TR2103 Introduction to Numerical Methods

Assignment 1-1 (Submit before 30 october)

1 Determine an interval of length one unit in which the negative real root, which is

smallest in magnitude lies for the equation 9x3 + 18x2 – 37x – 70 = 0.

Answer:

f (−x )=−9 x3 +18 x 2−37 x−70=0

The number of changes in the sign of the coefficients (-9,18,-37,-70) is 1. Therefore the
equation has one positive root.
Since the smallest negative real root in the magnitude is required so a table of values is
form for x < 0.
x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
F(x) -560 -210 -40 4 -24 -70

f(-1), f(-2) < 0 the negative root of smallest magnitude lies in the interval (-2,-1).

2 Find the root correct to two decimal places of the equation xex = cos x, using the method

of false position.

Answer:

f ( x )=cos x−x e x =0

f ( 0 )=cos (0)

f ( 0 )=1

f ( x )=cos x−x e x =0

f ( 1 ) =cos ( 1 )−1 e

f ( 1 ) =−1.718

The root in (0,1). So x 0=0∧x 1=1

False position method.

x0 f 1−x 1 f 0
x 2=
f 1−f 0
 (0)(−1.718)−(1)(1)
x 2=
−1.718−1

x 2=0.3679

f ( x 2 ) =f ( 0.3679 )

f ( x 2 ) =cos x−x e x

f 2=0.46848

Since f ( 0.3679 ) , f ( 1 ) <0 ,the root lies in the internal (0.3679,1)

x2 f 1−x 1 f 2
x 3=
f 1−f 2

(0.3679)(−1.718)−(1)(0.46848)
x 3=
−1.718−0.46848

x 3=0.50335

f ( x 3 ) =f ( 0.50335 )

f ( x 3 ) =cos x−x e x

f 3=0.16729

Since f ( 0.50335 ) , f ( 1 ) <0 ,the root lies in the internal (0.50335,1)

x 3 f 1−x 1 f 3
x4 =
f 1−f 3

(0.50335)(−1.718)−(1)(0.16729)
x4 =
−1.718−0.16729

x 4 =0.54742

f ( x 4 )=f ( 0.54742 )

f ( x 4 )=cos x −x e x

f 4=0.05358

Since f ( 0.54742 ) , f ( 1 ) <0 ,the root lies in the internal (0.54742,1)

x 4 f 1−x 1 f 4
x 5=
f 1−f 4
 (0.54742)(−1.718)−(1)(0.05358)
x 5=
−1.718−0.05358

x 5=0.561108

f ( x 5 ) =f ( 0.561108 )

f ( x 5 ) =cos x−x e x

f 5=0.01655

Since f ( 0.561108 ) , f ( 1 )< 0 ,the root lies in the internal (0.561108,1)

x 5 f 1−x 1 f 5
x 6=
f 1−f 5

(0.561108 )(−1.718)−(1)(0.01655)
x 6=
−1.718−0.01655

x 6=0.56529

f ( x 6 ) =f ( 0.56529 )

f ( x 6 ) =cos x−x e x

f 6=0.005048

Since f ( 0.56529 ) , f ( 1 ) <0 ,the root lies in the internal (0.56529,1)

x 6 f 1−x 1 f 6
x 7=
f 1−f 6

(0.56529)(−1.718)−(1)( 0.005048)
x 7=
−1.718−0.005048

x 7=0.56657

|x 7−x 6|=0.56657−0.56529=0.00128
So, x ≈ x 7=0.56657 .
3 Perform four iterations of the Newton’s method to find the smallest positive root of the

equation f(x) = x3 – 5x + 1 = 0.

Answer:

f ( x )=x 3−5 x +1
 f ' ( x )=3 x 2−5

x 0=0

f ( 0 )=( 0)3 −5 ( 0 ) +1=1

f ' ( 0 ) =3(0)2−5=−5

1
Newton Raphson first iteration method x 1=0 — =0.2
5

x 1=0.2

|x 1−x 0|=0.2−0=0.2>1e-4
k = 1 for iteration 2 is

f (x 1 )
x 2=x 1−
f '( x 1 )

x 2=0.2−¿ ¿

|x 2−x 1|=0.20164−0.2=0.0016>1e-4
k = 2 for iteration 3 is

f ( x2 )
x 3=x 2−
f ' (x 2 )

x 2=0.20164−¿ ¿

Therefore the smallest root is x = 0.20164

4 Solve the system of equations

3x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 = 20

2x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 13

x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 6

using the Gauss elimination method.

Answer:

3 3 4 20

[ ][ ]
3 1 3 13
1 1 3 6
 R 1 ↔ R3

1 1 3 6
[ ][ ]
3 1 3 13
3 3 4 20

R1
R 2− ( )
5

1 1 3 6
[ 1.8 0.8 2.4 11.8
3 3 4 20 ][ ]
R 3− ( 10R )
1

1 1 3 6
[ 1.8 0.8 2.4 11.8
2.9 2.9 3.7 19.4 ][ ]
R2 ↔ R3

1 1 3 6
[ 2.9 2.9 3.7 19.4
1.8 0.8 2.4 11.8 ][ ]
3.2
R 3− ( 10.1 )R 2

1 1 3 6
[ 2.9 2.9 3.7 19.4
0 0 1 5.7 ][ ]
5.7
x 3= =5.7
1

19.4−1(5.7)
x 2= =4.724
2.9

x 1=6−1 ( 4.724 ) −3 (5.7 )=−15.824

5 Using the Gauss-Jordan method, find the inverse of

 2 2 3
 2 1 1
 
 1 3 5
Answer:

2 2 3

[ ] 2 1 1 ¿
1 3 5

R1 /2

1 1 3/2

[ 2 1 1 ¿
1 3 5 ]
R2−2 R1 , R 3−R1

1 1 3/2

[ 0 −1 −2 ¿
0 2 7/2 ]
R2 ↔ R3

1 1 3/2

[ 0 2 7/2 ¿
0 −1 −2 ]
R2 / ( 2 )

1 1 3 /2

[ 0 1 7/ 4 ¿
0 −1 −2 ]
R1−R 2 , R3 + R2

1 0 −1/ 4

[ 0 1 7 /4 ¿
0 0 −1/ 4 ]
R3 /(−1/4)

1 0 −1/ 4

[ 0 1 7 /4 ¿
0 0 1 ]
R1 +(1 /4)R 3 , R2−(7 /4) R 3

1 0 0

[ ] 0 1 0 ¿
0 0 1
 Therefore the inverse of the matrix is

2 −1 −1

[
−9 7
5 −4 −2
4
]
6 Solve the system of equations

26x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 = 12.6

3x1 + 27x2 + x3 = – 14.3

2x1 + 3x2 + 17x3 = 6.0

using the Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel iteration method. Obtain the result correct to three

decimal places.

1. Jacobi Method

1
x(k1 +1)= (12.6−(2 x(k) (k)
2 +2 x3 ))
26

1
x(k2 +1)= (−14.3−(3 x(k) (k )
1 + x 3 ))
27

1
x(k3 +1)= (6.0−(2 x(k) (k)
1 +3 x 2 ))
17

x(0) (0) (0)

1 =0 , x2 =0 , x 3 =0

First Iteration:

1
x(1)
1 = (12.6−(2( 0)+ 2(0)))=0.48 5
26

1
x(1)
2 = (−14.3−(3 (0)+(0)))=−0.52 0
27

1
x (31) = ( 6.0−( 2 ( 0 ) +3 ( 0 ) ) ) =0.353
17

Second Iteration:

1
x(2)
1 = (12.6−(2(−0.52 0)+2( 0.353)))=0 .498
26
 1
x(2)
2 = (−14.3−(3 (0.48 5)+(0 .353)))=−0.5 9 7
27

1
x (32 )= ( 6.0−( 2 ( 0.485 )+ 3 (−0.520 ) ) )=0.38 8
17

Third Iteration:

1
x(3)
1 = (12.6−(2(−0.59 7)+ 2(0.38 8)))=0.50 1
26

1
x(3)
2 = (−14.3−(3(0.49 8)+(0.3 88)))=−0.5 99
27

1
x (33 )= ( 6.0−( 2 ( 0.498 ) +3 (−0.59 7 ) ) ) =0 .399
17

Fourth Iteration:

1
x(41 )= (12.6−(2(−0.599)+2(0.399)))=0.5 00
26

1
x(42 )= (−14.3−(3(0.50 1)+(0 .399)))=−0.600
27

1
x (34 )= ( 6.0−( 2 ( 0 .50 1 ) +3 (−0.599 ) ) ) =0.3 99
17

Fifth Iteration:

1
x(5)
1 = (12.6−( 2(−0. 600)+2(0.3 99)))=0.500
26

1
x(5)
2 = (−14.3−( 3(0.500)+(0.399)))=¿-0.600
27

1
x (35 )= ( 6.0−( 2 ( 0.500 ) +3 (−0. 600 ) ) )=¿0.400
17

So I get x 1=0.5 , x 2=−0.6 , x3 =0.4

2. Gauss Seidel Method

1
x(k1 +1)= (12.6−(2 x(k) (k)
2 +2 x3 ))
26

1
x(k2 +1)= (−14.3−(3 x(k+1 )
1 + x (k)
3 ))
27
 1
x(k3 +1)= (6.0−(2 x(k+1)
1 +3 x(k2 +1)))
17

x(0) (0) (0)

1 =0 , x2 =0 , x 3 =0

First Iteration:

1
x(1)
1 = (12.6−(2( 0)+ 2(0)))=0.485
26

1
x(1)
2 = (−14.3−(3 (0.485)+(0)))=−0.5 84
27

1
x (31) = ( 6.0−( 2 ( 0.485 )+ 3 (−0.584 ) ) ) =0. 399
17

Second Iteration:

1
x(1)
1 = (12.6−(2(−0.584)+2(0.399)))=0.499
26

1
x(1)
2 = (−14.3−(3 (0.499)+(0.399)))=−0.615
27

1
x (31) = ( 6.0−( 2 ( 0.499 )+ 3 (−0.615 ) ) ) =0 .403
17

Third Iteration:

1
x(1)
1 = (12.6−(2(−0.615)+ 2(0.403)))=0 .501
26

1
x(1)
2 = (−14.3−(3 (0.501)+(0 .403)))=−0. 600
27

1
x (31) = ( 6.0−( 2 ( 0.501 ) +3 (−0.600 ) ) )=0 .399
17

Fourth Iteration:

1
x(1)
1 = (12.6−(2(−0.600)+ 2(0 .399)))=0. 500
26

1
x(1)
2 = (−14.3−(3 (0.500)+(0.399)))=−0.599
27

1
x (31) = ( 6.0−( 2 ( 0.500 ) +3 (−0.599 ) ) ) =0.399
17

Fifth Iteration:
 1
x(1)
1 = (12.6−(2(−0.599)+ 2(0 .399)))=0.500
26

1
x(1)
2 = (−14.3−(3 (0 .500)+(0 .399)))=−0. 599
27

1
x (31) = ( 6.0−( 2 ( 0.500 )+ 3 (−0.599 ) ) )=0.39 9
17

So I get x 1=0.5 , x 2=−0.6 , x3 =0.4