Assignment #02

Subject Code:

Chemical Process Industries(Ch.E-231)

Submitted to:

Mrs.Ammara Waheed

Submitted by:

Usman Ali

Roll No:

UW-20-CHE-BSC-020

Semester:

3rd

Department of Chemical Engineering

Wah Engineering College

University of Wah

4th NOV,21
Table of Contents:
Introduction:

According to US government statistics, Pakistan’s energy mix is formed of

64% fossil fuels, 27% hydropower and 9% other renewables and nuclear
power.While Pakistan has strong potential for producing renewable energy it
is still far behind much of the world in developing these sources.

Pakistan’s commercially exploitable energy resources consist of coal, gas,

oil, hydel power, nuclear power and a large base of traditional fuels in the
form of fuel wood, agricultural and animal wastes. The current energy supply
matrix is a composite of various technologies. Oil and gas form the bulk of
primary commercial energy supply mix of Pakistan, contributing 75.3% (oil:
23.3%, gas: 51.6%, LPG: 0.4 %,) as shown in Figure. 1. The other sources
include; coal: 6.2%, hydro electricity: 11.3% and nuclear electricity: 1.2%.
Volumetric estimates of OOIPoriginal oil in place and OGIPoriginal gas in placeare based on a geological
model that geometrically describes the volume of hydrocarbons in the reservoir. However, due mainly to
gas evolving from the oil as pressure and temperature are decreased, oil at the surface occupies less
space than it does in the subsurface. Conversely, gas at the surface occupies more space than it does in
the subsurface because of expansion. 

Pakistan’s energy resources consist of fossil fuels (coal, gas and oil), uranium and renewable energy
(hydropower, wind, solar, wood, etc).  Pakistan does not have adequate oil reserves and has to import
large quantities of crude oil and petroleum products to meet more than 80% of its oil requirements. The
natural gas reserves of the country are limited, however the coal reserves are large but yet undeveloped.

The hydro power potential of Pakistan is estimated to be 50,000 MW. Around 13.7% of the estimated
potential has been exploited. The hydro potential is located in mountainous regions, away from load
centers. High investment cost (for electricity generation and transmission), socio-political issues, such as
water allocation among the provinces and resettlement of people, are some of the reasons for not
exploiting the potential to its full capacity. Pakistan has a considerable potential for wind energy. The
economically exploitable wind potential is about 50,000 MW.

Pakistan is facing many issues due to energy crises that

include Unemployment which is the main issue. Due to not availability of
electricity many industries are bound to lay off workers. Unemployment rate in
Pakistan is 5.90% in 2016 -2017.
 
References:

atrc.net.pk/resources/pakistan/renewable_energy/renewable_energy_pakistans…

wiki.aapg.org/Reserves_estimation…

www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/cnpp2016/countryprofiles/Pakistan…

www.technologytimes.pk/2019/07/08/energy-crisis-pakistan-issues/...