SPH4U 2.1-2.

2 Forces and Newton’s Laws

Forces

Free Body Diagrams:_________________________________________________________________________________

Homework 2.1 page 69 Q 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 2.2 page 76 Q 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9

 SPH4U 2.1-2.2 Forces and Newton’s Laws

Practice

Homework 2.1 page 69 Q 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 2.2 page 76 Q 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9

 SPH4U 2.1-2.2 Forces and Newton’s Laws

Net Force

Net Force:__________________________________________________________________________________________

⃗⃗⃗𝑓 = 23 N [S], what are the forces ⃗⃗⃗

If 𝛴𝐹 𝐹1 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐹2 ?

Your Turn

Determine the net force acting on each of the following objects. In each case assume that all forces acting on the object
are given.

(a) At an instant when a soccer ball is slightly off the ground, a player kicks it, exerting a force of 25 N at 40.0° above the
horizontal. The force of gravity acting on the ball is 4.2 N [down].

(b) Two children pull a sled across the ice. One child pulls with a force of 15 N [N 35 ° E], and the other pulls with a force
of 25 N [N 54 ° W]. There is negligible friction acting on the sled.

Homework 2.1 page 69 Q 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 2.2 page 76 Q 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9

 SPH4U 2.1-2.2 Forces and Newton’s Laws

Your Turn

Two tractors pull a large rock east through a construction site with a net force of zero on the rock. Tractor 1 exerts a
force of 1.2 x 104 N [E 12 ° N] on the rock, and tractor 2 exerts a force of 1.2 x 104 N [E 12° S]. Calculate the force of
friction acting on the rock.

Example

Figure 10 shows three masses connected by wires and hung vertically. Draw an FBD for each mass, and determine the
tensions in the three wires.

Your Turn

At one moment during its flight, a thrown baseball experiences a gravitational force of 1.5 N [down] and a force from air
resistance of 0.40 N [32° above the horizontal]. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the net force on the ball.

Homework 2.1 page 69 Q 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 2.2 page 76 Q 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9

 SPH4U 2.1-2.2 Forces and Newton’s Laws

Newton’s First Law:__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Some important implications of Newton’s first law are the following:

• ___________________________________________________________________________________________
• ___________________________________________________________________________________________
• ___________________________________________________________________________________________

1st Law = ______________________________

• ___________________________________________________________________________________________
• ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Newton’s Second Law:_______________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Or__________________

Unit of Force

Example

Two students push horizontally on a large, 65 kg trunk. The trunk moves east with an acceleration of 2.0 m/s2. One
student pushes with a force of 2.2 x 102 N [E 42° S]. The force of friction acting on the trunk is 1.9 x 102 N [W]. Determine
the force that the other student applies to the trunk.

Homework 2.1 page 69 Q 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 2.2 page 76 Q 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9

 SPH4U 2.1-2.2 Forces and Newton’s Laws

Your Turn

A mass of 26 kg has a force of 38 N [N 24 ° E] and a force of 52 N [N 36 ° E] acting on it. Determine the acceleration of
the mass. Assume no other forces act on the object other than the ones given.

Two ropes are used to lift a 1.5 x 102 kg beam with a force of gravity of 1.47 x 103 N [down] acting on it. One rope exerts
a force of tension of 1.8 x 103 N [up 30.0 ° left] on the beam, and the other rope exerts a force of tension of 1.8 x 103 N
[up 30.0 ° right] on the beam. Calculate the acceleration of the beam.

Newton’s Third Law:_________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Use Newton’s third law to explain the motion of each of the following objects. Identify the action and reaction forces
and their directions.

(a) a rocket leaving a launch pad

(b) an airplane flying at a constant velocity

(c) a runner’s foot pushing straight down on the ground

Homework 2.1 page 69 Q 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 2.2 page 76 Q 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9

 SPH4U 2.1-2.2 Forces and Newton’s Laws

Example

A swimmer with a mass of 56 kg pushes horizontally against the pool wall toward the east for 0.75 s with a constant
force. Having started from rest, the swimmer glides to a maximum speed of 75 cm/s. Neglecting friction, determine the
magnitude of

(a) the (constant) acceleration

(b) the force exerted by the swimmer on the wall

(c) the force exerted by the wall on the swimmer

(d) the displacement of the swimmer from the wall after 1.50 s

Your Turn

A boy is floating on an air mattress in a swimming pool. The mass of the boy is 32.5 kg, and the mass of the mattress is
2.50 kg.

(a) Calculate the upward force of the water on the mattress.

(b) Calculate the force that the boy exerts on the mattress.

(c) Calculate the upward force of the mattress on the boy.

Homework 2.1 page 69 Q 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 2.2 page 76 Q 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9

 SPH4U 2.1-2.2 Forces and Newton’s Laws

Your Turn

A projectile launcher fires a projectile horizontally from a platform, which rests on a flat, icy, frictionless surface. Just
after the projectile is fired and while it is moving through the launcher, the projectile has an acceleration of 25 m/s2. At
the same time, the launcher has an acceleration of 0.25 m/s2. The mass of the projectile is 0.20 kg. Calculate the mass of
the launcher.

Homework 2.1 page 69 Q 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 2.2 page 76 Q 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9