Unit1 Mechanics Classified Questions

Name: _______________________________________________
UNIT 1
MECHANICS
Date:
Time:
Total marks available:
Total marks achieved: ______
Phone# 00966595170849
Nauman Ali (IGCSE-A Level Physics Teacher)
Questions
Q1.
A student used a falling sphere to determine the acceleration of free fall.
A camera produced images of the sphere at constant time intervals as it fell.
The positions of the sphere in the first two images are shown. Image 1 shows the sphere's
position at the instant it was released.
Which of the positions P, Q, R or S will the sphere be at in Image 3?
(1)
A P
B Q
C R
D S
(Total for question = 1 mark)
Q2.
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change your
mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer
with a cross .
A student walked 12 km on a bearing of 135° and then walked 20 km on a bearing of

340° as shown.
cm
6.3
6.25
0 cm
3.
72
cm
Which of the following could represent the final displacement of the student from his
starting point?
Q3.
with a cross .
A cylinder of aluminium has a weight of 35.0 N and a volume of 1.32 × 10−3 m3 .

Which of the following calculations gives the density of aluminium in kg m−3 ?
Q4.
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change
your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .
A lamp with an efficiency of 0.68 usefully transfers 120 J of energy.
Which of the following can be used to determine E, the energy supplied to the lamp?
Q5.
The steps on an escalator move with a speed of 0.5 m s−1. The vertical component of their
velocity is 0.3 m s−1 upwards.
Which of the following is the horizontal component of velocity for the escalator steps?
(1)
A 0.2 m s−1
B 0.4 m s−1
C 0.5 m s−1
D 0.8 m s−1
Q6.
with a cross .
A ball rolls off a table with a horizontal velocity of 1.2 m s−1. The ball takes 0.9 s to reach
the ground and lands a distance s from the table as shown.
Which of the following expressions could be used to determine the value of s in metres?
Q7.
A car is moving towards a stop sign at a speed of 25 m s−1. The driver applies the brakes 20 m
before the sign and decelerates uniformly to rest just before the sign.
Which of the following gives the magnitude of the car's deceleration in m s−2?
Q8.
A locomotive pulls a train at constant speed against a force of 8 400 kN. The output power of the
locomotive is 70 MW.
Which of the following gives the time in seconds for the locomotive to pull the train a distance of
1 km?
Q9.
with a cross .
A water pump causes 200 g of water to be ejected from the nozzle of a garden hose each
second at a velocity of 3 m s−1.
Which of the following expressions could be used to determine the minimum output power
in watts required from the pump?

Q10.
The area under each of the following graphs represents a physical quantity.
For which graph is the area under the graph not equal to work done?
Q11.
An electric pump lifts water from a well through a height of 10 m at a rate of 4 kg s−1.
The water leaves the pump with a velocity of 5 m s−1 as shown.
Which of the following expressions could be used to determine the minimum power output of the
pump in watts?

Q12.
The diagrams below show the velocity of an object before and after a force is applied.
The magnitude of the velocity did not change.
Which of the following arrows represents the direction of the change in velocity?
Q13.
Which of the following quantities has the SI base units kg m2 s−3?
A force
B momentum
C power
D work done
Q14.
A student used a falling sphere to determine the acceleration of free-fall g. The sphere was
released from rest.
Which two quantities would require the fewest measurements to be taken in order to determine
g?
A displacement and initial velocity
B displacement and time
C final velocity and displacement
D final velocity and time
Q15.
with a cross .
A hydroelectric power station has an efficiency of 32%. In one hour the useful energy output of
the power station
is 1.2 × 1013 J.
Which of the following expressions gives the total power input to the power station in watts?
Q16.
A ball is travelling horizontally at a speed of 7.0 m s−1. The ball hits a vertical wall and rebounds
along its initial path at a speed of 5.0 m s−1.
The ball has an acceleration of 300 m s−2 while in contact with the wall.
Which of the following expressions gives the time of contact t between the ball and the wall?
Q17.
with a cross .
Quantities in physics are classified as either vectors or scalars.
Which of the following units could only be used for a scalar quantity?
A m s−1
B m s−2
C kg m s−2
D kg m−3
Q18.
Two forces P and Q act on an object as shown.
Which of the following is a correctly drawn, scaled, vector diagram for the resultant R of forces P
and Q?
A
Q19.
The diagram shows a roller coaster. A roller coaster car stops momentarily at P before
descending towards Q.
Which of the following expressions could be used to determine the velocity of the roller coaster
car at Q?
Q20.
Two objects P and Q are at the same position at time t = 0 s. The graphs show how the velocity v
varies with time t for each object.
Which of the following statements describes the positions of P and Q at t = 4 s?
A P and Q are both at the initial position.
B P and Q are the same distance from the initial position.
C P is further from the initial position than Q.
D Q is further from the initial position than P.

Q21.
A motor with an efficiency of 68% is used to raise a load of 350 N through a height of 25 m.
Which of the following expressions gives the energy supplied to the motor?
Q22.
A trolley accelerates from rest at point A, down a straight track to point B. The trolley then
continues along a horizontal track to point C, as shown.
The effects of air resistance and friction are negligible.

(a) Show that the trolley reaches point B with a speed of about 3 m s−1 .
(3)
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(b) Determine the time taken by the object to move from point A to point C.
(4)
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Time taken = ...........................................................
(Total for question = 7 marks)
Q23.
The luge is an event at the Winter Olympics. An athlete lies on a small sledge and races down an
icy track, feet first.
(a) An athlete accelerates down a straight section of the track as shown. The track is at an angle
θ to the horizontal.
Draw a free-body force diagram for the sledge and athlete.

You should consider the relative sizes of the forces when drawing your diagram.
(4)
(b) The mass of the athlete is one of the factors that affects her time to complete the race.
(i) Explain why the mass of the athlete has little effect on the initial acceleration.
(3)
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(ii) Explain, in terms of forces, why the athlete reaches a maximum velocity.
(3)
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(iii) It is stated that the maximum speed is greater for athletes of greater mass.
Suggest why this is only correct up to a certain mass.
(2)
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(c) After the finish line there is a straight, uphill section of track for the sledge to decelerate in.
The maximum permitted gradient of this section is 20 %.
(i) Show that a track with a gradient of 20% is at an angle to the horizontal of about 11°.
(1)
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(ii) An athlete reaches the finish line at a velocity of 33 m s−1. She then applies a minimum
braking force of 240 N as she moves along the uphill section of track to help her come to a stop.
Calculate the minimum uphill length of track L that should be available for braking. You should
ignore all frictional forces other than those applied by the athlete.
mass of sledge and athlete = 95 kg
(5)
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L = ...........................................................
Q24.
The photograph shows a fireboat used to put out fires on ships at sea. A pump, fixed
to the boat, pumps water from the sea. The seawater is projected at high speed out of a
pipe connected to the pump.
(a) The mass of seawater pumped each second is 300 kg. The pipe has a diameter of 10.0 cm.
density of seawater = 1030 kg m−3
(i) Show that the speed at which the seawater is projected from the pipe is about 37 m s−1.
(4)
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(ii) Determine the rate at which the momentum of the seawater is changed by the pump.
You may assume that the seawater is initially stationary.
(2)
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Rate of change of momentum = ...........................................................
(b) Projecting water from the pipe causes a force to be exerted on the pump.
Explain the direction of the force on the pump.
(2)
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(c) Initially the pump is turned off and the fireboat moves forwards through the water at a
constant speed. The boat's
engine provides a constant forward force.
When the pump is turned on, water is projected forwards and the fireboat slows to a
lower constant speed.
Explain why the boat now has a lower constant speed.

Your answer should refer to all the horizontal forces on the boat.
(3)
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Q25.
Machines make work easier by changing the size or direction of a force. A student
designed a simple machine to lift a box of mass 50 kg. The student claimed the
efficiency of the machine was greater than 90%.
The machine used a slope of height 2.0 m and length 15 m to move the box. The box was
connected to an 8.0 kg mass by a rope over a pulley as shown. As the 8.0 kg mass fell, the
box moved up the slope at a steady speed.
Determine whether the maximum efficiency of the machine was greater than 90%.
(4)
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Q26.
A swimmer swims a 100 m race. A simplified displacement-time graph for the swimmer
is shown.
(a) Draw a corresponding velocity-time graph for the motion of the swimmer on the axes below.
Show all working in the space below.
(4)
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(b) To increase her initial speed, the swimmer began the race by gliding underwater
for 15 m and then began to use her arms and legs. This was not represented on the
simplified displacement-time graph.
(i) Sketch onto the axes below to show the actual variation of displacement with
time for the first 15 m of the race.
(2)
(ii) Explain one other way in which the motion of the swimmer has been simplified
when drawing the displacement-time graph.
(2)
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Q27.
A student set up the apparatus shown.
(a) When released from a height h, trolley A ran down the slope and then continued to move
horizontally. On the horizontal part of the track a frictional force F brought the trolley to rest over
a short distance d. The trolley has a mass m. The student measured d for a range of heights h.
The student plotted the following graph of d against h.
Derive an expression for the gradient of the graph, in terms of F, m and g.
(2)
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(b) In a second experiment, an identical trolley B was placed at rest at the bottom of the slope.
When trolley A was released as before, it rolled down and collided with trolley B. After the
collision the two trolleys joined together and moved off to the right with a velocity v.
The student predicted that, provided friction was ignored,
.
Assess whether the student was correct.
(4)
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Q28.
A uniform, horizontal flagpole is connected by a hinge to a wall at position O. An aluminium wire

connects the pole to the wall at A, as shown.
(a) A free-body force diagram for the flagpole is shown below.
Identify the forces X, Y and Z.
(3)
X ..........................................................................................................................................
Y ..........................................................................................................................................
Z ..........................................................................................................................................
(b) The aluminium wire will break if the tension in the wire exceeds 350 N.
The wire is attached to the flagpole at B, 0.8 m from the wall.
The wire is at an angle of 20° to the flagpole.
Assess whether the wire will break. You should use the principle of moments, taking moments
about O.
length of flagpole = 1.2 m
mass of flagpole and flag = 15 kg
(3)
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Q29.
A book of length l and weight W is positioned on a shelf as shown.
(a) State what is meant by centre of gravity.
(1)
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(b) There are contact forces at the two positions where the book touches the shelf.
The book is moved a distance x to the right as shown.

The magnitude of the contact force R varies with x.
Sketch on the axes below the variation of R with x between 0 and

. You should mark the
maximum value of R onto the axes.
(3)
(c) Explain why the book will not remain on the shelf if
(2)
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Q30.
A student used the apparatus shown to investigate the forces acting on a uniform, solid sphere
placed in water.
(a) Draw a free-body force diagram for the sphere when it is suspended in water as shown.
(3)
(b) As the sphere was lowered into the water, the reading on the balance increased from 315 g
to 465 g as shown.
(i) Explain the increase in the reading on the balance. Your answer should include a reference to
Newton's third law.
(3)
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(ii) Determine the mass of the sphere.
density of water = 1000 kg m−3

density of sphere = 2000 kg m−3
(4)
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Mass of sphere = ...........................................................
(iii) The water was replaced with the same mass of oil and the experiment repeated.
The density of the oil is less than the density of water.
Explain what happens to the final reading on the balance.
(2)
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Q31.
A distress flare may be launched from a boat, to signal for help.
(a) A flare was launched from a stationary boat at an angle of 30° to the horizontal.
(i) The flare was launched to the right from the launch position marked × on the boat in the
diagram below.
Complete the diagram to show the path taken by the flare before it hit the sea.
(1)
(ii) The maximum height of the flare above the launch position was 42 m.
Show that the flare was launched at a speed of about 60 m s−1.
(3)
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(iii) The flare was visible from a maximum distance of 8 km. A rescue boat was 8.2 km from the
boat in distress.
Determine whether the flare travelled a sufficient distance to be visible from the rescue boat.
You should assume that the flare was launched in the direction of the rescue boat.
(4)
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(b) State one assumption you made in (a)(iii).
(1)
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Q32.
A student carried out an experiment to measure the acceleration of free-fall g.
A ball bearing was released from position A. The time t for the ball bearing to fall a distance l
was measured. This was repeated for decreasing values of l.
Explain how the measurements obtained can be used to determine a value for g in m s−2.
Your answer should include a sketch on the axes below of the graph that the student would
expect to obtain.
(5)
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Q33.
Every litre of fuel used in a car engine releases 32 MJ of energy. During one journey the car used
65 litres of fuel. The car journey lasted 8 hours.
(a) Show that the average power input to the engine was about 70 kW.
(2)
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(b) The car travelled a total distance of 730 km during the journey.
The average force of the engine was 2.1 kN.
Show that the average power output of the engine was about 50 kW.
(3)
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(c) Determine the efficiency of the engine.
(2)
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Efficiency of engine = ...........................................................
Q34.
In 2016, the European Space Agency sent the Schiaparelli probe to Mars.
As the probe approached the surface of Mars, with a vertical velocity component of 460 m s–1, a
parachute was opened to reduce the speed of the probe. Once the vertical velocity of the probe
had reduced to 75 m s–1, the parachute was removed and the thrusters were switched on.
Due to an error the thrusters were switched off too soon, leaving the probe to 'free fall' to the
surface of Mars.
(a) The parachute was used over a decrease in height of 9.7 km.
(i) Show that the average vertical deceleration of the probe due to the parachute was about 11
m s–2.
(2)
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(ii) The parachute was at an angle to the vertical as shown.
The total resistive force acting on the parachute and probe was at an average angle of 6° to the
vertical.
Calculate the magnitude of the average total resistive force. You may neglect the mass of the
parachute.
mass of probe = 600 kg

gravitational field strength on Mars = 3.8 N kg–1
(3)
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Average total resistive force = ...........................................................

(b) The probe was in 'free fall' from a height of 3.7 km, reaching the surface of Mars with a
velocity of 150 m s–1.
Explain whether the term 'free fall' is correct in this context.

Your answer should include a calculation.
gravitational field strength on Mars = 3.8 N kg–1
(6)
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Q35.
A pulley system is used to lift a 5.00 kN load through a height of 1.50 m. The system consists of
one fixed pulley and the other pulley can move. The pulleys are connected by a nylon rope, as
shown.
The nylon rope will stretch when it is used in this way. The weight of the pulleys and the rope
can be ignored, and you may assume that there is no friction in the pulleys.
The properties of the nylon rope are:
Young modulus of nylon 2.70 GPa
overall length of rope before adding the load 6.00 m
area of cross-section 3.00 × 10−4 m2
(a) The greater the length of a rope, the smaller the stiffness of the rope.
Explain why.
(2)
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(b) (i) Show that the stiffness k of the nylon rope is about 1.4 × 105 N m−1.
(3)
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(ii) The pulley system lifts the 5.00 kN weight at a steady rate.
Determine the extension of the rope while the lift is taking place.
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Extension of rope = ...........................................................
(iii) Calculate the work done in stretching the rope.
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Work done in stretching rope = ...........................................................
(c) Assess whether the stretching of the rope has a significant effect on the efficiency of the
pulley system.
(2)
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Q36.
A dragster is a racing car designed for a very short race along a completely straight track, so
must be able to accelerate at a very high rate. The dragster and driver shown below have a
combined weight of 1.23 × 104 N. The centre of gravity is 1.80 m in front of the rear axle.
The front axle of the dragster is 6.00 m from the rear axle.
(a) Calculate the reaction forces R1 and R2, shown on the diagram, when the dragster is
stationary and not accelerating.
(3)
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R1 = ...........................................................
R2 = ...........................................................
(b) When the dragster starts, there is a driving force that gives the dragster an initial forward
acceleration of 5.50 g.
Calculate the initial driving force on the dragster.
(2)
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Initial driving force = ...........................................................
(c) The power from the car's engine is constant.
Explain how the force from the engine varies as the car accelerates.
(2)
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Q37.
A uniform plank of length 4.0 m is pivoted 0.90 m from one end. The weight of the plank is 250
N. A person of weight 950 N stands at one end of the plank. A person of weight 650 N stands a
distance x from the pivot so that the plank is in equilibrium, as shown.
(a) Add to the diagram to show the forces acting on the plank.
(2)
(b) Calculate the distance x.

(3)
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x = ...........................................................
Q38.
A rugby player kicks a ball off the ground at an angle of 35.0° to the horizontal as
shown. The ball reaches a maximum height of 5.0 m before returning to the ground.
(a) Show that the initial speed of the ball is about 17 m s−1.
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(b) After travelling a horizontal distance of 22.0 m the ball reaches the goal.
To score, the ball must be more than 3.00 m above the ground when it reaches the goal.
Deduce whether an initial speed of 17.0 m s−1 is sufficient to score.
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Q39.
Moving walkways are often found in airports. One moving walkway carries passengers up an
incline of 30°, as shown.
(a) A single passenger of mass 72 kg stands on the walkway.

The speed of the walkway is 0.51 m s−1.
Show that the rate at which the walkway does work on the passenger is about 200 W.
(3)
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(b) The walkway system has an efficiency of 78%.
Calculate the power input to the system when 15 passengers of average mass 72 kg
are standing on the walkway.
(3)
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Power input = ...........................................................

Q40.
A skier moving at 25 m s−1 skis off a ramp. The ramp is angled upwards at 10° to the horizontal,
as shown.
There is a flat surface that starts 30 m from the ramp. The flat surface is 2.9 m below the ramp.
(a) Deduce whether the skier reaches the flat surface before landing. You may ignore any
effects of air resistance.
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(b) Another skier travels along the horizontal surface with an initial speed of 23 m s−1 .
She comes to rest after travelling a distance of 43 m.
Calculate the average force required to bring the skier to rest.
mass of skier = 63 kg
(3)
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Average force = ...........................................................
Q41.
Popcorn kernels contain water. When heated, the water turns to steam. The kernel 'pops' and
moves upwards.
(a) The photographs above show a popcorn kernel just before popping and at the maximum
height after popping. The time between the two photographs was 83 ms.
(i) Determine the maximum height after popping.
(2)
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Maximum height = ...........................................................
(ii) Calculate the initial speed of the 'popped' popcorn kernel.
(3)
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Initial speed = ...........................................................
(b) The average water content in a popcorn kernel is 14% of the total mass of the kernel.
A kernel is heated until it pops. Steam is ejected downwards, and the popped kernel moves
upwards with an initial speed of 1.5 m s−1.
Calculate the speed at which the steam is ejected.
total mass of unpopped kernel = 0.11 g
(4)
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Speed = ...........................................................
Q42.
Muscles move body parts by contracting and relaxing. For the forearm to hold a ball in the
position shown, the biceps muscle contracts, creating a tension T in the muscle as shown.
A student modelled the forces on the forearm using a uniform beam and spring arrangement
as shown below. The length and weight of the beam were the same as the length and weight
of the forearm.
(a) It can be assumed that the biceps muscle acts as a spring at an angle of 70° to the
beam, 4.0 cm from the pivot O.

Determine the magnitude of T. You will need to estimate the total length of the forearm
and hand.
force of ball on beam = 4.5 N

weight of beam = 15 N
(5)
Estimate of total length of forearm and hand = ...........................................................
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T = ...........................................................
(b) Explain a limitation of using a beam to model the forearm.
(2)
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Q43.
A railway carriage of mass 7.15 × 104 kg moving at 4.50 m s−1 collides with a second railway
carriage of
mass 5.35 × 104 kg moving in the same direction.
The carriages join together. Immediately after the collision they move at a speed of 3.62 m s−1 .
(a) Show that the total momentum of the carriages immediately after the collision was
approximately 4.5 × 105 kg m s−1.
(2)
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(b) Calculate the velocity of the second carriage before the collision.
(2)
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Velocity of second carriage = ...........................................................
(c) Calculate the change in total kinetic energy during the collision.
(2)
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Change in total kinetic energy = ...........................................................
Q44.
A firework is launched into the air and explodes once it reaches a maximum height.
(a) The firework is designed to explode at a maximum height of 350 m.
(i) Show that the vertical component of the velocity at launch is about 80 m s−1.
(2)
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(ii) The vertical component of the velocity at launch depends on both the initial velocity of
the firework and θ, the angle between the initial velocity and the horizontal.
Sketch a graph showing how the initial velocity required for the firework to reach
the maximum height of 350 m varies with θ for the firework.
(4)
(b) A student wanted to estimate the maximum diameter of the firework after exploding.
The student estimated:
the time taken between seeing the firework explode and hearing the firework explode
the angle from the top to the bottom of the firework
Describe how the student could determine the maximum diameter of the exploded
firework using the estimated data.
(2)
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Q45.
A game is played where each player must use a 'mallet' to hit a disc across a table into the
opponent's goal.
One player accidentally lets go of a mallet. The mallet travels at a speed of 1.6 m s−1 and
collides with a stationary disc.
After the collision, the mallet continues in the same direction at a lower speed of 0.3 m s−1. The
disc moves in the same direction as the mallet with a velocity v, as shown.
(a) Calculate a value for v.
Assume that frictional forces are negligible.
mass of disc = 0.035 kg

mass of mallet = 0.17 kg
(3)
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v = ...........................................................
(b) To reach the goal, the disc must move up a ramp which is at an angle of 30° to the
horizontal.
The velocity of the disc at the bottom of the ramp is 5.0 m s−1. The disc moves up the ramp and
work is done by the disc against the frictional force. The disc moves a distance of 6.5 cm up the
ramp before moving back down.
Determine the frictional force acting on the disc.
(6)
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Frictional force = ...........................................................
Q46.
The photograph shows an area of land where golfers can practise their golf shots.
Distances are marked out along the land in front of where the golfer stands, to measure the
distance travelled by the ball.
Two levels are available. If the lower level is used, the ball lands at the same height from which
it was hit. If the higher level is used, this enables the ball to be hit further.
(a) A ball is given an initial velocity of 33 m s−1 at an angle of 28° to the horizontal.
When hit from the lower level, this ball travels a horizontal distance of 92 m before landing. Use
of the higher level increases the horizontal distance travelled before landing by 10 m.
Deduce whether an upper level at a height of 4.5 m would be sufficient to produce this increase.
You should ignore air resistance.
(5)
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* (b) Your answer to part (a) did not consider the effect of air resistance.
The trajectories of the motion of the golf ball with air resistance and without air resistance are
shown.
Explain the differences between the two paths.
(6)
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Q47.
A ball falls through a vertical height of 0.60 m before bouncing at point A on a ramp, as shown.
(a) Show that the velocity of the ball immediately before the bounce is about 3 m s−1.
(2)
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(b) Kinetic energy is conserved as the ball bounces off the ramp. The ball bounces at an angle of
70° to the vertical.
State expressions for the horizontal and vertical components of velocity of the ball immediately
after the bounce.
(2)
Horizontal component = ...........................................................
Vertical component = ...........................................................
(c) Point A is 0.86 m vertically above the ground and 1.23 m horizontally from the end of the
ramp as shown.
Deduce whether the ball will bounce a second time on the ramp.
(4)
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Q48.
The velocity-time graph for a car for the first part of a journey is shown.
(a) As the velocity of the car increased, the driver changed gear. Each change in gear produced
a small decrease in velocity.
(i) State how the graph shows that in 3rd gear the car has a smaller acceleration than in 1st
gear.
(1)
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(ii) Determine the average acceleration when the car is accelerating in 2nd gear.
(2)
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Average acceleration in 2nd gear = ...........................................................
(iii) The equation that links the power P of a car engine to the forward force F on the car and
the velocity v of the car is
P = Fv
Comment on the magnitude of F when the car is in higher gears, assuming P remains constant.
(2)
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(b) The manufacturer of a different car gives the following information.
(i) Calculate the minimum time taken for the car to accelerate from rest to 60 miles per hour.
You may assume that the time taken to change gears is negligible.
1 mile = 1600 m
(4)
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Time = ...........................................................
(ii) Explain why there will be a maximum speed at which the car can travel.
(3)
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Q49.
A rope is used to pull a box a fixed distance s along a horizontal surface. The rope is at an angle
θ to the horizontal and a constant force F is applied to the rope as shown.
Explain how the work done on the box by F varies as θ varies.
(3)
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Q50.
P and Q are identical spheres. Sphere P moves along a smooth horizontal surface and collides
with sphere Q, which is initially stationary.
After the collision:
sphere P moves off with a momentum of 0.096 kg m s–1 in a direction of 15° to its initial
direction.
sphere Q moves off with a momentum of 0.14 kg m s–1 in a direction of 10° as shown.
(a) Use a scaled vector diagram to show that the magnitude of the total momentum of spheres
P and Q after the collision is about 0.2 kg m s–1.
(4)
Total momentum of spheres P and Q after the collision = ...........................................................
(b) State the principle of conservation of linear momentum.
(2)
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(c) Calculate the initial velocity of sphere P.
mass of sphere P = 0.12 kg
(2)
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Initial velocity of sphere P = ...........................................................
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Nauman Ali (IGCSE-A Level Physics Teacher)

A student used a falling sphere to determine the acceleration of free fall.

A camera produced images of the sphere at constant time intervals as it fell.

Which of the positions P, Q, R or S will the sphere be at in Image 3?

(Total for question = 1 mark)

A student walked 12 km on a bearing of 135° and then walked 20 km on a bearing of

(Total for question = 1 mark)

A cylinder of aluminium has a weight of 35.0 N and a volume of 1.32 × 10−3 m3 .

(Total for question = 1 mark)

A lamp with an efficiency of 0.68 usefully transfers 120 J of energy.

(Total for question = 1 mark)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

The magnitude of the velocity did not change.

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Which of the following quantities has the SI base units kg m2 s−3?

A displacement and initial velocity

B displacement and time

C final velocity and displacement

D final velocity and time

(Total for question = 1 mark)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Quantities in physics are classified as either vectors or scalars.

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Two forces P and Q act on an object as shown.

(Total for question = 1 mark)

(Total for question = 1 mark)

Which of the following statements describes the positions of P and Q at t = 4 s?

A P and Q are both at the initial position.

B P and Q are the same distance from the initial position.

C P is further from the initial position than Q.

D Q is further from the initial position than P.

(Total for question = 1 mark)

The effects of air resistance and friction are negligible.

Time taken = ...........................................................

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Draw a free-body force diagram for the sledge and athlete.

Suggest why this is only correct up to a certain mass.

mass of sledge and athlete = 95 kg

(Total for question = 18 marks)

Rate of change of momentum = ...........................................................

Explain the direction of the force on the pump.

Explain why the boat now has a lower constant speed.

(Total for question = 11 marks)

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Show all working in the space below.

time for the first 15 m of the race.

when drawing the displacement-time graph.

A student set up the apparatus shown.

The student plotted the following graph of d against h.

Derive an expression for the gradient of the graph, in terms of F, m and g.

Assess whether the student was correct.

(Total for question = 6 marks)

A uniform, horizontal flagpole is connected by a hinge to a wall at position O. An aluminium wire

Identify the forces X, Y and Z.

The wire is attached to the flagpole at B, 0.8 m from the wall.

The wire is at an angle of 20° to the flagpole.