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ez, GV. TRUONG THPT CHUYEN NGUYEN BINH KHIEM (tinh QUANG NAM) yy, DOT PIADMCRO = BOI DUGNG HOC SINH a a ©BO! DUONG HOC SINH GIO! B © TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHO (0 A)(0 +2)..(2n) =)! 1.3.6...(2n —1))(2.4.6...2n) = nl t - 1.3.5...[20—1).2.07 =1.35...(20-1).2" Boas 2 \(n+1)(n +2)...(2n) VAN PHU QUOC (GV. TRUONG THPT CHUYEN NGUYEN BINH KHIEM (tinh QUANG NAM) DOT PHA DINH CAO BOI DUGNG HOC SINH GIO! CHUYEN DE sO HOG BOI DUGNG HOC SINH GIO1 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHO HOC SINH VA GIAO VIEN (GesNHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI LOI NOI DAU S8 hoc IA mét phan nhanh todn hoe lau ddi nhat va so c4p nhat, duge hau hét moi ngudi thudng xuyén sir dung tir nhimg cong vide thudng Nhat cho déh cdc tinh toan khoa hge va kinh doanh cao cap qua cac phép tinh cong, tra, nhan, chia. Ngudi ta thudng ding thu hoc chti trong dé Nhéng nha‘toan hoc adi khi ding chit at ngir nay dé chi mét phan nhanh todn cae thudc tinh so cap cua mét sé phép tinh trén cdc con i dé mon ly & hye (cao ‘p) dé nh thuyét s6, nhung khdng nén nham ly thuyét nay ydi sd’ hye so cap. Céc ngdn ngit str dung tay vung gdc Han khdc lai goi mén nay 1a toda thudt; ti sd hoc lai dug diing dé goi mén hoc ma ngudi Viet goi 1a todin hoc. Nhim gitip cho cac em hoe sinh chuyén Toan, cac gido vién day chuyén Toan va cdc hge vién cao hgc chuyén aganh phuong phap todn so cp c6 thém mét tai ligu sé’ hoc dé tham khao trong qua trinh hoc tap, gidng day va nghién ctru t6i manh dan viét cuén sach nay. Trong cudn sach cé trinh bay day du cae van dé s6 hoc tir co ban cho déh nang cao, Mi chong sdch dugc chia ra lam nhigu chuyén dé hét strc da dang va phong phu. Mdi chuyén dé la hé théng ly thayét durgc chting minh, giai thich, lay vi dy minh hoa rat rd rang. Hon nita, t va can i mt cdch chi t cudc thi Toan quée hé théng bai tap trong sdch duge trinh bay Idi gi than; trong d6 cé rat nhiéu bai toan sé’ hoc duge trich ti cdc gia clia cdc nude, cac ky yeu Olympic toan hgc cia ban té chtic toan quéde te’ va cac tap chi Toan hoc néi tiéng thé gidi nh Kvant, Crux, AMM, KéMaL, Gazeta Cudn sach duge viét lan dau v6i tuéi ddi con non tré cua tac gid nén khong thé tranh khdi nhiing sai sot, manh dan déng gép y kiéh dé nhémg lan tdi ban sAp dén cuén sdch sé duge it mong ban doc tir khdp moi mién dat nudc hoan thién. VAN PHU QUOC Moi ban vao true tuyén tai: khangvietbook.com.vn dé c6 thé cp nhat va mua online m6t cach nhanh chéng, thudn tign nhat cac twa sich cia Cong ty Khang Viét phat hanh. (Cty TNHH MTV DYVH Khang Viét G Ghueng a TINH CHIA HET (DIVISIBILITY) CHUYEN DE 1.1: PHEP CHIA TRONG TAP HOP CAC SO NGUYEN 1. COSO LY THUYET 1, Dinh nghia vé chia hét Cho cac s6 nguyén ava b, a # 0, ta noi ring a chia hét b hode a 1a mot woe sd clia b néu b = ac Adi vdi moi sO nguyéne, ky higu alb.Ta cing ndi ring b chia hét cho « hoae b la mot bdi sé cia w, ky higu bia. Vi 0 = @.0 nén al0 voi moi sé nguyén a # 0. 2. Tinh chat (Properties) Va,bod © Z ta cd: b vab #0 thi fal < [5 2.1. Néu al Chitng minh (Proof): alb => 3q€ Z:b =aq.Do b #0 nén gq #0. Tw dé al(ab + BC) 2.2. Néu alb va ale thi alab + Be vdi moi sO nguyén af; Ching minh: Vi alb va ale nén tén tai q,q' € Z sao cho b = age = ad. Khi dé ab + Be = aug + fag! = a(aq + By'), Va, 8 € Z. Didu nay dong nghia véi al(ab + BC). 2.3. Néu alb va alb +e thi a Ching minh: * vi ab va alb +¢ nén tén tai g,q' € Z sao cho b = ag va b+c = ay. Khi dé: ¢ = ay’ ~b = aq! — ag = a(q'—4) nghia la afc. * Vialb va ulb—c nén tn tai yg © Z sao cho b = aq va b—c = ay’ Khi dé: ¢ = 6 ~ aq’ = aq —aq' = a(q—4') nghia la alc. ae REO 8 SB Ere ogee chuyén dé S6 hoc— Van Pho Quéc | 2.4, ala (phan xa/reflexivity); Ching minh: Dé thay a = 1a, do dé ala. 2.5. Néu alb va dle thi a c (bac cau/transitivity); Chitng minh: Vi alb va dle nén tén tai g.q' € Z sao cho b = aq va ¢ = by’. Khi d6 ¢ = agg’. Diéu nay 6 nghia la alc. 2.6. N&u alb va bla thi la I. Ching minh: Vi alb va dja nén tdn tai q.q' € Z sao cho b = ay va a = bq’. Khi dé a = agg’. Vi a # 0 néngq’ = 1 = [al l|=1=> bd =| Suy ra |al = b|. 2.7. Néu alb va eld thi aclbd. Chuing minh: Vi alb va old nén tén tai q,q’ € Z sao cho b= aq, d = cq’ => bd = acqq'. Do dé ac|bd. 3. Dinh ly (Theorem) . Voi bat ki cic so’ nguyén diong ava b t6n tai duy nhat Inét clip s& nguyén khéng am (a r) sao cho b =aq+1,7 b thig=0 var=bb. Goi ¢ 1a so nguyén duong nhé nhat sao cho (q+ 1)a>b. Th® thi qasb. Dat vr =b—aq.Suy rab =aytr va0Sr

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