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Workshop 7 Step Definition and Loads: Pipe Creep Model: Defining Steps and Specifying Output Requests
Workshop 7 Step Definition and Loads: Pipe Creep Model: Defining Steps and Specifying Output Requests
To define a step:
1. From the Module list located under the toolbar, select Step to enter the Step
module.
2. From the main menu bar, select StepCreate to create an analysis step. In the
Create Step dialog box that appears, name the step Pressure and accept the
General procedure type. From the list of available procedure options, accept
Static, General. Click Continue.
3. In the Edit Step dialog box that appears, enter the following step description:
Apply internal pressure. Accept the default settings, and click OK.
4. From the main menu bar, select StepCreate to create another analysis step.
Insert the new step after the one created earlier. In the Create Step dialog box
that appears, name the step Creep and accept the General procedure type. From
the list of available procedure options, select Visco. Click Continue.
5. In the Edit Step dialog box that appears, enter the following step description:
Transient creep. Set the time period for the step to 4.38E5 hours
(approximately 50 years). Use initial and minimum time increments of 1.0 hour
and a maximum time increment of 4.38E5 hours. Set the tolerance for the
maximum difference in the creep strain increment (CETOL) to 1.0E5 and the
maximum number of increments to 1000.
Since you will use ABAQUS/Viewer to postprocess the results, you must specify the
output data you wish to have written to the output database (.odb) file. Default
history and field output requests are selected automatically by ABAQUS/CAE for
each procedure type. This output is sufficient for the first step (Pressure). For the
second step (Creep), however, we require only the following output:
· The displacements, stresses, and creep strains (written as field data to the output
database file every 2 increments).
W7.2
· The displacements for the point shown in Figure W7–1 (written as history data every
two increments).
set Out
To define a set:
1. From the main menu bar, select ToolsSetCreate. In the Create Set dialog
box, name the set Out and click Continue.
6. Select the point indicated in Figure W7–1.
7. Click Done in the prompt area when the appropriate region is highlighted in the
viewport.
8. On the right side of the dialog box, click Edit to change the field output requests.
In the Edit Field Output Request dialog box that appears:
A. Click the arrow next to Stresses to show the list of available stress output.
Accept the default selection of stress components and invariants.
B. Click the arrow next to Strains to show the list of available strain output.
Toggle off PE, PEEQ, and PEMAG.
C. Toggle off Forces/Reactions and Contact.
D. Accept the default Displacement/Velocity/Acceleration output.
E. Save the output every 2 increments.
F. Click OK.
G. Click Dismiss to close the Field Output Requests Manager.
9. Modify the history output by selecting OutputHistory Output
RequestsManager. In the History Output Requests Manager, select
the cell labeled Created in the column labeled Pressure if it is not already
selected. On the right side of the dialog box, click Edit.
A. Toggle on Set name as the domain and, from the list of available sets,
choose Out.
H. Toggle off Energy in the Output Variables region.
I. Select the displacement components (U under Displacement/Velocity/
Acceleration).
J. Save the output every 2 increments.
K. Click OK.
L. Click Dismiss to close the History Output Requests Manager.
10. From the main menu bar, select BCCreate to prescribe boundary conditions
on the model. In the Create Boundary Condition dialog box that appears,
name the boundary condition X-SYMM and select Initial as the step in which it
will be applied. Accept Mechanical as the category and Symmetry/
Antisymmetry/Encastre as the type. Click Continue.
You may need to rotate the view to facilitate your selection in the following steps.
11. Select ViewRotate from the main menu bar (or use the tool from the
toolbar), and drag the cursor over the virtual trackball in the viewport. The view
rotates interactively; try dragging the cursor inside and outside the virtual
trackball to see the difference in behavior.
12. Select the regions of the model indicated in Figure W7–2 using [Shift]+Click.
Click Done in the prompt area when the appropriate regions are highlighted in
the viewport, and toggle on XSYMM in the Edit Boundary Condition dialog
box that appears. Click OK to apply the boundary condition.
XSYMM regions
Arrows appear on the face indicating the constrained degrees of freedom. The
XSYMM boundary condition constrains the degrees of freedom necessary to
impose symmetry about a plane X = constant; after the part is meshed and the job
is created, this constraint will be applied to all the nodes that occupy the region.
W7.5
13. Repeat steps 2 through 4 to apply a ZSYMM boundary condition to the region
shown in Figure W7–3. Name the boundary condition Z-SYMM.
ZSYMM region
To satisfy the end cap condition on the intersecting pipe, apply a displacement constraint
normal to the entire face of the free end of the pipe. This action will constrain the model
against rigid body motion, and the equivalent traction loads will be generated as reaction
forces.
14. From the main menu bar, select BCCreate. In the Create Boundary
Condition dialog box that appears, name the boundary condition EndCap, and
select Initial as the step in which it will be applied. Accept Mechanical as the
category and select Displacement/Rotation as the type. Click Continue.
15. Select the region of the model indicated in Figure W7–4 using the cursor. Click
Done in the prompt area when the appropriate region is highlighted in the
viewport, and toggle on U2 in the Edit Boundary Condition dialog box that
appears. Click OK to apply the boundary condition.
W7.6
inner surface
17. Specify a uniform pressure of 1.4E7 in the Edit Load dialog box, and click OK
to apply the load.
Arrows appear on the model faces indicating the applied load.
Next, apply a pressure load to impose the end cap condition on the pressure
vessel.
18. Repeat steps 1 through 3 above to apply a pressure of 8.281E6 Pa to the region
highlighted in Figure W7–6. Name the load Vessel End Cap.
W7.8