TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO. NO.
ABSTRACT V
LIST OF TABLES Vii
LIST OF FIGURES Viii
LIST OF GRAPH X
1 PREMILINARY DESIGN OF THE AIRCRAFT WING 1
SHRENCK’S CURVE, STRUCTURAL LOAD
DISTRIBUTION, SHEAR FORCE BENDING
MOMENT AND TORQUE DIAGRAMS
1.1 LOAD ACTION ON WING 1
1.2 SHERENCK’S CURVE 1
1.2.1 LINEAR LIFT DISTRIBUTION 1
1.2.2 ELIPTICAL LIFT DISTRIBUTION 3
1.2.3 CONSTRUCTION OF SHRENCK’S CURVE 5
1.3 LOAD DISTRIBUTION 7
1.3.1 SELF WEIGHT(Y3) 7
1.3.2 WEIGHT OF THE POWER PLANT 10
1.3.3 WEIGHT OF THE FUEL IN THE WING 10
1.4 CENTROID OF (Y1/2) 12
1.5 CENTROID OF (Y2/2) 14
1.6 CENTROID OF (Y3) 15
1.7 CENTROID OF (Yf) 15
1.8 SHEAR FORCE 19
1.9 BENDING MOMENT AT BC 23

II
2 DETAILED DESIGN OF AN AIRCRAFT WING- 27
DESIGN OF SPARS,STRINGERS,BENDING
STRESS,SHEAR CALCLATION-BUCKLING
ANALYSIS OF WING
2.1 MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT AT ROOT 27
2.2 SAFETY FACTOR 27
2.3 LOAD FACTOR 28
2.3.1 POSITIVE LOAD FACTOR(+Nmax) 28
2.3.2 NEAGATIVE LOAD FACTOR 28
2.4 MAXIMUM DESIGN BENDING MOMENT 28
2.5 BENDING STRESS CALCULATION FOR WING 31
2.6 SHEAR FLOW 32
3 PREMILINARY DESIGN OF AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE 29
LOAD DISTRIBUTION OVER ON AN AIRCRAFT
FUSELAGE
3.1 GEOMETRICAL CALCULATIONS 38
3.2 LOAD DISTRIBUTION 39
3.3 TO FIND BENDING MOMENT 42
3.4 TO FIND SHEAR FORCE 44
4 DETAILED DESIGN OF AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE 47
DESIGN OF BULKHEADS AND LONGERONS
BENDING STRESS AND SHEAR FLOW
CALCULATIONS-BUKLING ANALYSIS OF
FUSELAGE PANELS
4.1 FUSELAGE STRUCTURAL LAYOUT 47
4.2 FUSELAGE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 50
4.3 STRESS ANALYSIS 52
4.3.1 IDEALIZATION 52

III
 4.4 MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT AT ROOT 56
4.4.1 SAFETY FACTOR 56
4.4.2 LOAD FACTOR 56
4.5 MAXIMUM DESIGN BENDING MOMENT 57
5 DESIGN OF CONTROL SURFACES-BALANCING 59
AND MANEUVERING LOADS ON THE TAILPLANE
AND ALIERON,RUDDER LOADS
5.1 MANEUVERING LOADS 59
5.1.1 SYMMETRIC MANEUVERING CONDITIONS 59
5.1.2 MANEUVERING BALANCED CONDITIONS 60
5.1.3 PITCH MANEUVERING CONDITIONS 60
5.2 SPECIFIED CONTROL DISPLACEMENT 61
5.3 BALANCING LOADS 62
6 DESIGN OF WING ROOT ATTACHMENT 64
6.1 FUEL TANKS 64
6.2 RIB LOCATIONS AND DIRECTIONS 66
6.3 FIX SECONDARY STRUCTURE
6.3.1 HORIZONTAL STABILIZER 67
6.3.2 VERTICAL STABILIZER 67
6.3.3 AUXLIARY SURFACES 68
6.3.4 HINGED CONTROL SURFACES 68
6.3.5 PIVOTED CONTROL SURFACES 69
6.4 HIGH LIFT SYSTEM 70
6.5 ATTACHMENT OF LIFTING SURFACES 70
6.6 GEOMETRICAL DATA 71
6.7 WING ROOT FAIRINGS 71

IV
7 DESIGN OF LANDING GEAR 72
7.1 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM 72
7.1.1 LANDING GEAR CONFIGURATION 72
7.2 PRELIMINARY LANDING GEAR STRUT 72
DISPOSITION
7.2.1 TIP OVER CRITERIA 73
7.2.2 GROUND CLEAREANCE CRITERION 74
7.3 NUMBER OF WHEELS 74
7.4 ANGLES OF PITCH AND ROLL DURING TAKE 75
OFF AND LANDING
7.5 PITCH ANGLE REQUIRE FOR LIFT OFF 75
7.6 PITCH AND ROLL ANGLES DURING LANDING 76
7.7 LOCATION OF LANDING GEAR 76
7.7.1 CG LOCATION 76
7.7.2 TRACK LENGTH 77
7.8 GEOMETRY OF THE LANDING GEAR 78
7.8.1 MAIN LANDING GEAR (LSM) 78
7.8.2 NOSE LANDING GEAR (LSM) 80
7.9 TYRE SELECTION 80
7.9.1 TYRE SIZING 80
7.9.2 TYRE DESCRIPTION 81
7.9.3 TREAD 81
7.9.4 THE CASING 82
7.9.5 BEADS 82
7.9.6 CHAFERS 82
7.9.7 SIDEWALL 82

V
 7.9.8 INNER LINER 83
7.9.9 UNDER THREAD 83
8 DETAILED STUDY REPORT WITH CAD 85
DRAWINGS
9 REFERENCES 90

VI
 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NAME PAGE
NO NO
1.1 LINEAR LIFT DISTRIBUTION FOR STARBOARD 3
WING
1.2 ELLIPTICAL LIFT DISTRIBUTION FOR STARBOARD 4
WING
1.3 SHRENCK’S CURVE FOR STARBOARD WING 6

1.4 PARABOLIC WEIGHT DITRIBUTION FOR 8

STARBOARD WING
1.5 FUEL PER UNIT LENGTH STARBOARD WING 11

1.6 STRUCTURAL WEIGHT AND CENTROID 16

2.1 BENDING STRESS OF THE WING 31

4.1 STRESS IN STRINGERS 58

8.1 DETAILED STUDY REPORT 85

VII
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIG NAME PAGE
NO NO
1.1 LINEAR LIFT DISTRIBUTION 3
1.2 ELLIPTICAL LIFT DISTRIBUTION 5
1.3 SHRENCK’S CURVE FOR STARBOARD WING 6
1.4 PARABOLIC WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 9
1.5 POSITION OF FUEL TANK 12
1.6 CENTROID OF (Y1/2) 12
1.7 CENTROID OF (YF) 15
1.8 SHERNKS CURVE 18
1.9 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM 22
1.10 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM 26
2.1 CROSS SECTION OF AIRFOIL 29
2.2 THE SPAR OF THE WING 30
2.3 SPAR NEGLECTING THICKNESS 33
2.4 SHEAR FLOW DISTRIBUTION 36
3.1 VARIOUS LENGTH IN AIRCRAFT 40
3.2 LOAD DISTRIBUTION TO THE FUSELAGE 42
4.1 MONOCOQUE & SEMIMONOCOQUE SECTION 48
4.2 ACTUAL & IDEALIZED FUSELAGE SECTION 51
4.3 STRINGER OF FUSELAGE 51
6.1 THE INTERNAL FUEL TANK SYSTEM IN THE 66
AIRCRAFT

VIII
6.2 WING ROOT FARINGS 71
7.1 LONGITUDINAL TIP-OVER CRITERION 73
7.2 LATERL TIP-OVER CRITEIRON 73
7.3 LONGITUDINAL GROUND CLEARANCE CRITERION 74
7.4 LATERAL GROUND CLEARANCE CONDITION 74
7.5 LOCATION OF CG IN AIRCRAFT 77
7.6 TRACK LENGTH 78
7.7 MAIN LANDING GEAR 79
7.8 TIRE OF LANDING GEAR 81
7.9 SELECTED TYRE 83
8.1 TOP VIEW DIAGRAM OF THE AIRCRAFT 87
8.2 SIDE VIEW DIAGRAM OF THE AIRCRAFT 88
8.3 FRONT VIEW DIAGRAM OF THE AIRCRAFT 89

IX
 LIST OF GRAPHS
GRAPH NAME PAGE
NO NO
1.4 PARABOLIC WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION 9
1.7 CENTROID AT (YF) 17
1.9 SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM 22
1.10 BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM 26
2.4 SHEAR FLOW DIAGRAM 37