Proposed

ASHRAE 188 Standard

The impact on Domestic Hot
Water System Design
ASHRAE Standard 188 Background
CDC Domestic Water Outbreaks
 ASHRAE 90.1, USGBC impacts..

 ASHRAE 90.1  USGBC

 Lower DHW temperatures  Water use reduction
 Reduced recirculation rates  Energy saving
 Reduced water consumption  Low/no flow fixtures
 Low flow fixtures  Retrofit / EB projects
Legionella Bacteria Growth Rates

System Temperature System Risk factor

< 72 ⁰F No Growth
72 ⁰F to 86⁰F Slow Growth
86⁰F to 110⁰F Rapid Growth
110⁰F to 122⁰F Slow Growth
>122⁰F No Growth
>130⁰F Die in Hours
>140⁰F Die in Minutes
>160⁰F Die in Seconds
Change in Thinking…..
No Storage Advantage
Conventional Tankless
Large multiples for reliability and performance compensation
How often does peak flow occur?

Flows splits in a typical system • In nearly all applications, hot

water use is sporadic.

• In a typical day, 71% of time is at

low draws and 23% at small draws
(nearly 23 out of 24 hours in a
day).
Joint project IAPMO/ASPE/WQA

Water Demand Calculator

Tower Plaza water heater replacement

300 unit Condominium

27 floors
Downtown Ann Arbor
All single bedroom /bath
Dual boilers/single tank
Replacement Copper Tube water heaters

Raypak 1.46 MBH Raypak 1.46 MBH

water heater water heater
installed 1997 installed 1988
Original 900 gallon storage tank installed in 1966
Piping

Interior of
hot water
return pipe
Tank Condition
Original Storage tank with
exterior steel de-lamination
Tank Location
Storage tank location on
27th floor mechanical room
Tower Plaza Peak Demand Prediction
Tower Plaza Measured Flow
New intellihot Installation
 New intellihot Installation
 (2) 751 MBH input heaters
 (6) independent engines
 Zero storage
 No mixing valve
Project impact
Prior to installation Post Installation

 2X Redundancy  6X redundancy
 Average DHW usage  Average DHW usage
 7,446 gal/day  7,446 gal/day
 32,930 CCF/yr  19,687 CCF/yr
 $26,345/yr  $15,749 / yr
 40% reduction
How do we achieve reliability?
 Modular approach (2MM BTU Vs 4MMBTU)
 50% less Capex, 40% better Opex

130°F

120°F
Cold in
How do we achieve reliability?
 Masterless No-Single point failure controls

30% 30% 30%

Distributed controls - set

60% 60% and controls all units from
the panel of any unit

Based on hours, cycles,

Flow

30% 30%
flow (distinguishes highway
vs. city driving)

60%
Compact
• Fits elevators - Small foot print 30”W x 64”H
• No reinforced floors – Weights 50% less

4 individual engines