Solid State Phenomena Submitted: 2017-06-06

ISSN: 1662-9779, Vol. 265, pp 245-249 Accepted: 2017-06-19

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.265.245 Online: 2017-09-25
© 2017 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland

Technology of Wood Waste Processing to Obtain Construction Material

R.G. Safina*, Z.G. Sattarovab, E.R. Khairullinac
Faculty of power engineering and technological equipment in Kazan State Technological
University, Russia
a
safin@kstu.ru, bsattarova@list.ru, cendzhe_31@mail.ru

Keywords: Tree bark, gypsum, thermo-modification, strength, water absorption

Abstract. The technology of wood waste processing to obtain a construction material is presented.
Thermo-modified ground bark as a filler and gypsum as a binder were used in the composite. The
experimental studies to determine the strength and water absorption of the composite material of the
filler concentration and the fractional composition were presented. The analysis of the results was
conducted.

Introduction
A huge amount of wood waste, including bark is produced at the enterprises of the forest
complex in the wood processing and finds no use in technological processes [1, 2]. In general, the
country accumulates up to 10 million tons of the bark, a part of which is used for the production of
fuel pellets or dried and burned, while the rest is transported to landfills. Bark is not even included
in the balance of the use of sawing raw materials and volume of its accumulation at the enterprises
practically is not taken into account [3-6].
Despite the fact that at present there are numerous researches and developments of domestic and
foreign authors about the use of the bark, including in the production of construction materials, bark
is ineffectively processed under production-line conditions. The lack of interest to the bark as a raw
material is mainly due to the fact that with existing manufacturing technologies of wood materials
use of bark as a filler in an amount of more than 15% by weight of absolutely dry binder impairs the
strength characteristics of the finished materials. As it is known, the chemical composition of bark
almost does not differ from the composition of the wood itself, but the mineral content in the bark is
higher (about 4%). There is much less cellulose in the bark, but there are water-soluble extractives
(up to 30% in conifers), which in its turn degrades the adhesion between the filler and the binder, in
particular in the manufacture of composite materials based on mineral binders [7]. This fact allows
us to suggest the possibility of using specially prepared bark in the production of wood-based
panels with preservation of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the finished product. In
this case, the bark acts as a filler [8, 9]. Thus, research on the development of effective and
inexpensive ways to use the bark is certainly relevant, because it is an affordable and valuable, from
an economic point of view, raw material. Solution of recycling bark problems is aimed at improving
the environmental situation in the wood-processing enterprises [10].

Object of Research and Methods

The composite material of the bark using mineral-binding, is called corolite, which technology is
developed by the Central Research Institute of mechanical wood processing. Properties of corolite
correspond to the characteristics of arbolite class B 3.5 for some overrun of binder. Admittedly, the
properties of these materials require some refinement, however, as their manufacturing process
operations. In this regard, it is proposed to use the thermo-modification process before grinding the
bark. In this case, thermo-modification is used to solve the problem of restrictions on the use of
bark in structural materials, especially when the role of a binder is given to mineral binders, as the
bark is characterized by the presence of specific properties of organic materials, namely, anisotropy,
presence of volume-humid deformation, high permeability and high chemical activity, low adhesion

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246 Materials Engineering and Technologies for Production and Processing III

to mineral-binder. Including a method of improving of grinding the bark. The process of grinding
the thermomodified bark takes less energy than grinding the raw bark [11-14].
As input parameters of experiment we have taken the bark content by weight of absolutely dry
binder and particle size of the bark. Bark content was varied in the range from 10 to 70%. The
dimensions of the bark particles corresponded to mesh sizes, which remained this fraction of bark
when fractionated on particle size analyzer ACB-300 [15].
We used ground bark of coniferous and deciduous hardwood: pine and aspen. In laboratory
conditions, the composite mass was obtained by mixing. Gypsum was added to the mixer as the
binder and gypsum setting retarder, the pre-thermomodified ground bark with defined and accepted
sizes and a predetermined amount of weight was used as a filler. Formation took place in special
molds, pressing at a pressure of 0.03-0.04 MPa was performed on laboratory equipment according
to the process conditions [16-18].
The resulting samples were examined for strength, compression and water absorption on the
relevant methods [19-21].

The Discussion of the Results

The first set of experiments was aimed at the analysis of the strength characteristics at tree bark
content in the composite from 10 to 70% with thermomodified bark and unprocessed bark. As seen
in Figure 1, the increase in the percentage of bark content is directly proportional to the decrease in
tensile strength. Thermomodified bark is characterized by a high strength characteristics. Best
measures can identify the range of bark content percentage in composite from 30 to 50%.

2,5
1 2
2
Strength, MPa

1,5

0,5

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
The content of bark in the material, %

Fig. 1. The dependence of the compressive strength of particle content in composite: 1 - with
thermomodified bark; 2 - with untreated bark.
The main disadvantage of composites with mineral binders and bark is water absorption,
therefore a further set of experiments was focused on the analysis of water absorption of resulting
material with thermomodified bark and bark without heat treatment. The analysis of figure 2 shows
that the amount of the content of the bark has a significant impact on water absorption. The water
absorption increases by increasing the content of the bark. However thermomodified bark is lower
in terms for 11.5% as compared to the bark which was not subjected to thermo-modification.
For further research, we have selected the content of tree bark in the composite in the range of
30-50% and determined the most appropriate size of tree bark. As seen in Figure 3, a construction
material with smaller particle sizes of the bark has the best records in the tensile strength value.
 Solid State Phenomena Vol. 265 247

Fig. 2. The dependence of water absorption on the wood filler content in the composite: 1 - with
untreated bark, 2 - with thermomodified bark.

Fig. 3. The dependence of tensile strength on the size of wood particles of the filler at: 1 - 30%
content of thermomodified bark in the composite, 2 - 40% content of thermomodified bark in the
composite, 3 - 50% content of thermomodified bark in the composite.
Analysis of the results suggests that not only the amount of bark in the composite mixture, but
also its size have an influence on the tensile strength and water absorption of the finished material.
At that the dependency of performance degradation in the tensile strength of the material at the
increase in the size of particles used in the bark occurs.

Conclusions
Using of thermo-modified bark in this case reduces the water absorption of the composite in
comparison with untreated bark on more than 10%. When the content of the bark is of 50% the
water absorption of the obtained material is significantly increased, so increasing the amount of
bark content of the material is possible only by reducing the size of ground bark.
Fractional composition influences on the strength material characteristics, with a decrease in the
size of the bark the characteristics are improved. The best characteristics in strength, water
absorption are achieved with a bark content of from 30 to 50% by weight of absolutely dry binder.
Research to develop ways to use the ground and treated bark in the production of construction
material are promising, as are aimed at addressing a number of technological, environmental and
economic challenges. Replacing wood particles by bark particles increases the percentage of
complex use of raw materials at the plant and reduces the cost of construction material based on
magnesia-binders. Using the bark as a filler improves the ecological state of industrial sites of
woodworking enterprises, reducing the costs of transportation and disposal of bark.
248 Materials Engineering and Technologies for Production and Processing III

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