UT OF CASTINGS-ASTM SA609

Coarse grain structure

Scattering is more & hence high attenuation

Low frequency to be used

Low to high thickness

Casting process(sand/die/investment casting)

Knowledge about types of defects and its location

Grain size and structure

Shape and area of the castings

Surface finish

Thickness range

Ferritic and low alloy steel castings thickness ranging from 10 mm to 400 mm .

This standard is not applicable to Magnesium or Aluminium Castings

Time of examination

After final heat treatment and prior to any machining .

Probes

single or dual transducer elements.

frequency of 1 to 5 MHz

The background noise shall not exceed 25% (- 12 dB) of distance amplitude correction curve
(DAC).

The crystal dimension

13 mm to 25 mm diameter

or 25 mm square.

SURFACE PREPARATION

Casting surface shall be free from

deep surface pits,

foreign material,

loose scale .

The test surfaces may be as cast, blasted, ground or machined.

If the surface is machined, a finish of approximately 20 micrometer is satisfactory.

CALIBRATION BLOCKS

straight beam

Flat-bottomed holes dia 6.35 mm

angle beam -Cylindrical holes shall be used as calibration reflectors

The calibration blocks shall be made of same material specification, grade, product form, heat-
treatment

Block thickness tolerance ± 25% of actual Specimen

SDH depth at ¼t / ½ t

EXAMINATION

Angle beam examination

when a back-reflection cannot be maintained during straight-beam examination

or where the angle between the front and back surfaces of the castings exceeds 15 deg.

The rate of scanning less than 150 mm/Sec.

Scanning shall be + 6 dB of reference level.

The evaluation of indications shall be made at reference level only.

TEST PROCEDURE

Distance amplitude correction curve (DAC) shall be established using the basic set of
calibration blocks.

Transfer correction in dB shall be applied if necessary .

All discontinuity indications equal to or greater than 50% of DAC shall be recorded .

The boundary of indication shall be marked by 6 dB drop method.

ACCEPTANCE STANDARD (example)

Indication equal to or greater than the DAC over an area of 2000 mm² [Eg.50 mm x 40 mm] are
not acceptable.

Discontinuity indications causing continuous loss of back reflection by 75% or more, over an
area of 2000 mm square [Eg. 50 mm x 40 mm] are not acceptable.

Indications producing a continuous response equal to or greater than the DAC with a dimension
exceeding 75 mm shall be unacceptable.

or

as per the customer requirement/ Different code or Standards followed

EXAMINATION OF REPAIRS

Repairs done by approved procedure shall be re-examined by the same procedure used for
original detection of the discontinuity.

REPORT OF EXAMINATION

A report generated and signed by Level II / III shall be retained in a file for a period of 3 / 5 / 10
years or as per contract agreement
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