IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

By,
Akbar Ziauddin, Grad IOSH, MIIRSM, MEI.

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Akbar HSE Training & Consultancy Services
 Hazard:
“Something with the potential to cause harm”
 Risk:
“Likelihood that harm will occur and the
severity of harm”
 Resultant harm
 Near miss
 Property damage
 Injury
 Ill-health
 death

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A combination of training, knowledge,
experience and personal qualities.
A though understanding of the processes
and procedures involved.
 Ability to interpret standards.
 Attention to detail.

 Knowledge of own limitations.

 Recording & Good communication skills.

 Managerial influence to authorize and

implement change.
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 Proportionate to level of risk
 Reviews all aspects of work activity
 Considers work organisation
 Identifies significant hazards and risks
 Evaluates the risks
 Identifies control measures
 Enables priorities to be set
 Considers non-routine operations
 Considers risks to the public
 Undertaken by competent person(s)
 Valid for a reasonable time

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a) Look for the Hazards,
b) Decide who might be harmed and how.
c) Evaluate the risks and decide whether
precautions are adequate or whether
more should be done.
d) Record the findings.
e) Review the assessment and revise it if
necessary.

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 A hazard is something with the potential to cause harm:
 Physical.
 Chemical.
 Biological.
 Ergonomic.
 Psychological.
 Task observation
 Accident and ill-health data
 Workplace inspections
 Job safety analysis
 Legal standards
 Guidance
 Consultation
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Akbar HSE Training & Consultancy Services
Akbar HSE Training & Consultancy Services
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Akbar HSE Training & Consultancy Services
 Employees.

 Non – employees.
 Groups especially at risk.
 The disabled.
 New & expectant mothers.
 Children.
 Young workers.

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 What are the Hazards?
 How likely to occur?

 Consequences?
 Number of people?

 Duration / Frequency?

 Effects of Exposure?

 Competence?

 Existing Controls?

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 Consider:
 Adequacy and effectiveness of existing controls
 Risk estimation
 Likelihood and severity

 Further action necessary

 Eliminate or reduce

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 Risk Estimation
 Consider the likelihood and severity
 Likelihood
 Where is the hazard and are people exposed?
 How many people are affected?
 How knowledgeable are they?
 How often does the hazard occur?
 What is the extent of possible exposure?
 Severity
 The most probable result from exposure to
the hazard/s

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 Likelihood Severity
1. Very unlikely. 1. Minor no lost time.
2. Unlikely. 2. Under 3 days.
3. Likely. 3. Over 3 days.
4. Very likely. 4. Disabling Injury.
5. Certain, imminent. 5. Fatality.

1-7 Low risk 8-14 Medium risk 15-25 High

risk

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 LIKELIHOOD
S
E
1 2 3 4 5
V
E 2 4 6 8 10
R 3 15
I 20
T
Y
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 Further control measures:
 Hierarchy of control
 Eliminate Safe
 Reduce Place
 Isolate
 Control
 PPE
 Discipline
 Remember ERICPD
 Guidance Safe
 Legal standards Person

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Akbar HSE Training & Consultancy Services
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 Record the significant findings
 Ignore trivial, everyday risks
 Significant hazards
 People at risk
 Adequacy of existing controls
 Extent of risk (e.g. high, medium, low)
 Further actions required
 By whom, by when
 Reference to other documents
 Policy, guidance, training records etc.

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 If no longer valid
 After an accident, incident, ill-health
 Advice from Enforcing Agency
 When improved control measures become available
 After significant change
 New equipment or hazards introduced
 Changes to plant, process, work routine, legislation
 New hazard information available
 Change of workers, competency or vulnerability
 After an elapse of time

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 Young persons
 New and Expectant Mothers

 The disabled

 Night shift workers

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 Young Persons, under age of 18
 Risk assessment factors
 Workplace
 Physical, biological and chemical agents
 Work equipment
 Work organisation and processes
 Training
 Specific agents
 Restrictions on employment

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 Young persons are at greater risks because:
 Lack of knowledge, experience and / or
training
 Body not fully developed
 More likely to take risks
 More likely to respond to peer group pressure
 Be over enthusiastic

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 Control measures for young persons:
 Induction training
 Close supervision
 Mentoring
 Specific health surveillance
 Clear lines of communication
 Restrictions on type of work
 Restricting the hours worked

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 New and expectant mothers
 Notification to employer
 Risks to mother, nursing or unborn child
 Risk assessment factors
 Physical risks
 Chemical agents
 Biological agents
 Working conditions
 Other aspects

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 Disabled Workers
 Risk assessment factors
 Mobility
 Emergency evacuation
 Welfare facilities
 Impaired senses
 Fire alarm, evacuation
 Communication
 Manual handling
 Ergonomics

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 Hours worked and recovery period between
shifts.
 Disruption of normal routines-general
wellbeing
 Fatigue and human error
 Level of supervision required / contact for lone
working
 Access to specialist advice
 Increase risk of violence travelling to / from
work.
 Emergency arrangements / first aid facilities
 Access to welfare amenities
 Work environment e.g. lighting / heat etc.
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