Automatic Fire Extinguisher and Suppression System

Submitted By:
Bushra Fiaz
Samreen Malik
Duration:
From 26th July to 3rd September 2021
Submitted to:
Department of HIT, Ardic

Heavy Industry Taxila,

 Pakistan

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
It is certified that the project title “Automatic Fire Extinguisher and Suppression System” used
preparation of any recommendation for improved in manufacturing process of Automatic Fire
Extinguisher and Suppression System is carried out by AWM Aiman, at heavy Industry of taxila.
It is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a project report for Interne of concerned Lab.

Supervisor:

Concering OIC

Dept.ARDIC

HIT,Taxila

Project Coordinator:

General Manager

Dept.ARDIC

HIT,Taxila

Head of Department:

Managing Director

Dept.ARDIC

HIT,Taxila
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly I thank to Allah Almighty for giving me strength to design this project. I wish to thank my
mother and father, who sacrificed countless weekends and have always supported my desire to
be a lifelong learner. Thanks to my grandparents, sister, brother, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephew
that have encouraged and supported my efforts these past years. I want to thank my great
grandmother Betty who prioritized her family, career, and education successfully, leading by
example the pursuit to have it all!.we’are thankful to the lab instructor and our intership
supervisor AWM umm Amin who coordinates with us in the Ardic who devoted their time to
guide us throughout an internship period and project as well.
 DECLERATION
It is declare that the work presented in this report is an original piece of my own
work, except where otherwise acknowledge in text and references. This work has
not been submitted in any form for another certificate or diploma at any university
or other working institution for tertiary education and experience and shell not be
submitted by me in future for obtaining any certificate from this or any other
industry or institution.

Bushra Fiaz

Six weeks

September 2021
Introduction to HIT:
Major production units:
Introduction to Ardic:
Working Principal:
SF3W synthesizing alarm meter is connected with the SFY-1 NBC integral controller. It provides
power to SF3W assembly.SFY-1 NBC integral controller has connected with electric socket .By
the use of electric socket all the other assemblies that attach with it working
independently.SFY-1 NBC integral controller and Fire extinguisher is connected with cylinders,
detectors and emergency switch. It is used to detect and control the fire. SFC-1 driving box is
connected with the terminal box and also it is connected with electric socket. Indirectly electric
socket is connecting with Dust scavenging forced fan it provide power to dust scavenging forced
fan. Fan control box is connected with dust scavenging forced fan it is used to control the dust
scavenging forced fan. Driving box provide power to fan control box. Four way changes over
device are connected with driving box that is used to control the inner and outer air and also it
is connected with terminal box. Electromagnetic control box is connected with terminal box and
also with driving box. Compressor unit with cables provide signals to the Ac invertor. The 24v
power is out from the compressor unit with cables and in into the AC inner.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Abstract:

2. Introduction:
FIRE EXTINGUISHER:

A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires,
often in emergency situations. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical
pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire.
Gas extinguishing systems are used when water, foam or powder extinguishing systems are not
effective

A gas extinguishing system is a fire extinguishing system that extinguishes fire with the help of a
gaseous extinguishing agent either through oxygen displacement (reduction of oxygen content)
or physical effects (heat extraction). In contrast to a sprinkler system, a gas extinguishing
system is designed to extinguish and not only suppress fire.

Gas extinguishing systems are used when water, foam or powder extinguishing systems are not
effective or if extinguishing with the above-mentioned extinguishing agents could cause
significant damage. Typical areas of use include all types of electrical switch rooms, IT and
server rooms.

Fig.1: overview of fire extinguisher

3. . Major assemblies and their availabilities in Pakistan:

Types of fire extinguisher:

When it comes to the types of fire extinguishers, there are five main types including wet
chemical, CO2, dry powder, foam and water. In order to meet the current regulations, it is
important for you to have the exact type of fire extinguisher that is needed for your premises.
Parts of a fire extinguisher:

The parts and components of a fire extinguisher all play a vital role in the effective discharge of
water or a chemical agent to suppress a fire before it can spread out of control leading to
property damage and maybe even loss of life.

Cylindrical Tanks:

Flat on the bottom and dome shaped on top, cylindrical steel tanks contain the extinguishing
agent and the propellant necessary to provide the pressure to forcibly push the fire
extinguishing agent out creating a spray.

Valve Assembly:

The function of the valve is to control or regulate the flow of the extinguishing agent. It consists
of a machined body made of metal bar stock on a lathe (or plastic injected molded part for
economy versions), a handle that allows for grasping and lifting and transporting the
extinguisher, a metal locking pin to prevent against accidental discharge, Plastic tamper seals to
keep the locking pin from falling out, a metal release lever and a dip tube through which the
agent is drawn up for expulsion. Stored pressure fire extinguishers may also contain a pressure
gauge.

Nozzle and/or Hose:

 A nozzle directs the direction of the extinguishing agent as it leaves the tank. A hose, typically
found on extinguishers that are heavier than 3 kg, further allows refined directing of the flow as
it leaves the extinguisher.

Extinguishing Agent: 

The substance that limits or suppresses the spread of the fire. An understanding of the different
classifications (Classes) of fires is helpful in determining which type of fire extinguisher is best
for your situation.

Propellant:

A gas whose function is to expel the extinguishing agent from the fire extinguisher. In stored
pressure fire extinguishers, the propellent is stored in the same chamber as the fire
extinguishing agent

4. Working Principal:
The most noticeable difference between a water extinguisher and one that fires carbon dioxide
is the large, black, cone-shaped horn, which allows the carbon dioxide gas to expand, cool, and
turn into a mixture of frozen "snow" and gas. The horn has to be designed very carefully to stop
two major potential problems: it has to allow the CO2 to exit at high speed, so any snow that
forms doesn't block it up, and it has to mix up the gas in a fairly turbulent way to stop it firing
air from the horn at the fire as well (which would effectively make the fire burn more strongly).
This typical design from a patent by Brooks Equipment in the 1970s solves both problems. I've
added the coloring for clarity, but followed the original numbering of the key parts:

 10. Tank containing pressurized liquid carbon dioxide.

 12. Valve.
 14. Trigger.
 16. Discharge horn made of plastic that can survive low temperatures without cracking.
 18. Reinforcing bands wrap around horn at intervals.
 20. Nipple with a screw thread to which the horn attaches.

As the carbon dioxide enters the horn, it swirls around in a turbulent flow (orange arrows)
forming snow (orange blobs) and gas. The swirling turbulence stops dead air zones forming in
the horn, which in turn prevents air being swept down the horn toward the fire.

5. Gases used in cylinder:

There are several different kinds of gases that can be used to suppress a fire. Some of the most
common gases used in fire suppression system are:

 Halotron
 Argon
  Carbon dioxide(CO2)
 Clean agents,including HFC-227ea(FM200) and FK-5-1-12 (Novec 1230)
 Inert Gases,including inergen

6. Availability of gases in Pakistan:

Pakistan has proven reserves equivalent to 12.0 times its annual consumption. This means it
has about 12 years of gas left (at current consumption levels and excluding unproven reserves).
Gas Consumption: 1,436,261

Gas Reserves: 24,700,000

Gas Imports: 48,382

Gas Production: 1,454,978

7. Fire extinguisher price in Pakistan:

Fire extinguisher price in other countries:

 8. Video links:
https://youtu.be/numDrzYJNk4

https://youtu.be/EuUM9V5_j88

https://youtu.be/9PMA-5n89QA

END