Course Guide Grammar Time of Work

UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA
VICERRECTORÍA ACADÉMICA
INSTITUTO INTERNACIONAL DE IDIOMAS
Guía para el desarrollo de clases virtuales
COURSE GUIDE GRAMMAR TIME OF WORK

English IV 3 TH/SH/CH pronunciation
Definite and non-definite articles. 8 hours
A / An / The /
Teacher: Mónica Patarroyo Fonseca
1. Objectives
 Practice the pronunciation of TH/SH/CH
 Differentiate the sounds TH/SH/CH
 Learn the use of A/AN/THE when writing
 Create and record short stories with excellent pronunciation and grammar
according to the topics learnt.
2. Presentation
Dear student, after developing this guide you will be able to recognize and pronounce
correctly the sounds TH/SH/CH. Also, you will be able to create stories using the definite
and non-definite articles accurately. These topics will help you to understand how to
improve your pronunciation as well as the right use of some specific grammar rules.
1. Read out loud these tongue twisters. How fast can you read them?
Cheerful children chant charming tunes.
She thinks the cheap sheep are surely not cheap.
The sheriff should shoot slowly.
Chester Cheetah chews a chunk of cheap cheddar cheese.

3. Appropriation. Check the PDF file and check the next link to learn the rules
pronunciation TH/SH/CH
After checking the link, reinforce what you have learnt by reading the next information.
Deck toys…
Sh /ʃ/
The 'sh sound' /ʃ/ is unvoiced (the vocal cords do not vibrate during its production.
To create the /ʃ/, air is forced between a wide groove in the center of the front of the
tongue and the back of the tooth ridge. The sides of the blade of the tongue may touch the
side teeth. The lips are kept slightly tense, and may protrude somewhat during the
production of the sound.
This sound is a continuous consonant, meaning that it should be capable of being

produced for a few seconds with even and smooth pronunciation for the entire duration.
ch / ʧ/
The 'ch sound' /ʧ/ is unvoiced (the vocal cords do not vibrate during its production), and is
the counterpart to the voiced 'j sound' /ʤ/.
To create the /ʧ/, air is briefly prevented from leaving the vocal tract when the tip of the
tongue presses against the back tooth ridge while the sides of the tongue press against
the upper side teeth. The sound is aspirated when the air is released with friction (similar
to the friction of a sh sound).
th /ð/ /θ/
There are no rules about when a word contains either a voiced th sound or a voiceless th
sound.
However, there are certain regularities that may help you. They can be categorised into
three groups: th at the beginning of a word, th in the middle of a word and th at the end of
a word.
1. Th at the beginning of a word:
In almost any case, the th is a voiceless /θ/ as in threat, thought, think, throw, ….
Function words usually begin with the voiced /ð/ as the pronouns they, them, their, the,
this, that, these, those and the adverbs and conjunctions then, there, than, thus, though,
therefore, thereby, thereafter, ….
2. Th in the middle of a word:
Most English words have a voiced /ð/ in the middle, when there is a th, as in either, father,
mother, brother, rather, further, together, weather, whether, ….
Most loan words have a voiceless /θ/ in the middle, when there is a th, as in cathedral,
enthusiasm, ethics, mathematics, lethal, method, mythical, ….
3. Th at the end of a word:
Nouns and adjectives usually end in a voiceless /θ/, when there is a th, as in bath, cloth,
breath, tooth, teeth, ….
Verbs usually end in a voiced /ð/, when there is a th, as in breathe, loathe, soothe, writhe,
….
The two letters t and h in combination (th) are very common in English. They represent
one of two different sounds:
the voiced dental fricative /ð/ (as in this)
the voiceless dental fricative /θ/ (as in thing)
4. Practice
1. Check the next links and follow the instructions.
https://deck.toys/zmq-vpkh-tmv
https://wordwall.net/es/resource/5794271/sh-ch-tch-sounds
https://wordwall.net/es/resource/3604160/reading/th-sh-ch-sentences
https://wordwall.net/es/resource/5239477/reading/picture-sort-ch-sh-th
2. Listen and circle the right word.

1.
2. 6.
sheep wash 10.
cheap watch shoe
chew
3. 7.
shop she's 11.
chop cheese shore
chore
4. 8.
ship sheet 12.
chip cheat shows
chose
5. 9.
cash share 13.
catch chair wish
which
3. Listen to the audio. Classify the next words into sh or ch sounds.
SH /ʃ/ WORDS CH /ʧ/

SHIN SHIN CHIN
CHIN
SHINE CHIME
CHIME
WASH WATCH
WATCH
CHANEL CHANEL
CHANNEL CHANNEL
CHIC CHIC CHEEK
CHEEK
4. Listen and write down the words you hear.

Them With that Brother rather Booth Wealthy Southern Breath Clothing Anything Bathroom method
Sympathy
________________________________________________________________________
Definite and non-definite articles A-AN-

THE
What is an article?
Articles ("a," "an," and "the") are determiners or noun markers that function to specify if the
noun is general or specific in its reference. Often the article chosen depends on if the
writer and the reader understand the reference of the noun. There are two types of
articles: definite (“the”) and indefinite (“a”, “an”).
Taken from: https://www.adelaide.edu.au/writingcentre
Let’s start with the definite article “THE”.
THE
The article "the" is a definite article. It is used to show specific reference and can be
used with both singular and plural nouns and with both countable and uncountable nouns.
The movie that I watched last night was terrifying. (In this sentence,
“movie” is a singular, countable, noun. It is also specific because of the
phrase “that I watched last night.” The writer and reader or the speaker
and listener know which movie is being referred to).
The books assigned for this class are useful. (In this sentence, "books" is a plural,
countable noun. It is also specific because of the phrase “for this class.” The writer and
reader or the speaker and listener know which books are being referred to).
"The" is used in the following categories of proper nouns:
Museums and art galleries: the Walker Art Center, the Minneapolis Institute of Art
Buildings: the Empire State Building, the Willis Tower

Seas and oceans: the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean
Rivers: the Mississippi, the Nile
Deserts: the Sahara Desert, the Sonora Desert
Periods and events in history: the Dark Ages, the Civil War
Bridges: the London Bridge, the Mackinac Bridge
Parts of a country: the South, the North, the Upper Midwest
In general, use "the" with plural proper nouns.
the Great Lakes
the French
the Rockies (as in the Rocky Mountains)
"The" is often used with proper nouns that include an “of” phrase.
the University of Minnesota
the International Swimming Hall of Fame
Use “the” with countries that include the words "republic", "kingdom",
or "states" in their names.
the United States
the Republic of Ireland
Use "the" when the noun being referred to is unique because of our understanding of
the world.
The Earth moves around the Sun.
Wolves howl at the moon.
Use "the" when a noun can be made specific from a previous mention in the text. This
is also known as second or subsequent mention.
My son bought a cat. I am looking after the cat while he is on vacation.
I read a good book. The book was about how to use articles correctly in English.
Do not use “the” with names of countries (except for the special cases
above).
Examples:
Germany is an important economic power.
He's just returned from Colombia.
Do not use “the” with the names of languages.
Examples:
French is spoken in Tahiti.
English uses many words of Latin origin.
Indonesian is a relatively new language.
Do not use “the” with the names of

meals.
Examples:
Lunch is my favorite meal.
I like to eat breakfast early.
Do not use “the” with people's names.
Examples:
John is coming over later.

Mary Carpenter is my boss.
Do not use “the” with titles when combined with

names.
Examples:
Prince Charles is Queen Elizabeth's son.
President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas.
Do not use “the” after the 's possessive case.
Examples:
His brother's car was stolen.
Peter's house is over there.
Do not use “the” with

professions.
Examples:
Engineering is a well-paid career.
He'll probably study medicine.
Do not use “the” with names of

Examples:
shops.
I'll get the card at Smith's.
Can you go to Boots for me?
Do not use “the” with years.
Examples:
1948 was a wonderful year.
He was born in 1995.
Do not use “the” with the names of individual mountains, lakes and islands.
Examples:
Mount McKinley is the highest mountain in Alaska.
She lives near Lake Windermere.
Have you visited Long Island?
Do not use “the” with most names of towns, streets, stations and
airports.
Examples:
Victoria Station is in the center of London.
Can you direct me to Bond Street?
She lives in Florence.
They're flying into Heathrow.
A/AN
The articles "a" and "an" are indefinite articles. They are used with a
singular countable noun when the noun referred to is nonspecific or
generic.
Take a look at the examples below:
I do not own a car. (In this sentence, "car" is a singular countable noun that is not
specific. It could be any car).
She would like to go to a university that specializes in teaching.

("University" is a singular countable noun. Although it begins with a vowel, the
first sound of the word is /j/ or “y.” Thus, "a" instead of "an" is used. In this
sentence, it is also generic; it could be any university with this specialization,
not a specific one).
Sometimes "a" or "an" can be used for first mention (the first time the noun is
mentioned). Then, in subsequent sentences, the article "the" is used instead.
He would like to live in a large house. The house should have at least three
bedrooms and two bathrooms. In the first sentence (first mention), "a" is used because
it is referring to a non-specified house. In the second sentence, "the" is used because now
the house has been specified.
Use “a/an” with names of

jobs.
Examples:
John is a doctor.
Mary is training to be an engineer.
He wants to be a dancer.
Use “a” with the names of days of the week when not referring to any particular day.
Examples:
I was born on a Thursday.
Could I come over on a Saturday sometime?
Use “a/an” to refer to an example of something.
Examples:
The mouse had a tiny nose.
The elephant had a long trunk.
It was a very strange car.
Use “a/an” with singular nouns after the words 'what' and 'such'.
Examples:
What a shame!
She's such a beautiful girl.
What a lovely day!
Use “a/an” meaning 'one', referring to a single object or person, or a single unit of
measure.
*In these sentences using "one" instead of the indefinite article is grammatically
correct. It will add emphasis to the number, and contrast with other numbers.
Examples:
I'd like an orange and two lemons please. - I'd like one orange and two lemons please.
The burglar took a diamond necklace and some valuable paintings.
I can think of a hundred reasons not to come.
I need a kilogram of sugar. - I need one kilogram of sugar.
You can't run a mile in 5 minutes!
Let’s finish this theoretical part, reviewing the use of no article.
NO ARTICLE
No article is used when a plural countable noun is generic or non-
specific.
Examples:
I bought new pens and pencils at the store. (general, not specific ones)
Cats have big eyes that can see in the dark. (cats in general, all of them)
Babies cry a lot. (babies in general, all of them)
No article is used when a non-count noun is generic or non-specific.

Examples:
I bought milk and rice at the store. (generic reference)
We were assigned homework in this class. (generic reference)
There has been previous research on the topic. (generic reference)
If you want to get more information about definite and indefinite

articles, click on the links below. You will find some videos concerning
this topic.
Definite article: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBxF4wlXR0c
Indefinite articles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LwqWULsgD0
No article: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CmpEX6ftYc
Definite and indefinite article: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyAde007llM
PRACTICE
READING. Read the text below and choose a/an/the to fill in the blanks. If there
should be no article, then place * in the blank.
Mr. Coleman was (1) _a___ very annoying person. He lived three (2) __x__ streets
away from us, in (3) __a__ small house with (4) __a__ beautiful garden. Having taken
early retirement from his (5) __x__ job as (6) __a__ button counter, he had plenty of
time to worry, and this he did very successfully. He often spent sleepless nights trying
to figure out how he could successfully cook both sides of (7) __an__ omelette without
it breaking, or how he might achieve better access to (8) _the___ tins at (9) _the___
back of his cupboard. (10) __x__ most of his home was exceptionally neat and tidy, but
several loose cables behind (11) __the__ television set bothered him, and he never quite
knew what to do with (12) __the__ empty plastic bags.
Fill in the article a, an or the where necessary. Mark x where no article is used.
1. What do you usually have for __x__ dinner?

2. My dad is _a___ very careful driver. He never exceeds __the__ speed limit.
3. Mr. Davis has been __an__ accountant for __a__ year.
4. ‘How much are __the__ bananas?’ ‘They are 90 cents _the___ kilo.’
5. ‘Where have you been?’ ‘I’ve been to __the__ school.’
6. Drinking ___x_ milk with _x___ honey and __a__ lot of lemon juice is good for __the__
sore throat.
7. My brother works in __an__ office. __the__ office is just around __the__ corner.
8. Tom was so thirsty that he drank __the__ whole bottle of mineral water.
9. We’ve never been to ____ Paris before. It’s __the__ first time we’re visiting ____
France.
10. Listen! Jane is playing ___x_ flute. She is __a__ very talented person
JHBJ
Practice the pronunciation
Write your own story and record yourself reading it with the correct pronunciation. Don’t
forget to use the articles A-AN-THE. Inlcude the next list of words, too.
sheep wash shoe

cheap watch chew
shop sheet shows
chop cheat wish
cash share witch
catch chair
https://es.slideshare.net/shelliroo/definite-and-indefinite-articles
https://es.slideshare.net/ahmetmesutates/articles-definite-and-indefinite-articles-in-
use
REFERENCES
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/
https://www.adelaide.edu.au/writingcentre
https://education.seattlepi.com/
https://www.ef.com/ca/english-resources/english-grammar
https://www.adelaide.edu.au/writingcentre
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBxF4wlXR0c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LwqWULsgD0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CmpEX6ftYc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyAde007llM
https://pronuncian.com/pronounce-sh-sound
https://www.learning-english-online.net/pronunciation/the-english-th/
https://pronuncian.com/pronounce-ch-sound
https://www.passporttoenglish.com/Beginning-English/Lesson3/Pronunciation.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dz7FHvzaItE
https://www.passporttoenglish.com/Beginning-English/Lesson3/Pronunciation.html

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UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA

COURSE GUIDE GRAMMAR TIME OF WORK

Teacher: Mónica Patarroyo Fonseca

Cheerful children chant charming tunes.

She thinks the cheap sheep are surely not cheap.

The sheriff should shoot slowly.

Chester Cheetah chews a chunk of cheap cheddar cheese.

This sound is a continuous consonant, meaning that it should be capable of being

1. Th at the beginning of a word:

2. Th in the middle of a word:

3. Th at the end of a word:

the voiced dental fricative /ð/ (as in this)

the voiceless dental fricative /θ/ (as in thing)

1. Check the next links and follow the instructions.

2. Listen and circle the right word.

3. Listen to the audio. Classify the next words into sh or ch sounds.

SH /ʃ/ WORDS CH /ʧ/

4. Listen and write down the words you hear.

Definite and non-definite articles A-AN-

Taken from: https://www.adelaide.edu.au/writingcentre

Let’s start with the definite article “THE”.

"The" is used in the following categories of proper nouns:

Buildings: the Empire State Building, the Willis Tower

Seas and oceans: the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean

Rivers: the Mississippi, the Nile

Deserts: the Sahara Desert, the Sonora Desert

Bridges: the London Bridge, the Mackinac Bridge

Parts of a country: the South, the North, the Upper Midwest

In general, use "the" with plural proper nouns.

the Great Lakes

the Rockies (as in the Rocky Mountains)

the University of Minnesota

the International Swimming Hall of Fame

the Republic of Ireland

The Earth moves around the Sun.

Wolves howl at the moon.

My son bought a cat. I am looking after the cat while he is on vacation.

Germany is an important economic power.

He's just returned from Colombia.

Do not use “the” with the names of languages.

French is spoken in Tahiti.

English uses many words of Latin origin.

Indonesian is a relatively new language.

Do not use “the” with the names of

Lunch is my favorite meal.

I like to eat breakfast early.

Do not use “the” with people's names.

John is coming over later.

Mary Carpenter is my boss.

Do not use “the” with titles when combined with

Prince Charles is Queen Elizabeth's son.

President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas.

Do not use “the” after the 's possessive case.

His brother's car was stolen.

Peter's house is over there.

Do not use “the” with

Engineering is a well-paid career.

He'll probably study medicine.

Do not use “the” with names of

Can you go to Boots for me?

Do not use “the” with years.

1948 was a wonderful year.

1. What do you usually have for x dinner?