SPH4U 8.3-8.

4 Magnetic force of current and charged particles

 Inside a speaker is an electromagnet as well as a permanent

magnet.

 The magnetic field of the permanent magnet exerts a force

on the current in the coil of the electromagnet.

 The speaker uses this force to produce sound waves.

 Simply put, a speaker works because a current-carrying

conductor experiences a force in a magnetic field.

Magnetic Force and Current

 Consider a current-carrying wire placed in an external magnetic field as shown in Figure 2.

⃗ is ________________________________________________________________________
 The magnetic field 𝐵

 An external force, not the current in the wire, _____________________________________________________

 Dots indicate __________________________________, crosses indicate ________________________________

 The magnetic force on the moving charge is really _________________________________. We can rewrite the
equation to express this relationship explicitly:

 where 𝜃 represents _____________________________________________________________

Homework 8.3 p396 Q 1, 3, 4, 5 8.4 p404 Q 2, 3, 5, 6

 SPH4U 8.3-8.4 Magnetic force of current and charged particles

Example

The magnitude of the force exerted on a length of wire in an electric motor is 0.75 N. The 15 A current in the wire passes
at a 90° angle to a uniform magnetic field of 0.20 T. Calculate the length of the wire, in centimetres.

Earth’s magnetic field exerts a force of 1.4 x 10-5 N on a 0.045 m segment of wire in a truck motor. The motor wire is
positioned at an 18° angle to Earth’s magnetic field, which has a magnitude of 5.3 x 10-5 T at the truck’s location.
Calculate the current in the wire.

Your Turn

A 155 mm part of a wire has a mass of 0.27 kg and carries an electric current of 3.2 A. The conventional current passes
through a uniform magnetic field of 1.8 T. The direction of the wire and the magnetic field are shown in Figure 7.

(a) What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the wire?

(b) Use the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the magnetic force.

Homework 8.3 p396 Q 1, 3, 4, 5 8.4 p404 Q 2, 3, 5, 6

 SPH4U 8.3-8.4 Magnetic force of current and charged particles

Your Turn

An electrical cord in a lamp carries a 1.5 A current. A 5.7 cm segment of the cord is tilted at a right angle to Earth’s
magnetic field. This segment experiences a 5.7 x 10-6 N magnetic force due to Earth’s magnetic field. Calculate the
magnitude of Earth’s magnetic field around the lamp.

Loudspeakers

 Electrical signals corresponding to sounds produce a changing current in

the coil.

 The changing current produces a changing magnetic field around the

coil. The permanent magnet also has a magnetic field.

 This field exerts a force on the current-carrying wire. Variations in the

current produce variations in the force on the wires in the coil.

 The coil moves back and forth in response. The vibrating coil causes the
cone to vibrate, pushing sound waves through the air and into your ears.

Homework 8.3 p396 Q 1, 3, 4, 5 8.4 p404 Q 2, 3, 5, 6

 SPH4U 8.3-8.4 Magnetic force of current and charged particles

Charges and Uniform Circular Motion

 If a charged particle has _______________________________________________________________________

 𝐹𝑀 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵 sin 𝜃 and __________________________________________________________________________

 Recall that for a particle to move in a circle of radius r, _______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Here, the force producing circular motion is the magnetic force, so we have

 Also, as 𝐹𝑀 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵 when a particle is perpendicular to the field

Mass Spectrometer

 We can determine the radius of a particle’s deflection if

we know the mass of the particle, its velocity, its charge,
and the strength of the magnetic field through which it
moves.

 This machine now has a multitude of uses in the

research and forensic field.

Homework 8.3 p396 Q 1, 3, 4, 5 8.4 p404 Q 2, 3, 5, 6

 SPH4U 8.3-8.4 Magnetic force of current and charged particles

Example

A proton with mass 1.67 x 10–27 kg moves in a plane perpendicular to a uniform 1.5 T magnetic field in a circle of radius
8.0 cm. Calculate the proton’s speed.

Example

Consider a mass spectrometer used to separate the two isotopes hydrogen and deuterium. The isotope hydrogen has a
proton, and deuterium has a proton and a neutron. Assume both ions have a 1+ charge and they enter the magnetic
field region with a speed of 6.0 x 105 m/s. Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field that is required to give a
detector placement difference of 1.5 mm as measured from the initial entry point into the spectrometer compared to
when the ions leave the spectrometer.

Homework 8.3 p396 Q 1, 3, 4, 5 8.4 p404 Q 2, 3, 5, 6

 SPH4U 8.3-8.4 Magnetic force of current and charged particles

Your Turn

A helium 2+ ion with charge 3.2 x 10-19 C and mass 6.7 x 10-27 kg enters a uniform 2.4 T magnetic field at a velocity of

1.5 x 107 m/s, at right angles to the field. Calculate the radius of the ion’s path.

The Bainbridge-type mass spectrometer uses a velocity selector to select only those
ions with the proper velocity. The selector has two charged parallel plates to create
an electric field pointing up, and copper coils to create a magnetic field. Positive ions
pass through the selector, with velocity directed to the right

(a) In which direction should the magnetic field point in order to balance the
electric force against the magnetic force?

(b) If the electric field has magnitude 𝜀, the magnetic field has magnitude B, and
the ion has charge q, determine the proper velocity for the ions to pass through the
selector without deflection.

(c) Predict the paths of ions that have too great, and too small, a velocity. Justify your answers.

Homework 8.3 p396 Q 1, 3, 4, 5 8.4 p404 Q 2, 3, 5, 6

 SPH4U 8.3-8.4 Magnetic force of current and charged particles

Spiral Movement

 Charged particles entering Earth’s magnetic field are deflected in this way.

 They are charged particles with _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 This motion results in _________________________________________________________________________

Homework 8.3 p396 Q 1, 3, 4, 5 8.4 p404 Q 2, 3, 5, 6