1.

State the major characteristics that differ between bryophytes, pteridophytes,

gymnosperms and angiosperms. (4 marks)

bryophytes pteridophytes gymnosperms angiosperms

Must live close to the Vascular plant that Cone-bearingplants Flowering plants and
ground because they live on land . and have naked seeds have seeds that ar
lack vascular tissue . on the surface of the enclosed within an
scales and / or leaves . ovary .

2. Compare between gymnosperms and angiosperms. (5 marks)

gymnosperms angiosperms
The seeds of angiosperms develop in the Gymnosperm seeds are usually formed in
ovaries of flowers and are surrounded by a unisexual cones, known as strobili, and the
protective fruit. plants lack fruits and flowers.

3. Compare between monocotyledons and dicotyledons. (5 marks)

Parameter Monocotyledon Dicotyledon

Meaning Plants with the seed having
only one cotyledon are called
as monocotyledons.
Flower parts Flower parts are present in
multiples of three.
Leaves The leaves are isobilateral.
Woody/Herbaceous Monocots are herbaceous.
Pollen Pollen tubes contain a single
pore or furrow (monocolpate).
Plants with the seed having
two cotyledons are called as
dicotyledons.
The flower parts are present in
multiples of four or five.
The leaves are dorsiventral.
Dicots are both woody as well
as herbaceous.
It has three or more pore or
furrow in the pollen tube
(tricolpate).