Table of Contents:

Jigging:...................................................................................................................................................4
Principle of Jigging:............................................................................................................................4

Types of Operations:...........................................................................................................................5

Differential Acceleration:................................................................................................................5

Pulsation:.........................................................................................................................................6

Hindered Settling:...........................................................................................................................6

Consolidated Trickling:...................................................................................................................7

References:.............................................................................................................................................8

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Table of Figures:
Figure 1...................................................................................................................................................4
Figure 2...................................................................................................................................................4
Figure 3...................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 4...................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 5...................................................................................................................................................6
Figure 6...................................................................................................................................................7

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 Question # 01:
Enlist and explain the types of jigging operations for mineral processing?
Jigging:
Jigging is a method of gravitational Separation of natural resources, based on separation of
mineral mixture on density in vertically oscillating water stream of variable direction.

The end products of jigging are concentrates with high content (high density) of useful
component and (low density) wastes. The concentrates now, can be extracted from the
wastes separately.

Figure 1

The practical importance of jigging is that stratification occurs with the denser minerals at the
bottom of the bed and the lighter minerals at the top.

Principle of Jigging:
The jigging operation is mainly actuated by alternate strokes of pulsation and suction. The particle
bed resting on top of the screen starts dilating at the start of the pulsation stroke, and separation of
particles occurs due to differential acceleration followed by hindered settling. The second half of the
cycle, the suction stroke, helps stratification of the bed according to specific gravity and
consolidation trickling of fine particles. 

Figure 2

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Types of Operations:
The Jigging operations are of four types:

 Differential Acceleration.
 Pulsation.
 Hindered Settling.
 Consolidated Trickling.
Differential Acceleration:
At the very beginning of the pulsation stroke, initial differential acceleration sets in, and
separation occurs based on differences in density. The forces acting on the particle settling
in a fluid can be given by the following equation. As the initial velocity is almost zero, the
drag force does not develop, which can be taken as zero also. Thus, gravitational and buoyant
forces are acting on the particle as:

𝑑𝑣
𝑚 = (𝑚 − 𝑚/)𝑔 − 𝑅
𝑑𝑡

Where,

 m = mass of the particle;

 m′ = mass of the displaced fluid;
 v = velocity of the particle;
 t = time taken for the particle to travel;
 g = acceleration due to gravity;
 R = resistance force offered by the fluid or drag force acting upwards;
 ρs = density of the particle;
 ρl = density of the fluid.
The above equation demonstrates that the densities of the fluid and the particle are the key
factors in differential acceleration. As any particular particle in the jig bed is subjected to the
same fluid, the density differences of the particles play a major role in the separation process
in the beginning.

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 Figure 3

Pulsation:
In Pulsation the Particles are pulsed by the water at a high speed from downwards, as a result
the particles (high and low density) are suspended and the particles with high density falls to
the bottom while the particles with low density remained suspended in the water.

Figure 4

Hindered Settling:
In hindered settling, the particles are very close to one another and are crowded in the pulp.
They collide with one another, and their settling velocities are affected. The hindered settling
ratio is always greater than the free settling ratio. This ratio increases with an increase in pulp
density. Hindered settling reduces the effect of size and increases the effect of density.

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 Figure 5

increases, and the drag force becomes significant. This creates the conditions of hindered
settling.

Consolidated Trickling:
In the final step of suction stroke, preceded by the pulsation stroke, fine heavy particles pass
through the interstices between the heavy coarse particles, forming a bed on the screen. This
phenomenon is known as consolidation trickling. This kind of separation takes place based on
size.

Figure 6

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References:
http://gravicon.com.ua/en/page40.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/jigging
https://www.britannica.com/technology/jigging
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
345686319_Jigging_A_Review_of_Fundamentals_and_Future_Directions
https://www.beyonddiscovery.org/mineral-processing/jigging.html