SPH4U 4.1-4.

3 Work and Energy

Work:_____________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 In any situation, _____________________________________________________________________ does work

on the object.

𝑊 = 𝐹∆𝑑 cos 𝜃
 The unit of Work _______________________.

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 SPH4U 4.1-4.3 Work and Energy

Example

1. Calculate the work done on a wall if you push on it with a constant force of 9.4 N and the wall does not move.

2. A pool cue stick strikes a ball with a constant force of 0.73 N, causing the ball to move 0.65 m in the direction of
the force. The ball moves 0.080 m while the cue stick is in contact with it. Calculate the work done on the ball by
the cue stick.

3. As a passenger airplane touches down it skids across the runway to a stop. Friction between the ground and the
plane’s wheels applies a constant force of 5.21 kN as the plane slides a distance of 355 m.

(a) Calculate the work done on the airplane by friction.

(b) Determine the distance the plane would slide if friction applied the same force but did -1.52 x 106 J of work.

Homework 4.1 page 170 Q 1,2, 4, 5 4.2 page 176 Q 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12 4.3 page 181 Q 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
 SPH4U 4.1-4.3 Work and Energy

Your Turn

A tow truck uses a winch with a rope attached to pull a car that is stuck in a ditch. The rope exerts a force of 9.9 x 103 N
on the car body, and the angle between the rope and the direction the car moves is 12°. Determine the amount of work
done on the car by the tow truck to move the car 4.3 m.

A skier slides down a snowy hill and then stops by pressing his skis at an angle to the snow. The snow exerts a constant
force of 5.9 N on the skier at an angle of 150° to the skier’s displacement. The skier moves a distance of 3.5 m. Calculate
the work done on the skier by the snow.

Work done by multiple sources

A hiker pulls a sled a distance of 223 m with a constant force of 122 N exerted at an angle of 37°. Friction acts on the sled
with a constant force of 72.3 N. Calculate the work done on the sled by the hiker and by friction, and the total work
done on the sled.

Homework 4.1 page 170 Q 1,2, 4, 5 4.2 page 176 Q 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12 4.3 page 181 Q 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
 SPH4U 4.1-4.3 Work and Energy

Kinetic Energy, Ek

 Kinetic energy, Ek, is __________________________________________________________________________

1
𝐸𝐾 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
 The unit for Energy is _____________________

Working with Kinetic Energy

1. By what factor does a car’s kinetic energy increase when the car’s speed

(a) Doubles (b) triples (c) increases by 26 %

2. Calculate the mass of a blue jay moving at 15 km/h with 0.83 J of kinetic energy.

Homework 4.1 page 170 Q 1,2, 4, 5 4.2 page 176 Q 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12 4.3 page 181 Q 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
 SPH4U 4.1-4.3 Work and Energy

Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem

Example

A space probe travels far out in the galaxy to a point where the force of gravity is very weak. The probe has a mass of
3.8x104 kg and an initial speed of 1.5 x 104 m/s. The probe’s engines exert a force of 2.2 x 105 N in the original direction
of motion as the probe travels a distance of 2.8 x 106 m. Calculate the final speed of the probe.

Homework 4.1 page 170 Q 1,2, 4, 5 4.2 page 176 Q 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12 4.3 page 181 Q 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
 SPH4U 4.1-4.3 Work and Energy

Your Turn

A skater moves across the ice a distance of 12 m before a constant frictional force of 15 N causes him to stop. His initial
speed is 2.2 m/s. Calculate the skater’s mass.

Gravitational Potential Energy, Eg

 The force of gravity will do work on bungee jumper as she jumps off the platform.

 As she falls her _______________________________________________________________________

 This means her original height above the ground contains within it _____________________________________

 Height stores energy in an object ________________________________________________________________

Potential Energy:____________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Gravitational Potential Energy:_________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

𝐸𝑔 = _____________ or 𝐸𝑔 = __________________

Also, just like kinetic energy

𝑊 = ______

Homework 4.1 page 170 Q 1,2, 4, 5 4.2 page 176 Q 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12 4.3 page 181 Q 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
 SPH4U 4.1-4.3 Work and Energy

Example

A grey squirrel drops a 0.020 kg walnut from a branch that is 8.0 m high. Determine the change in potential energy of
the walnut between the branch and the ground.

A 400kg elevator car rose at a constant speed past several floors. If the motor did 58.9 kJ of work, through what height
did the car rise?

Your Turn

A motorized crane did 40.4 kJ of work when slowly lifting a pile driver to a height of 8.00 m. What was the mass of the
pile driver?

A battery-powered scoop used by a Mars lander lifted a 54 g rock through a height of 24 cm. If gMars = 3.8 m/s2, how
much work was done by the scoop?

Homework 4.1 page 170 Q 1,2, 4, 5 4.2 page 176 Q 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12 4.3 page 181 Q 1, 2, 3, 4, 5