Assignment of pharmacology

Submitted by Laiba shah to Dr .maryum

Sources of Drugs :
Sources of drugs may be natural, synthetic, and biosynthetic. Drugs of plant,
animal, microbiological, marine, mineral, geographical origins constitute the
natural sources. The entire plant, plant parts, secretion, and exudate of plants are
the sources of plant drugs.

Important drugs obtained from plants:

Examples of important drugs obtained from plants are

 Digoxin from Digitalis spp.,

 Quinine and quinidine from Cinchona spp.,
 vincristrine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus,
 Atropine from Atropa belladonna
 and morphine and codeine from Papaver somnifer

 ROOT:
 Aconite obtained from the plantAconitum napellus. It is usedexternally for
neuralgia and arthritis,and internally to relieve fever andpain.

 Licorice obtained from the plant,Glycyrrhiza glabra. It is used as

ademulcent and expectorant and todisguise the flavor of
medicinalpreparations.
 Rhubarb obtained from the plantRheum officinale and R. palmatum. Itis
used as a tonic and laxative and forindigestion.
 BARK Quinine obtained from Chinchonacalisaya, C. officinalis, C.
ledgerianaand C. succccirubra. It is used as theonly adequate cure for
malaria.

 Slippery Elm obtained from Ulmusrubra. It is used for its soothing effect
oninflamed tissues, either in the crudestate or in the form of lozenges.

 LEAVES Belladonna is obtained from Atropabelladonna. Belladonna is

usedexternally to relieve pain and internallyto cure excessive perspiration
andcoughs.

 Cocaine is obtained from Erythroxyloncoca. It is used as a local

anestheticand as a tonic for digestion andtreatment of nervous conditions.
It isaddictive when used habitually.

 Digitalis is obtained from Digitalispurpurea. Its action improves the

toneand rhythm of the heart beats therebymaking contractions more
powerfuland complete.
 Animal source of drug :

ANIMAL SOURCE Obtained from animal Drug Animal are :

 Heparin Leech Insulin Pork pancreas

 Thyroxin Thyroid Vit. B12 Liver extract Cod liver oil Anti toxic sera
Contd.,
Animals Example Trade Name Classification :
 Pancreas of Cow, Insulin; regular, Antidiabetic
 Pancreas of pork Hormone Stomach of Cow, Pepsin Digestive
Hormone Thyroid Gland Thyroid, USP Hormone Of Animals ANIMAL
SOURCE.