
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Passageways, access ways, manholes, clean-outs, inspection points and reserved spaces shall be
kept unobstructed from piping and pipe fittings.

Where field run piping is to be installed, site measurements shall be taken to maximize local
shop fabiication. Field fit-ups and field welds shall only be undertaken where necessa1y (closing
spools, etc).

18.2 VALVES

18.2.1 GENERAL

All valves shall be accessible for operation from floors or regular operating platforms
wherever possible. Valve hand wheels, levers and wrenches requiiing manual operation
shall be in a safe location and shall not obstruct the access and clearances in any operating
position.

Extension stems and chain wheels shall be installed where indicated on the Piping
Drawings or at inaccessible locations. Variations from this shall only be undertaken with
prior written approval from the Customer.

Valves shall be installed with stems oriented as indicated on Piping Drawings. Valve stems
in hot lines shall not be inclined below the horizontal position. Valve extension stems on
hot lines shall have provision for the expansion movement of the lines by the use of
universal joints, or equivalent.

Valves should not be installed with stems below the horizontal position.

For horizontal piping runs, split disc wafer-type check valves shall be installed with the
hinge pin/ shaft in the vertical position.

Globe and check valves shall be installed in accordance with the Supplier's instructions
and with the flow indicator on the valve correctly orientated with the fluid flow direction.

18.2.2 SOFTSEATVALVES

Lines requiring soft seat valves must be thoroughly cleaned, flushed, and drained before
the soft seal valves are installed. Hydro-test for these lines may be conducted at this time,
and the soft seat valves shall be installed after hydro-test.

Soft seated ball valves with butt welding, socket welding, or threaded ends requiring seal
welds, shall be specified with extended body in order to prevent damage of internals. If not
so specified, internals shall be removed before welding, and then re-installed after erection.
Don't replace the internals until the valve has cooled to ambient temperature.
SPECIFICATION
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REV. 2

18.2.3 BUTTERFLY VALVES

Ensure that the interior of mating pipe and flanges are free of any obstrnctions before
installing the valves. The mating flanges at resilient seat butterfly shall be sufficiently
separated for ease of installation. Valves shall not be wedged or forced into position to
avoid damage to the resilient surfaces. Butterfly valves shall be installed with the disk set
in the open position prior to tightening bolts. Check operation of the valve after bolt
tightening by operating through a complete open and closed cycle to ensure that the disk
has not been jammed during installation.

18.3 PIPING CONNECTIONS TO EQUIPMENT

All closing dimensions to equipment shall be checked and field adjustments made as necessary
to assemble pipe work.

Pump and compressor piping shall be installed up to a break point between the nearest pipe
support and the equipment. The remainder of the piping shall be properly fitted between the
equipment nozzle and this break point. It is essential that this has to be done accurately to avoid
the introduction of external loading on the equipment connections which has not been designed
into the system.

Before tightening of bolting to equipment flanges, flanges shall be checked for concentricity and
parallel alignment to the equipment mating flanges. Maximum allowable installation tolerances
(linear and angular), as specified by the Manufacturer or nominated on drawings shall not be
exceeded at any stage of installation.

Cold springing or forcing of piping for the purpose of joint make-up is not permitted. Piping
shall not be distorted for the purpose of alignment for joint assembly.

When connecting pipe work to equipment the Contractor shall ensure that the Supplier's
instrnctions are carefully observed as to removal of any external and internal protective covers
and that the openings are clean and free from obstrnction and foreign matter.

18.3.1 COMPRESSOR AND EQUIPMENT PIPING - FIELD WELDS

During erection special control is required for the root pass of all field welds in
compressor suction piping or other equipment piping to meet the cleaning
requirements. Such root passes must be made using the GT AW process.

18.4 FLANGES, GASKETS AND BOLTING

As detailed in this specification flange gasket surfaces should be protected by cmrnsion resistant
coatings and suitable end covers that can be easily removed in the field.

Prior to erection the flange faces shall be cleaned of the protective coating on the gasket contact
smfaces. When valves are FBE coated the coating shall not extend over the sealing surfaces.
Flange faces shall be checked for mechanical or corrosion damage, with damage repaired prior to
connection.
SPECIFICATION
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REV. 2

Flanged joints shall be installed and supported so that accurate matching of bolt holes and
uniform contact over the entire gasket surface area is obtained prior to the tightening of any
flanges. For non-critical lines (Identified on the LDT), flanges shall be fitted within 5 mm per
1000 mm across diameter centerlines prior to tightening the bolting. The maximum
misalignment of flange bolt holes shall be 3 mm. For critical field-fit lines, no misalignment
shall exist between flanges prior to tightening the bolts. Fabrication and installation tolerances
shall be in accordance with Appendix "2" and PFI ES3.

Bring all flanged joints up flush and square so that the entire flange face bears uniformly on the
gasket, and then take up with uniform bolt tension. In bolting joints with spiral wound gaskets,
the gasket shall be compressed until the raised faces of the flanges uniformly contact the
compression gauge ring.

Flange bolts shall be tightened evenly and diametrically opposite to impose even pressure on the
gasket and to avoid dist01tion or overstressing of equipment. After tightening using a calibrated
torque wrench, each bolt shall be marked with an "X" to indicate these have been tensioned to
the correct torque.

Bolting shall move freely through accompanying bolt-holes at right angles to the flange face.

All flange bolts and studs must be of a length shown in ASME Bl6.5. Ensure that nuts are fully
engaged and the bolt projection beyond the nut docs not exceed the greater of 6 mm or two full
threads. Prior to installation, stud bolts, must be checked for proper grade marking. Studs not
stamped with ASTM material grade shall be rejected.

Steel to cast iron flanged joints shall be made with flat face steel flanges and full face
gaskets. Flanges up flush and square with the gasket, and then uniformly take up on the
bolts. This is necessary to avoid breakage of cast iron equipment flanges.

When hydraulic tensioning equipment is used the bolt length beyond the nut shall be sized to suit
the fitrnent tolerance of the tensioner attachment.

Where flanged pipe spools are to be site welded, flanged connections shall be made using a
construction gasket before welding to ensure that there is no misalignment.

Immediately before joining, matching surfaces shall be wiped clean to remove di1t and to prepare
the surfaces for joining.

Bolts shall be clean, free of rust and in new condition. Bolt types and materials shall be as per the
Piping Materials Specification. Prior to flange joint assembly, bolts threads shall be lubricated
with an approved anti-seize thread compound.

Installed gaskets shall be the correct specified gasket as per the Piping Materials Specification.
Gaskets shall be installed in their correct position centrally on the flange gasket seating surfaces.
Gaskets shall not protrude inside the pipe bore.

Gaskets shall not be reused. If a flanged joint must be opened for system pressure testing, line
flushing, removal of temporary blinds or strainers, etc the joint shall be re-made with new
gaskets and with the bolt lubricant replenished.
SPECIFICATION PAGE 28 OF40
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METALLIC PIPING FABRICATION AND ERECTION
REV. 2

No sealing compounds shall be applied to gaskets or flanged faces.

18.5 FLANGED OR BUTT WELDED EQUIPMENT CONNECTION

The flange cover must be kept on flanged connections to pumps, compressors turbines, and
similar equipment nntil ready for connection. Piping connections to pumps, turbines,
compressors etc. must be fitted up in parallel and lateral ali gnment, prior to tightening bolts
or welding joints. Such installations must be approved by the inspector prior to tightening
the bolts.

Carbon steel piping that has not required post weld heat treatment may be heated for minor
corrections in fit. The temperature shall not exceed 649 degree C (1200 degrees F). Cooling
of the pipe shall not be accelerated by the application of water. The inspector shall be
notified when heating for fit up is required.

18.6 RESTRICTIONS

Restrictions interfering with filling, venting, draining, or flushing must not be installed until
completion of pressure test and line flushing operations. These includes orifice plates, flow
nozzles, ventures, Rota meters, PD meters, turbine meters, magnetic meters, strainer screens,
and similar in line equipment.

18.7 TEMPORARY GASKETS

Gaskets shall be protected from damage until final installation is complete. If tempora1y
make up with special gaskets joints is required in piping systems the joint shall be made with
a less expensive sheet gasket with the special gasket used for the final installation.

18.8 INSULATING FLANGE KITS

Where insulating flange kits are to be installed, care shall be taken not to damage the bolt sleeves
and gasket

Caution: Welding grounds or 'shunts' shall not be installed across isolation flanges.

18.9 ORIFICE FLANGES

Orifice flanges shall be installed as shown in Standard Drawing - Orifice Flange Details with
45 ° I 90 ° Taps.

Prior to alignment and fit-up of orifice flange joints, the inside bore of each side of the flanged
joint shall be checked to ensure that the flange butt weld has been ground smooth.

18.l0PIPE THREADS

Threaded joints shall only be used where specified in the Piping Matetials Specification. All pipe
threads shall be NPT type in accordance with ASME B 1.20.1
SPECIFICATION PAGE29 OF40
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METALLIC PIPING FABRICATION AND ERECTION
REV. 2

Pipe work connecting to equipment (e.g. pumps, compressors), where routine serv1cmg or
replacement by a standby unit necessitates disconnection of the pipe, shall have adequate unions
included in threaded assemblies to permit easy assembly and dismantling without the need for
rotation of long pipe legs.

Thread joint sealant shall be applied to the male ends only and in a manner that will prevent the
compound from reaching the interior of the pipe. Manufacturer's instructions shall be followed.

Unless otherwise specified, thread joint sealant shall be PTFE tape.

Unless otherwise specified, PTFE tape shall not be used in instrument air piping.

Unless othe1wise specified, no threaded joints shall be seal welded.

If seal welds are specified, threads shall be free of dirt, grease, and thread compounds.

18.llSEAL WELDING

Where seal welding of threaded joints is required, the joints shall be made up without the
application of thread lubricant and threads thoroughly cleaned from grease and oil. Seal welds
shall cover exposed threads completely.

All seal welding of threaded joints shall be approved by the Customer.

18.12PIPING THROUGH FLOOR/WALL PLATE AND GRATING

Where grating or plate is cut to allow for the installation of piping, the hole shall be fitted with a
steel band welded in place. When the hole is cut in floor plate, the band shall be secured in place
with a continuous fillet weld. For grating, the band shall be secured by welding to at least every
third grating strand.

Piping penetrations cut in grating or plate shall have adequate clearance to accommodate thermal
expansion. Circumferential weld seams shall be located so as to avoid openings wherever
possible.

18.13 INTERFERENCES

Modifications to pipe routing may be necessary to avoid interferences. Such modifications shall
be determined by the Contractor and accepted by the Customer prior to implementation provided
the change does not affect the design intent (e.g. does not add pockets to steam lines or sloped
free draining lines etc.). All modifications shall be reflected on "as built" drawings prepared by
the Contractor for the Customer. At the end of the construction phase, one set of these drawings
shall be formally transmitted to the Customer.
SPECIFICATION
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18.14PIPE SUPPORTS

Piping shall be supported as indicated on the Isometric Drawings and according to the Standard /
Special Pipe Support Drawings. When temporary supports other than those shown on these
drawings arc required to facilitate installation, these shall be of the removable type and shall be
indicated in such a way not to transfer detrimental reactions/loads to piping, structural members,
or equipment. Welding to pipe and/or piping supports as a tempormy support measure during
installation is not permitted.

Suppo1ts, where attached to concrete, shall be grouted with non-shrink grout 20 - 50 mm.

Temporary suppmts shall be completely removed upon completion of testing and prior to
commissioning.

Where pipe support attachments are to be permanently welded to the pipe work, the welding
shall be in accordance with the Welding Specification 0000-000-100-076.

Where piping is suppmted using spring supports the locking pins shall be in place during
installation and hydrostatic testing of the piping system. Locking pins/stops shall be removed
prior to system start up.

Spring supports shall be installed to ensure that the identification, load and travel scales are
readily visible. All threaded parts shall be fully engaged, and locking nuts tightened.

Variable load and constant load hangers (where permitted) shall be locked during the installation
and assembly of the piping unless otherwise specified in the design instructions.

If supports arc unlocked for specially controlled operations such as balancing, they shall be
relocked prior to any hydrostatic pressure tests and chemical cleaning. The Contractor shall
ensure that the load setting of spring supports is pre-set to the design requirements. If adjustment
of the load is required, the Contractor shall ensure adjustment does not prevent or reduce the
anticipated support travel.

Support for pipes larger than 2 inch shall not be located more than one pipe diameter from the
specified position on the piping drawings. Where necessary, the fixing of the support to the
structure shall be adjusted to ensure that the orientation (direction, angle, etc) of the support is in
accordance with the specified limits.

18.lSCOLD SPRING

Cold springing shall be permitted only when specified and shown on the drawings.

If cold spring is specified, an examination shall be made of supports and restraints for conditions
that can either prevent desired movement or cause undesired movement. Potential problems shall
be reported to the Customer.

If the cold spring gap or overlap is not as specified, the piping shall be refabricated.
SPECIFICATION PAGE31 OF40
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18.16EXPANSION BELLOWS

The expansion bellows shall be used only where deemed necessary by stress engineer.

When used, only the pack less type of expansion bellows will be considered.

Where expansion bellows are furnished, they shall adequately satisfy the following design
conditions:

Axial deflection.

Transverse deflection.

Angular rotation.

Design pressure-temperature of the system.

Test pressure

Before the installation of an expansion bellows unit, the pipework layout and pipe supports shall
be checked to ensure that they are installed in accordance with the design drawings.

The location where the expansion bellows will be installed shall be examined to verify that the
opening does not exceed the installation tolerances designated by the Manufacturer.

Expansion bellows shall not be installed where piping misalignment exceeds the design
tolerances; piping alignment shall be rectified prior to installation.

It is good practice not to tighten the bellows to pipe flanges at either end completely until the
pipework is fully assembled and aligned as per the isometric drawing.

Bolt holes of the pipe flanges mating with the expansion bellows shall be as per the orientations
shown on isometric drawings and within design tolerances. Should mating flanges not be aligned
within the tolerances, these shall be rectified prior to installation. The bellows shall not be forced
to match the bolt holes in the mating flanges.

When an expansion bellows is provided with tie rods these tie rods shall be aligned in the
(angular) direction shown on installation drawings.

Expansion bellows shall be protected from damage (caused by falling objects, sharp objects,
weld spatter, arc strikes etc).

Expansion bellows provided with lifting lugs shall only be lifted by the lifting lugs.

Shipping bars installed on expansion bellows to maintain length during shipment shall not be
removed uutil installation is complete.

When a flow liner is installed in the expansion bellows the unit shall be orientated so the flow
arrow is pointing in the direction of flow.
SPECIFICATION PAGE32 OF40
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REV. 2

All bellows exposed to direct sunlight during operation shall have UV protection covers
installed. UV protection covers shall be supplied by the bellows Manufacturer to ensure no
interference with the operation of the bellows.
 SPECIFICATION
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REV. 2

APPENDIX 1.0: COLOR CODING

s Pll'ECOMP. MATERIAL STRIPE COLOR

I PIPE AP! SL-B DOUBLE YELLOW/WHITE

2 " AP! SL ALL OTHER

SINGLE PER CODE
GRADES
3 " ASTM A53 ORB NONE
4 " ASTM A106 ORB NONE
5 " ASTM A333 GR6 SINGLE GREEN
6 " ASTM A335 ORS " LIGHT BLUE
7 " ASTM A335 GR9 " BLUE
8 " ASTM A335 GRll YELLOW
9 " ASTM A312 TPL316L NONE
10 " ASTM A790 S31803 NONE
II FORGED FITTINGS ASTM Al05 NONE
12 " ASTM AI0S -NACE SINGLE RED
13 " ASTM Al82 FS " LIGHT BLUE
14 " ASTM Al82 F9 " BLUE
15 " ASTM Al82 Fl1 YELLOW
16 " ASTM A350 LF2 " GREEN
17 " ASTM Al82 F316L NONE
18 " ASTM Al82 F51 NONE
19 BW. FITTINGS ASTM A234 WPB NONE
20 " ASTM A234 WPB -NACE SINGLE RED
21 " ASTM A234 WPS " LIGHT BLUE
22 " ASTM A234 WP9 " BLUE
23 " ASTM A234 WP!! YELLOW
24 " ASTM A240 WPL6 " GREEN
25 " ASTM A403 WP316L NONE
26 " ASTM A815 S31803 NONE
(;' 27 FLANGES ASTM Al05 NONE
"'e 28 ASTM Al05-NACE SINGLE RED
N 29 " ASTM A182 F5 LIGHT BLUE
30 " ASTM Al82 F9 " BLUE
31 " ASTM A182 Fl1 " YELLOW
�
32 " ASTM A350 LF2 " GREEN
0
0
33 " ASTM Al82 F316L NONE
0
0 34 ASTM A182 F51 NONE
�
0
SPECIFICATION
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APPENDIX 2.0: FABRICATION TOLERANCE

MISALIGN ME ITT AC ROSS

ANY DIAMETER AT WELD
- PREPARATIONS SHALL NOT
EXCEED 2-4mm FOR SMAW
WELDS OR 0,8mm FOR
GTAWWELOS.

r
--·A�"-t-trl-- ± 3.2mm MAX. Off CEITTERUNE

f
ROTATION OF FLANGES FROM
THE INDICATED PDSTION
MEASURED AS SHOWN 1.6mm MAX.

MISALIGNMENT ACROSS ANY

_ 01AMETE.R AT FLANGE FACES
SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.25mm
PER 100mm DIAMETER

Lines tolerance of"A" shall be as follows:

• ± 3.0 mm for sizes 10" & under

• ± 5.0 mm for sizes 12" through 24"
• ± 6.0 mm for sizes 24" through 36"
• for sizes over 36" shall be± 6.0mm increasing by± 2.0mm for each 12" in diameter over
36"
SPECIFICATION PAGE 35 OF 40
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REV. 2

APPENDIX 3.0: NDT REQUIREMENTS

SEVERE
HYDRO-CARBON (LIQUID CRYOGENIC
CYCLIC ALL OTHERS
OR GAS) SERVICE
CONDITIONS

Pressure Class :S 300 600 2: 900 All All :S600 2: 900

10% 20%
Butt Weld (RT) (b) �•) 100% 100% 100% 5% (b) 100%

Socket Weld (MT/PT) 10% 20% 100% 100% (a) None 10%
Pressure Containing
Fillet Weld including
Slip-On Flange Weld 10% 20% 100% 100% 100% 5% 10%
and Pipe Coupling
(MT/PT)

Non Pressure Containing

Fillet weld e.g. Pipe 5% 5% 10% 10% 100% None 5%
Supports, etc.

Notes:

a) Socket Welds are not permitted on Severe Cyclic Conditions.

b) If the weld reject ratio per welder or welding operator exceeds 5%, RT shall be increased to
100% and shall stay at 100% until the reject rate per welder or welding operator drops below
5% and stays there for five consecutive working days.

c) Flare, blowdown and closed drain lines shall be considered as Hydro-Carbon services.
SPECIFICATION PAGE 36 OF 40
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General Notes:

• Radiography shall be of the complete circumference of the girth butt weld

• For Catego1y-D fluid service NDT examination shall not be required.

• fa addition to the above table, the following lines shall be subject to 100% NDT:

• All stainless steels (except type 304 and 316), duplex and nickel alloys.

• Hydrocarbon lines at road crossings (carrier pipe only).

• All Dissimilar Metal welding

• All lines with operating temperature exceed 350°C.

• Fluid handled is toxic or harmful to human beings regardless of the pressure or temperature.

• Random radiography and 100% radiography shall be interpreted in accordance with

requirements of Para 341.4.b and 344.5.2 of ASME B31.3.

• Weld revealed defected by radiography shall be repaired

SPECIFICATION PAGE 37 OF 40
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REV. 2

FIGURE 1. SINGLE STRIP COLOR CODING (FLANGES & FITTINGS)

STENClL M,sRKlNG STENCIL t-.lARKING STENCIL '.1ARKJNG

�
COLOR CODE STRIPE COLOR CODE STRIPE COLOR CODE STRIPE

S'ffiNCIJ.. MARKI),'!, SH!NC!L l.!AI\JcrNG

COLOR CODE STRJl'F.

SPECIFICATION
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FIGURE 2. SINGLE STRIP COLOR CODING (PIPES)

WIDTH OF INTERVAL OF
NPS (INCH)
PIPESX(MM) LJNEY(MM)

1/2-1 3-5 10
1 1/4- 3 5-8 15
3 1/2-6 8-10 25
8 &Over 10- 15 40

/ STENCIL MARKIN()

� COLOR CODE STRIPE

�,, �l
,1 'L_____ COWR CODE STRIPE
SPECIFICATION
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FIGURE 3. SHOP FIELD AND RANDOM PIPING

F s S . R
�I .

S Shop Fabricated.

F Field Installed Material.

R Field Installed Random Lengths.

FW Weld Executed in the Field

SPECIFICATION
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FIGURE 4. MATERIAL CLASS CHANGE