GCSE PE

Muscles - Front (6) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Pectorals Biceps

Abdominals
Hip Flexors

Quadriceps

Tibialis
Anterior
 GCSE PE
Muscles - Back (7) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Trapezius Deltoid

Latissimus Tricep
Dorsi

Gluteals Hamstrings

Gastrocnemius
 GCSE PE
Types of movement at joints (7 + EGs) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Closing of a joint Flexion Extension Opening of a joint

Limb returning to Limb moving away

the midline of the Adduction from the midline of
Abduction
body the body

Closing the joint,

Plantar Opening a joint and
pointing toe Dorsi Flexion
Flexion pointing the toe
upwards

Turning around an
Rotation
imaginary line
 GCSE PE
Antagonist muscle actions (4 + EGs) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Joint Movement Agonist Antagonist Sports Example

Knee Flexion When bending the knee before jumping in

Hamstring Quadricep Basketball

Extension Quadricep Hamstring When jumping up in Basketball for a rebound

Shoulder Abduction When diving to save a shot as a goalkeeper in

Deltoid Latissimus Dorsi Football

Adduction Latissimus Dorsi Deltoid Butterfly arm action when swimming

Elbow Flexion Bicep Tricep When throwing the javelin

Extension Tricep Bicep Preparing to throw the javelin

Ankle Dorsiflexion Tibialis anterior Gastrocnemius When sprinting in the 100m

Plantar
Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior When jumping to block in Volleyball
flexion
 GCSE PE
Muscle Contractions (3 + EGs) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Type of
Sports Eg Description
contraction

Muscle remains the same

Isometric
length under tension

Bicep during a Quadriceps

Concentric
bicep curl during a squat Muscle shortens under tension
Isotonic
upward phase upward phase

Bicep during a Quadriceps

Eccentric bicep curl during a squat
Muscle lengthens under tension
Isotonic downward downward
phase phase
 GCSE PE
Muscle Fibre Types (8) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Fast Twitch Slow Twitch

Low tolerance Fatigue High tolerance

Tire quickly Tolerance Do not tire quickly

Force
Large force Little force
Created

Energy
Anaerobic supply Aerobic supply low
Supply

Contraction
Quickly Speed Slowly

White Colour Red

100m sprinter EG Marathon runner

 GCSE PE
Functions of the Skeleton (4+EGs) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

1 Protection Heart is protected by the ribs

Ribs provide support for the

2 Shape and Support
upper body

Muscle attachment for Muscles attach to bones to

3 movement create movement

Contains bone marrow to

4 Red blood cell production
produce blood cells
 GCSE PE
The Skeleton (Top Half 11) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Cranium
Clavicle

Humerus
Scapula (back)

Ribs
Pelvis
Carpals

Radius

Ulna Metacarpals

Phalanges
 GCSE PE
The Skeleton (Bottom Half 8) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Flat Bones Cranium & Scapula

Long Bones Humerus & Femur

Femur
Short Bones Carpals & Tarsals

Patella

Tarsals

Tibia

Metatarsals
Fibula

Phalanges
Talus
 GCSE PE
Joint Types (3) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Description

Cannot move at all

Also known as fibrous
Fixed Joint Found in cranium

Have a greater amount of movement

Freely movable Consist of a number of parts
(synovial) Examples knee, elbow, shoulder, hip

Bones in the joint can move together a small

Slightly
amount as they are inked by ligament and
moveable
cartilage.

Found in vertebral column

 GCSE PE
Type of Synovial Joint (2) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Type of Joint Description

Found in elbow and knee

Allow flexion and extension
Hinge Joint

Found in hip and shoulder

Have a large range of movement e.g.
Ball and Socket
flexion, extensio, abduction, adduction,
Joint
rotation
 GCSE PE
Components of a joint (5) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

ligament

2.synovial fluid 3.cartilage

Joint capsule
Component =

Synovial membrane
 GCSE PE
Joint Structure & Tendons (5) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System

Synovial Membrane Surround the synovial fluid

Synovial Fluid A lubricant to reduce friction in the joint

Cartilage Strong flexible material found at the end of bones. Used for cushioning

Ligament Connects muscle to bone

Joint Capsule The structure surrounding and protecting the joint