1 A mass of 3.0 kg accelerates at 2.0 m/s2 in a straight line.

(a) State why the velocity and the acceleration are both described as vector quantities.

vector has direction

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Calculate the force required to accelerate the mass.

f = ma = 3.0 x 2.0
=6N

6N
force = ………………. [2]

(c) The mass hits a wall.

The average force exerted on the wall during the impact is 120 N.
The area of the mass in contact with the wall at impact is 0.050 m2.
Calculate the average pressure that the mass exerts on the wall during the impact.

P = F/a
= 120/0.5 = 2400 Pa

2400 Pa
pressure = ………………. [2]

[ Total : 5 ]
2 The engine of an unpowered toy train is rolling at a constant speed on a level track, as shown in
Fig. 3.1. The engine collides with a stationary toy truck, and joins with it.

moving
ving e
engine

statio
ationary
y tru
uck
k

track
tr k

Fig. 3.1

Before the collision, the toy engine is travelling at 0.32 m / s. The mass of the engine is 0.50 kg.

(a) Calculate the momentum of the toy engine before the collision.

p = 0.32 x 0.50
= 0.16 kg m/s

momentum = 0.16 kg m/s [2]

(b) The mass of the truck is 0.30 kg.

Using the principle of conservation of momentum, calculate the speed of the joined engine
and truck immediately after the collision.

Speed:
0.16/ (0.5+0.3) = 0.2 m/s

speed = 0.2 m/s [3]

[Total: 5]
 3 Fig. 1.1 shows the graph of speed v against time t for a train as it travels from one station to
the next.

20

v
m/s

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
t /s
Fig. 1.1
(a) Use Fig. 1.1 to calculate

(i) the distance between the two stations,

s = area under graph

= (½ × 18 × 10) + (120 × 18) + (½ × 18 × 20)
= 90 + 2160 +180 = 2430 m

distance = .................................................
2430 m [4]

(ii) the acceleration of the train in the first 10 s.

acceleration = gradient
= 18/10 = 1.8 m/s2

= 1.8 m/s2
acceleration ................................................. [2]
(b) The mass of the train is 1.1 × 105 kg.

Calculate the resultant force acting on the train in the first 10 s.

F = ma = 1.1 × 105 × 1.8

= 1.98 x 105

1.98 x 105
resultant force = ................................................. [2]

(c) The force generated by the engine of the train is called the driving force.

Write down, in words, an equation relating the driving force to any other forces acting on
the train during the period t = 10 s to t = 130 s.

....................................................................................................................................
driving force = friction [1]

[Total: 9]
4 Fig. 3.1 shows a hydraulic lift in a car repair workshop.

car support

hydraulic fluid

4 pistons, each
of area 0.02 m2

piston A, area 0.01 m2

Fig. 3.1

The hydraulic fluid transmits the pressure, caused by piston A, equally to each of the four pistons
holding up the car supports. The pressure throughout the fluid is the same.

A force of 1000 N on piston A is just enough to raise the car.

(a) Using values from Fig. 3.1, find

(i) the pressure caused by piston A on the fluid,

p = f/a
= 1000/0.01 = 100000 Pa

100000 Pa
pressure = ......................................................... [2]
 (ii) the total upward force caused by the fluid.

total upward force:

0.08 x 100000 = 8000 N

8000 N
force = ......................................................... [3]

(b) The weight of each of the two car supports is 1000 N.

Calculate the mass of the car.

Mass of car:
8000 - 2000
10 = 600 kg

600 kg
mass = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]
5 A girl rides her bicycle along a straight level road. Fig. 2.1 shows a graph of her distance
moved against time.

400 D

300

distance / m

200

100
B

A
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time / s

Fig. 2.1

(a) Describe her motion

(i) acceleration
from A to B, ..............................................................................................................

(ii) Constant speed

from B to C, ..............................................................................................................

(iii) deceleration
from C to D. ..............................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Calculate

(i) her average speed from A to D,

speed = 400 / 60
= 6.67 m/s

6.67 m/s
average speed = ................................................. [2]

(ii) her maximum speed.

maximum speed = maximum gradient

maximum speed = ................................................. [3]

[Total: 8]