NEWTON’S LAWS OF

MOTION
WEEK NO. 10

ATENEO DE NAGA UNIVERSITY

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
General Physics 1 – STEM123
Instructor: Polyanna R. Villaralvo
 Objectives:
At the end of the __ - hour session, the
students are expected to:

• Define inertial frames of reference,

• Identify action-reaction pairs,
• Draw free-body diagrams,
• Apply Newton’s 1st law to obtain
quantitative and qualitative
conclusions about the contact and
noncontact forces acting on a body in
equilibrium,
• Differentiate the properties of static
friction and kinetic friction,
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 Objectives:
At the end of the __ - hour session, the
students are expected to:

• Apply Newton’s 2nd law and kinematics

to obtain quantitative and qualitative
conclusions about the velocity and
acceleration of one or more bodies, and
the contact and noncontact forces acting
on one or more bodies, and
• Solve problems using Newton’s Laws of
motion in contexts such as, but not
limited to, ropes and pulleys, the design
of mobile sculptures, transport of loads
on conveyor belts, force needed to move
stalled vehicles, determination of safe
driving speeds on banked curved roads
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 Recap:

What makes you

“move”?
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 Inertial Frame of Reference

All are in a state of rectilinear

motion with respect to one
another; thus, acceleration
measured with any of them will
read ZERO.
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 Inertial Frame of Reference

It is static or moving at a constant

velocity relative to all other
reference frames.
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 Q&A

Why do objects move?

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Forces

Contact VS Noncontact
Friction Gravitational
Normal Electric
Applied Magnetic
Tension Push or Pull
Air Resistance/Drag
 Free-Body Diagram

used to show the

relative magnitude and
direction of all forces
acting upon an object Rays representing
in a given situation. Forces
 Free-Body Diagram

size of the arrow in a free-body diagram reflects the

magnitude of the force

direction of the arrow shows the direction to which

the force is acting

each force arrow in the diagram is labeled to

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indicate the exact type of force
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 Comprehension Check:

Which of the following is NOT

seen in a free-body diagram?
A. Magnitude of the Force C. Type of Force

B. Mass of the Object D. Direction of the Force

 Comprehension Check:

Which of the following is NOT

seen in a free-body diagram?
A. Magnitude of the Force C. Type of Force

B. Mass of the Object D. Direction of the Force

 Activity:

Create a free-body diagram for the

following:

A book is at rest
on a tabletop.
 Activity:

Create a free-body diagram for the

following:
A flying squirrel is gliding
(no wing flaps) from a
tree to the ground at
constant velocity.
Consider air resistance.
 Activity:

Create a free-body diagram for the

following:

A projectile
reaching its
maximum height.
 Q&A

What are the three laws of

motion?

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 First Law of Motion

An object at rest remains at rest

or if it is in motion continues to
be in motion with a constant
speed along a straight line
unless acted upon by an
external force.
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 First Law of Motion

In symbols,

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∑𝐹 = 0 18
 First Law of Motion

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 Static Friction vs Kinetic Friction

Its force keeps a

stationary object
at rest.
To initiate the motion of
the box the man must
OVERCOME the force of f s = FN   s
static friction 20

 s = coefficient of static friction

 Static Friction vs Kinetic Friction

Once the static friction is

overcome, kinetic friction
is the force that slows
down a moving object.
Upon sliding, the baseball
player will COME TO A
COMPLETE STOP due to
the force of kinetic friction f k = FN   k 21

 k = coefficient of kinetic friction

 SEATBELTS

AIR
BAGS
RESTS
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 Second Law of Motion

The acceleration of a body is

directly proportional to the
magnitude of the net force acting
on it, in the same direction as the
net force, and inversely
proportional to the mass of the
body. 23
 Second Law of Motion

In symbols,

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 Second Law of Motion

In equation,

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 Second Law of Motion

k is a constant
of proportionality
that depends

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on MASS 26
 Second Law of Motion

Thus,

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 Second Law of Motion

Or,

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 Second Law of Motion

1 N = 1 kg m/s2

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Sample Problem:

A 68.5-kg skater moving initially at 2.40 m/s

on rough horizontal ice comes to rest
uniformly in 3.52 s due to friction from the ice.
What force does friction exert on the skater?

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Sample Problem:

A 68.5-kg skater moving

initially at 2.40 m/s on Given:
rough horizontal ice 𝑚 = 68.5 𝑘𝑔
comes to rest uniformly 𝑉𝑖 = 2.40 𝑚/𝑠
in 3.52 s due to friction 𝑡 = 3.52 𝑠
from the ice. What force 𝐹 =?
does friction exert on
the skater?
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Sample Problem:

Given:
m= 68.5 kg ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
Vi=2.40 m/s
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
t=3.52 s Solve for the
𝑎𝑥 =
F=?
acceleration first 𝑡
𝑣𝑓 = 0 because the skater 0 − 2.40𝑚/𝑠
comes to rest uniformly
=
3.52𝑠
𝑎𝑥 = −0.682 𝑚/𝑠 2 32
Sample Problem:

Given:
m= 68.5 kg ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
Vi=2.40 m/s
t=3.52 s 𝑎𝑥 = −0.682 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑚
F=? = (68.5 𝑘𝑔)(−0.682 2 )
𝑠
The force is 46.7 N, directed ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = −46.7 𝑁
opposite to the motion of the
skater. 33
 Activity:
Solve the following problem:

Find the force

needed to
accelerate a 100 kg
mass by 20 𝑚/𝑠 .
2
 Activity:
Solve the following problem:

An aircraft has a mass

of 500 000 kg. The total
force from its jet
engines is 800 000 N.
What is its
acceleration?
Third Law of Motion

When two bodies interact with

one another, the forces they
exert on one another are equal
in magnitude and opposite in
direction.
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Third Law of Motion

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Third Law of Motion

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Sample Problem:

A small car (mass 380 kg) is pushing a

large truck (mass 900 kg) due east on a
level road. The car exerts a horizontal
force of 1200 N on the truck. What is
the magnitude of the force that the
truck exerts on the car? 1200 N
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Sample Problem:

Boxes A and B are in contact on a

horizontal, frictionless surface, as shown
in Fig. E4.23. Box A has mass 20.0 kg and
box B has mass 5.0 kg. A horizontal force
of 100 N is exerted on box A. What is the
magnitude of the force that box A exerts
on box B?
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Sample Problem:

The system is
Given: accelerating so we use
Newton’s second law.
෍ 𝐹 = 100𝑁

𝑚𝑡 = 𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 = 20 + 5 = 25 𝑘𝑔

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 Sample Problem:

Given: ෍ 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
100 𝑁 = 25 𝑘𝑔 (𝑎)
෍ 𝐹 = 100𝑁
100 𝑁
𝑎=
𝑚𝑡 = 𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 = 20 + 5 = 25 𝑘𝑔 25 𝑘𝑔
𝑎 = 4 𝑚/𝑠 2
This is the acceleration given for both boxes as
they are in ONE SYSTEM
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 Sample Problem:

𝑎 = 4 𝑚/𝑠 2
Given: This is the acceleration given for both boxes as
they are in ONE SYSTEM
෍ 𝐹 = 100𝑁

𝑚𝑡 = 𝑚𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 = 20 + 5 = 25 𝑘𝑔 ෍ 𝐹𝑏 = 𝑚𝑏 𝑎
𝑚
= (5 𝑘𝑔)(4 2 )
𝑠
෍ 𝐹𝑏 = 20 𝑁 43
 Questions/Clarifications:

Sample Problem:
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