BSI B S X 7 3 7 1 : P A R T * 1 91 m 1624663 0270722 B m

BRITISH STANDARD BS 7371 :

f Part 1 : 1991

Coatings on metal
fasteners
Part 1. Specification for general
requirements and selection guidelines

Revêtements pour éléments de fixation en Beschichtung von mechanischen

métal Verbindungelementen aus M e t a
Partie 1. Caractéiistiques générales et Teil 1. Allgemeine Anforderungen und
directives de choix - Spécifications Auswahìkriterien

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 BSI BS*737L: P A R T * l 91 W l b 2 4 b b î 0 2 7 0 7 2 3 T
BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991

Cornittees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the General

Mechanical Engineering Standards Policy Committee (GME/-) to %chnical
Committee GME/9, upon which the’following bodies were represented:

BEAMA Ltd.
British Constructional Stee1woi.k Association Ltd.
British Industrial Fasteners’ Federation
British Railways Board
British Steel Industry
British Steel Industiy (Wire Section)
Gauge and lòol Makers’ Association
Ministry of Defence
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited
Washer Manufactureix’ Association of Great Britain

The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees and panels:

British Turned-parts Manufacturers’ Association

EEA (the Electronic and Business Equipment Association)
Institute of Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing Association
Stainless Steel F’abi.icators’ Association of Great Britain

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the General
Mechanical Engineering
Standards Policy Committee,
was published under the Amendments issued since publication
authority of the Standards
Board and comes into effect on Amd. No. Date %xt affected
31 January 1992
O BSI 1991

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference GME/9/1
Draft for comment 89í70596 DC
I
ISBN O 580 20035 3

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BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword 2
Specification
O Introduction 3
1 Scope 3
2 Definitions 3
3 Selection of coatings 3
4 Preparation before coating 3
5 Hydrogen embrittlement 3
6 Thickness and coating weight 4
7 Sampling for inspection 4
8 Delivery conditions 4
9 Information to be supplied to the coater and designation 4
Appendices
A Selection guidelines 5
B Avoidance of hydrogen embiittlement 9
C Surface areas of bolts, screws and nuts 9
D Delivery conditions 13
ables
1 Protective value and service condition number 5
2 Coating selection 6
3 Coating recommendations for parallel threads 8
4 Surface areas of screws and bolts 10
6 Surface areas of nuts for electroplated coatings 12
6 Surface areas of nuts for non-electroplated coatings 12
Figure
1 Constituent surface areas of a bolt or screw 11

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BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991

Foreword

This Part of BS 7371 has been prepared under the authority of the General
Mechanical Engineering Standards Policy Committee to provide part of a seiies of
standards on coatings on metal fasteners.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from
legal obligations,

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E S 1 BS*?3?1: P A R T S 1 91
Specification
O Introduction
BS 7371 deals with the performance of coatings on
metal fasteners and accessories.
This Part of BS 7371 specifies the general
requirements for coatings on fasteners and
accessories and will be supplementary to all other
Parts of the standard.
Further Parts of the series to incorporate the
following are in preparation.
Specification for torque/clamping force
relationship
Specification for electroplated zinc and cadmium
coatings
Specification for electroplated nickel,
nickel/chromium and copper/nickel/chromium
coatings
Specification for electroplated tin and tinhead
coatings
Specification for electroplated coatings for special
purposes
Specification for mechanically applied zinc and
cadmium coatings
Specification for mechanically applied coatings
for special purposes
Specification for phosphate and oil coatings
Specification for organic coatings
Specification for zinc flake non-electrolytically
applied cured coatings
The Parts of BS 7371 listed provide coatings for the
following purposes:
(a) corrosion protection;
(b) appearance;
(c) electrical conductivity;
(d) controlled lubricity;
(e) identification;
(f) avoidance of hydrogen embrittlement.
Attention is drawn to clause 3 and appendix A
which provides advice on the suitability and
limitations of the coatings for these purposes.
1 Scope
This Part of BS 7371 specifics general requirements
that apply to all other Parts of BS 7371, including
the following:
(a) preparations before coating;
(b) hydrogen embrittlement hazards and
avoidance;
(c) sampling;
(d) thickness testing;
(e) arca tables for parallel threaded fasteners;
(f) selection of coatings.
These requirements are supplementary to the
specific requirements of each Part of BS 7371.
NOIE. The titles of the publications referred to in this standard
are listed on the inside back cover.
')Property classes are designated in BS 6104.
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2 Definitions
2.1 significant surfaces
Those areas visible on a part when assembled.
2.2 production run
Those batches of paits processed continuously
without any changes in coating techniques or
constituent,s within a single working day.
3 Selection of coatings
The coating shall be selected with regard to the
following:
(a) corrosion resistance;
(b) appearance;
(e) shape and size;
(d) embrittlement;
(e) conductivity;
(f) lubricity;
(g) application limitations;
(h) colour (if applicable).
NOTE. Appendix A provides guidance on suitable coatings for
specific components.
4 Preparation before coating
Prior to coating, parts shall be free of oil, grease,
scale, oxides and other foreign matter.
NCYiZ 1. The cleaning process should not induce hydrogen
embrittlement (see clause 6).
NOTE 2. It is essential that the cleaning process is not
detrimental to the substrate.
5 Hydrogen embrittlement
5.1 Cleaning processes
Parts heat treated or cold worked to a surface
hardness of 320 HV to 390 HY, and ako property
classes1) 9.8, 10.9, and 10.9 shall be cleaned with
an inhibited acid, alkaline or mechanical process.
NCYl'E 1. The time during which parts are immersed in inhibited
acid cleaning agents increases the risk of the introduction of
potential hydrogen embiittlement. Immersion time in the
inhibited acid should therefore be of minimum duration.
Cathodic cleaning processes should be avoided.
Special cleaning processes using non-acidic
methods such as diy honing, abrasive blasting or
alkali derusting shall be used to clean parts which
have been heat treated or cold worked to a surface
hardness greater than 390 HY or property
class 12.9 and above.
NOTE 2. Hydrogen embiittlement may cause premature failure
of parts which are heat treated or cold worked to a surface
hardness of 320 HV and above when subjected to stress. The
property classes affected include 9.8 and above. Although
baking after coating will minimize the risk of failure, the
process can never be guaranteed to be completely effective.
Appendix B includes a more detailed explanation.
 BSI BSU737L: PART*L 91
BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991
5.2 Coating processes
Parts shall be coated in accordance with the
appropriate Parts of BS 7371.
NOTE.The risk of hydrogen embrittlement failure of parts with
a surface hardness greater than 390 HV, and also property
class 12.9 and above, cannot be precluded unless coating
processes are used which do not involve electrolysis from
aqueous solutions. Only high-efficiency, non-cyanide type
electroplating solutions or alternative non-embrittling coatings
should be used (see appendix B).
5.3 De-embrittlementprocesses
Except for those parts described in note 1, parts
heat treated or cold worked to a surface hardness
greater than 320 HV and also propei‘ty classes 9.8
and above which have been electroplated shall be
de-embiittled by baking. Parts shall be not heated
to a temperature above that at which they were
originally tempered.
NOIX 1. Although property class 8.8 may marginally exceed
320 HV surface hardness, it is not a requirement of this
specification to take these precautions provided that the
surface hardness of this particular property class does not
exceed 350 HV.
The baking process specified shall apply to the
parts within the scope of this standard with the
exception of the following:
(a) parts tempered below 180 OC;
(b) parts susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement;
(e) parts with coatings adversely affected by a
temperature of 180 O C to 210 O C ;
(d) parts adversely affected by a temperature
of 180 O C to 210 O C .
The heating process shall commence within 1 h
after the completion of electroplating.
Except for those parts listed in (a) to (d), parts
shall be heated to achieve a temperature of 180 O C
to 210 OC within 4 h (maximum) after the
completion of electroplating and shall be
maintained at this temperature for the appropriate
time as given in (1) to (6).
(1) Bolts and screws of property 4h
classes 9.8, 10.9 and 10.9
(2) Bolts and screws of property 6h
class 12.9 (see clause 5.2)
(3) Spring steel parts hardness 8h
range 400 HV to 500 HV
(4) Spring steel parts hardness 12 h
range 500 HV to 600 HV
(5) Case hardened tapping screws 2h
(6) Case hardened thread rolling screws 6h
NOTE 2. It should not be assumed that the specified baking
process .ririucompletely remove hydrogen embrittlement in all
cases. Other conditions of duration and temperature may be
used if they have been shown to be effective for the parts
listed in (a) to (d). Parts which have been tempered at
temperatures below 180 O C will require baking at a lower
temperature. Generally, parts baked at lower temperatures
require longer times at that temperature. Some types of steel
are more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than others
and the baking times given may be inadequate in some
circumstances.
Certain coatings, e.g. tin, and the physical properties of some
parts, may be adversely affected by a temperature of 180 OC
to 210 O C . in such cases, lower temperatures and longer times
will be required.
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6 Thickness and coating weight
Thickness and coating weight shall be evaluated
using the appropriate methods specified in each
Part of BS 7371, which include the following:
(a) local thickness;
(b) batch average thickness;
(e) mass per unit area.
NmE. l b assist in calculations, areas of standard bolts, screws
and nuts are defined in appendix C.
7 Sampling for inspection
Sampling for thickness measurement shall be in
accordance with BS 6041.
Sampling for corrosion testing or torque/clamping
force measurement shall be in accordance with
table 3 of BS 6041 : 1990.
8 Delivery conditions
All requirements of the coating specifications shall
be complied with at the time of delivery of the
fasteners or accessories to the specified location
(see appendix D).
NOTE.The purchaser should state the location in the enquûy
or order.
9 Information to be supplied to the
coatei and designation
The following‘informationshall be supplied to the
coater:
(a) the number of this British Standard,
i.e. BS 7371;
(b) the Part of BS 7371 appropriate to the
coating required;
(e) the coating grade or thickness as applicable;
(d) the requirement for lubrication, if applicable;
(e) the requirement, if any, for stress relieving
before coating, in which case the stress relieving
conditions shall be specified;
(f) special requirements, e,g, additional
protection for storage (see clause 8 and
appendix D);
(g) the requirements of subsequent operations
such as the application of adhesives.
The coating shall be specified using at least the
following designation (see note 1 to table 2):
‘Coating in accordance with BS 7371 :
Part : Grade I,
Lubricated condition shall be designated by the
letter ‘E after the grade identification (see
appendix A.
Designation example: an electroplated zinc coating
complying with grade Zn8C with added lubrication
is designated thus:
BS 7371 : Part X : Grade Zn8CL.
 BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991

Appendices

Appendix A. Selection guidelines A.1.2 Coating selection

A . l Guidelines on the selection of coatings
A . l . l Protective value and service condition
number
The protective value and sei-vice life of a coating
wili vaiy according to the type of coating, its
thickness, the use of a chromate conversion
treatment (where appropriate), etc.
For the purpose of this standard, degrees of
seveiity are defined in table 1 and equated to a
service condition number.
Coatings should be selected using the data in
table 2 and table 3 in accordance with the criteria
defined in clause 3 and in conjunction with the
appropriate Pai$ of BS 7371.
N U E . Increased thicknesses may be specified to extend
resistance to rust provided that thread dimensions before
plating are adjusted.
ALI coatings except phosphate and oil coatings \vil1 not
substantially deteriorate when stored in a good storage
environment for a period of 3 months.

%ble 1. Protective value and service condition number

Designation number and Description and application examples
service condition
~

O Exposure to indoor atmospheres and not subject to condensation, wear or

Very mild abrasion.
Example: a product with temporary protective coating for storage
1 Exposure to indoor atmospheres with rare condensation and subject to
Mild minimum wear or abrasion.
Example: domestic furniture screws
2 Exposure mostly to dry indoor atmospheres but subject to occasional
Moderate condensation, wear or abrasion.
Examples: fasteners for motor vehicle interiois, industrial machineiy
3 Exposure to condensation, perspiration, infrequent wetting by rain, and
Severe cleaners
Examples: fasteners for window fittings, washing machines, bicycles
4 Exposure to harsh conditions or subject to frequent exposure to moisture,
Very severe cleaners and saline solutions, plus likely damage by denting, scratching or
abrasive wear.
Examples: plumbing, electiical transmission tower fasteneis, motor vehicle
underbody fasteneis

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BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991

Pdble 2. Coating selection

3ating Gradel) Embrittlement2) Galvanic3 Conductive4) Lubricity6) Appearance Service
condition
number
~

Electroplated ZN5A Silver

Zn5B Silver
Zn5C Yellow
Zn5D Olive Drab
Zn8A Silver
Zn8B Silver
Zn8C Yellow
Zn8D Olive Drab
Znl2A Silver
Znl2B Silver
Znl2C Yellow
Znl2D Olive Drab
Electroplated Cd5A Silver
:admium6)s)
Cd5B Silver
Cd5C Yellow
Cd5D Olive Drab
Cd8A Silver
Cd8B Silver
Cd8C Yellow
Cd8D Olive Drab
Cd 1¿'A Silver
Cdl2B Silver
Cdl2C Yellow
Cdl2D Olive Drab
biechanically Zn5AM Silver
dated zincs)
Zn5BM Silver
Zn5CM Yellow
Zn5DM Olive Drab
Zn8AM Silver
Zn8BM Silver
Zn8CM Yellow
Zn8DM Olive Drab

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1 a b l e 2. Coating selection (concluded)

Grade') Embrittlement2 Galvanic3 Conductive4) Lubricity5) Appearance Service
condition
number

Znl2AM
Znl2BM
Znl2CM
Znl2DM
Mechanically Cd5AM Silver
plated cadmium6)
Cd5BM Silver
Cd5CM Yellow
Cd5DM Olive Drab
Cd8AM Silver
Cd8BM Silver
Cd8CM Yellow
Cd8DM Olive Drab
Cd12AM Silver
CD12BM Silver
CD12CM Yellow
CD12DM Olive Drab
Organic OA Coloured7)
OB Coloured
oc Coloured
OD Coloured

1 Zinc
flake
A
B
X

X
X

X
X

X
Silver grey
Silver grey
')The designation may be extended to include requirements such as lubricity, coloui, etc., in accordance with the appropriate Pai
of BS 7371 applicable to the specific coating.
')'x' indicates the potential for embrittlement of parts during the coating process, see clause 6 .
3)'x' indicates that the method of protection is galvanic.
411x'indicates an abiìity to form part of an electrically conductive assembly at voltages of 12 V and greater with little resistance.
')'x' indicates that lubricity is, or can be, incorporated in the coating without the application of an additional lubricant.
G)Theuse of cadmium is restricted in certain countries.
7)GradeOA is also available as a clear coating to enhance the corrosion resistance of other coatings without significant change in
appearance.
*)A 3 pm thickness can be specified which is only suitable for service condition O.

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BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991

a b l e 3. Coating recommendations for parallel threads

Coating Nominal thickness Thread pitch')
or grade
Nominal Coated male Coated female Male/female both
thickness fastener2) fastener$) coated

Pm
Electroplated zinc 3 0.2 0.2 0.8
5 0.45 0.45 1.25
8 1.5 1.6 3
12 3 3 None
~

Electroplated cadmium 3 0.2 0.2 0.8

5 0.45 0.45 1.25
8 1.5 1.5 3
12 3 3 None
~

Mechanically plated zinc 3 0.2 0.2 0.8

5 0.45 0.45 1.25
8 1.5 1.5 3
12 3 3 None
Mechanically plated cadmium 3 0.2 0.2 0.8
5 0.45 0.45 1.25
8 1.5 1.5 3
12 3 3 None
Organic OA 1 (0.74)) 34)

OB 1 (0.74)) 34)

oc 1 None
OD 2 None
Zinc A 0.75 0.75 0.8
Flake 2 2.5 3
)The thread pitch quoted in the table will accept the designated coating on male threads of tolerance class 6g and female
.breads of tolerance class 6H.
!)Femalethread not coated.
!)Malethread not coated.
l)If electrophoretically applied.
')If applied by spraying techniques.

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 B S I BS*737L: PART*i<L 9%
Appendix B. Avoidance of hydrogen
embrittlement
B. 1 Introduction
Fasteners and accessories will absorb hydrogen if
subjected to processes which produce nascent
hydrogen in the cleaning, pretreatment or coating
process. This condition may cause premature
failure of parts heat treated or cold worked to a
surface hardness of 320 HVand above when
subjected to stress. Property classes affected
include 9.8 and above. Generally, the higher the
surface hardness, the greater is the risk of failure,
Most electrolytic and acidic processes are liable to
produce hydrogen and, though baking after coating
will minimize the risk of failure, the process can
never be guaranteed to be completely effective.
There is no known test procedure which can
satisfactorily guarantee that the heat treatment
process has successfully eliminated ail traces of
hydrogen embrittlement from all parts in a
processed batch. If the risk of failure is
unacceptable, cleaning and coating specifications
which do not involve electrolysis from aqueous
solutions should be used,
B.2 Non-embrittling coatings
Coatings that do not give any risk of the liberation
of hydrogen during the coating process are not
embrittling. The use of heat for curing certain
coatings also helps to remove any embrittlement
that could have been induced by cleaning or
pretreatment processes. Notwithstanding this, the
information given in the notes of clause 5 should
be considered.
Non-embrittling coatings will be covered by further
Parts of this British Standard as follows:
Specification for mechanically applied zinc and
cadmium coatings
Specification for mechanically applied coatings
for special purposes
Specification for organic coatings
Specification for zinc flake non-electrolytically
applied cured coatings
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BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991
Appendix C. Surface areas of bolts,
screws and nuts
C . l Bolts and screws
'Ihble 4 gives values for the calculation of surface
areas of commonly used bolts and screws in square
centimetres.
To obtain the total surface area of a bolt or screw
the following parameter values are necessary (see
figure 1).
(a) the surface area b of a length of € cm of the
threaded shank of the bolt or screw;
(b) the surface area u of a length of 1 cm of the
unthreaded shank of the bolt or screw;
(c) the surface area G of the head to which has
been added the surface area of the end of the
shank.
NOIX. If the thread is cut, the unthreaded shank will be
approximately equal to the basic major diameter (nominal
diameter). If the thread is rolled, the unthreaded shank will be
approximately equal to either the thread effective (pitch)
diameter or the basic major diameter. Surface area values for
both basic major diameter and rolling diameter are, where
appropriate, given in table 4.
The total surface area of a bolt or screw in square
centimetres may be calculated from the following
formula:
Total area = (length of threaded shank in
cm x b)
+ (length of unthreaded shank in
cm x u)
+ G
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BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991

a b l e 4. Surface areas of screws and bolts

Thread Area per centimetre length Area of head, c
sue
Threaded Unthreaded shank, u
shank, b
Coarse pitch Nominal Rolling Flat Raised Pan head Cheese Hexagon
threads diameter shank countersunk countersunk head head
diameter, head head
coarse
pitch
threads

cm2 cm2 cm2 em2 cm2 cm2 cm2 cm2

M1.6 0.734 0.503 0.432 0.204 0.221 - O. 193 0.297
M2 0.931 0.627 0.544 0.326 0.355 - 0.320 0.471
M2.2 1.021 0.691 0.599 0.378 0.409 - 0.373 -
M2.5 1.181 O. 785 0.691 0.499 0.541 0.564 O. 470 0.722
M3 1.432 0.942 0.836 0.667 0.722 0.783 0.728 0.910
M3.5 1.665 1.100 0.975 0.858 0.930 1.104 0.914 -
M4 1.897 1.257 1,110 1.188 1,286 1.449 1.203 1,529
M4.5 2.149 1.415 1.255 1.281 1.386 1.822 1.621 -
M5 2.398 1.570 1.402 1.677 1.816 2.252 1.841 2.977
M6 2.862 1.885 1.671 2.418 2.612 3.196 2.583 3.122
M8 3.348 2.515 2.243 4.298 4.646 5.779 4.394 5.413
M10 4.831 3.142 2.817 6.715 7.258 9.018 6.660 9.058
M12 5.814 3.763 3.398 9.905 10.64 - 8.64 11.51
M14 6.797 4.399 3.945 12.57 13.57 - 11.58 15.23
M16 7.869 5.027 4.567 17.20 18.59 - 15.09 18.30
M18 5.763 5.654 5.088 20.75 32.40 - 19.13 23.85

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BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991

urface area of 1 crn

of unthreaded shank,a

Surface area o f 1 crn

of threaded shank,b

Surface area of tip

(value included in
surface area o f head)

Figure 1. Constituent surface areas of a bolt or screw

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B S I BS*737L: P A R T M L 91 Lb24bbî 0270735 b W

BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991

(3.2 Nuts a b l e 6. Surface areas of nuts for

làbles 5 and 6 give the surface areas of commonly non-electroplatedcoatings
used nuts.
Thread size Area of nut

lhble 5. Surface areas of nuts for electroplated Ordinary Pressed Pressed

coatings hexagon hexagon square

Thread size Area of nut cm2 cm2 cm2

Ordinary Pressed Pressed M1.6 0.376 0.317 0.352
hexagon hexagon square
M2 0.589 O. 472 0.542
cm2 cm2 cm2
M2.5 O. 922 0.762 0.869
M1.6 0.322 0.289 0.333
M3 1.221 0,911 0.987
M2 0.497 O. 442 0.512
M3.5 1.145 1.310 -
M2.2 - 0.538 0.621
M4 1,998 1.465 1.668
M2.5 O. 774 0.713 O, 820
M5 2.779 2 * O00 2.286
M3 0.959 0,837 0.957
M6 4.266 3.054 3* 494
M3.5 - 1.035 1.200
M8 6.998 5.059 5.794
M4 1.632 1.337 1,540
M10 11.972 8.783 10.025
M4.5 - - -
M12 16.193 - -
M5 2.213 1.794 2,080
M14 21.294 - -
M6 3.458 2.760 3.200
M16 26.83 - -
M8 5.858 4.725 5.460
M18 34.308 - -
MIO 9.710 7.938 9.180
M12 12.82 - - The effective surface area of a nut for the purposes
of electroplated coating application is normally less
M14 16.76 - - than its actual geometrical area because of the
- - difficulty in attaining uniform distribution of the
M16 20.78 coating over the internal threads, the majority of
M18 26.78 - - the coating being on the first thread at each end.
For the purposes of this standard, therefore, the
calculation of the surface area of a nut has been
based on the following:
(a) a solid of the shape of the nut but neither
drilled nor tapped for electroplated coatings, and
(b) the full area for other coatings.

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BS 7371 : Part 1 : 1991

Appendix D. Delivery conditions Rchniques for avoiding deterioration will vary and
may include the following:
After application, coatings will deteriorate with
regard to corrosion resistance and mechanical (a) increasing the performance requirements or
performance according to time, handling, shipping coating thickness;
and storage conditions. The rate of deterioration (b) special packaging;
will vary according to the type of finish, exposure (c) an additional coating.
to corrosive atmospheres and packaging. A
purchaser of coated fasteners or accessories will If an additional coating is used, care should be
normally request the coating required from this taken to ensure that it does not interfere with any
British Standard and expect the specification of the requirements of the basic coating, such as
requirements to be satisfied when the fasteners or colour or torque/clamping force performance,
accessories are delivered to the location agreed at Information to be provided by the purchaser of the
the time of ordering. The coater has no control fasteners or accessories should include all of the
over the suitability of the selected coating or over requirements defined in clause 9 of this Part of
many of the factors which will subsequently affect BS 7371 together with the delivery location.
its ability to satisfy the specification requirements
at the point of final delivery (see clause 8).
It is therefore the responsibility of the fastener or
accessoiy supplier (manufacturer, distributor or
stockist) to ensure that the instructions to the
coater, and the packaging, allow for those factors
which may generate failure of the coating to
comply with the specification requirements a t the
point of final delivery.

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Publication(s) referred to
BS 6041 Method of sampling of electrodeposited metallic coatings and related finishes : procedures
for inspection by attributes
BS 6104 Mechanical properties of fasteners

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BSI BS*7371: P A R T * l 91 m 1624669 0270738 l m

BS 7371 :
Part 1 : 1991

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COPYRIGHT British Standards Institute on ERC Specs and Standards

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