9 X October 2021

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38390
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue X Oct 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

Comparative Analysis of Two cell and Three cell

Box Culvert for Different Aspect Ratio
Gaurav Shrivastava1, Dr. Umesh Pendharkar2
1
M.E. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Ujjain Engineering Collage, Ujjain (M.P.), India
2
Professer, Department of Civil Engineering, Ujjain Engineering Collage, Ujjain (M.P.), India

Abstract: Culverts serves primarily as the hydraulic conduits conveying water from one side of a roadway or similar traffic
embankment to the other; therefore, culverts serves the dual purposes of functioning as hydraulic structures as well as acting as
traffic load bearing structures. They are normally cheaper than bridges, which make them the natural stream passes through
channels. Box culvert are most stable and safe among various types of culverts. It can be constructed for soft soil conditions also.
Therefore these are the best alternative to the major bridges for the small span and for cross drainage situation. In this work, we
analyze the R.C. box culvert of two cell and three cell with different L/H ratio with the use of STAAD Pro software. In this
study, we consider the span of culvert bridge as 10 m and we done the analysis for two cell and three cell culvert on the same
span and varies the height with respect to span of the culvert bridge for different aspect ratio. Here we considered the traffic
loading of Class AA loading as per IRC:6 2014 and also consider all the loading conditions as per IS codes. The structure
designing includes the considerations of pressure cases (Box empty, Full, surcharge load) and factors such as Impact load,
Braking force, Dispersal of load through fill, Effective width, Coefficients of earth pressure, Live load etc. The analysis of
structure as per limit state method IS 800-2007. The IS standard requirements in the design manual for roads and bridges (IRC-
6-2014, IS 112-2011) is used in the structural designing of concrete box culverts. The structural elements of two cell and three
cell Box culverts are compared with respect to its maximum moments respectively for the different L/H ratio on the same span of
the culvert. In the results we conclude that the moments are less than the two cell Box culvert with comparison to three cell Box
culvert for the constant span of both the cases of culverts. In the present study, this paper provides full discussion on the
provisions in the codes, considerations and justifications of all the above aspects of design.
Keyword: Box culvert, aspect ratio, Staad pro, IRC codes.

I. INTRODUCTION
A culvert is a compact channel that permits water to stream under a street, railroad, trail, or comparative hindrance from one side to
the next. Regularly implanted in order to be encircled by soil, a culvert might be produced using a pipe, reinforced concrete or other
material. Culverts are generally utilized both as cross-channels to alleviate seepage of ditches at the side of the road, and to pass
water under a street at normal waste and stream intersections. A culvert might be an extension like structure intended to permit
vehicle or walker traffic to get over the stream while permitting satisfactory section for the water. Box culvert is a type of culvert
that provides movement of traffic having an opening without closing it and consisting of a rectangle or square opening whose length
and height of the side walls is limited to 4 m. It is appropriate where the bearing capacity of the soil is low and discharge in cross
drainage structure is medium. A box culvert is an ideal structure in such a situation. The carriageway can be at the top level of box
culvert or may be at some height due to soil filling or cushioning box over the culvert. Culverts are always cheaper than those
bridges where the discharge opening is less than 15m2 and especially where the road crosses relatively waterways on high
embankment. Box culverts can have multi cells like single cell, double cell and triple cell so on. They control water flow and
drainage for irrigation and municipal services, control storm water, and perform multiple other services. All of the above reasons
represent a good motivation for researchers in culvert design method and construction technique. These constructions should oppose
enormous vertical and sidelong earth pressures, and are regularly exposed to huge loadings during development of the bank.
Because of the dirt construction collaboration impacts, the condition of weight on the course relies upon the stiffness of both the
design and the inlay material. Although the pressing factors applied to the construction are very intricate, a basic methodology
should be utilized for examination and configuration because of the huge number of culverts that are being fabricated.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue X Oct 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

II. IRC CLASS AA LOADING

This loading as described by IRC: 6-2000 for bridge design based on 2000. This was before loading IRC Class 70R has highest
quantity of loading magnitude. This loading before starting IRC Class 70R was considered for the design of bridges for the military
sector, industrial area and Highway loading. As IRC Class 70R IRC loading in the same way the Class AA loading also had a
maximum load of 350Kn for single wheel and as longitudinal load length 3.6m.

Figure1. Representation of IRC class AA Loading

III. MODELLING
In present study, the three dimensional Two cell and Three cell R.C. Box culvert of same span and varying depth for which the
model of different L/H ratio are considered such as 1, 1.1, 1.2 ,1.3, 1.4, 1.5. The R.C. two cell and three cell box culvert are design
and analysis according to IS 800: 2007 and IRC 6: 2014 by using STAAD PRO connect edition V22. The analysis performs on the
direct application of vertical moving loads on the top slab of the box culvert bridge and along with the dead load of the structure.
The lateral earth pressure and water pressure is also considered for the analysis. The behavior of box culvert is studying in terms of
moments and shear stress on the top, bottom and side wall slabs for the different aspect ratio.

A. Geometrical Modeling
Table1: Geometric properties of culvert
Geometric Details
Structure Culvert structure
Span 10 m
Type of Culvert Two cell R.C. Box culvert Three cell R.C. Box culvert
No. of cell 2 3
No. of models 6 6
Carriage Way 2 2
Aspect Ratio ( L/H )
Cases for Two cell Length(L) in metre Height (H) in metre Ratio
R.C. Box culvert (L/H)
I 5.00 5.00 1
II 5.00 4.54 1.1
III 5.00 4.16 1.2
IV 5.00 3.84 1.3
V 5.00 3.57 1.4
VI 5.00 3.33 1.5
Aspect Ratio ( L/H )
Cases for Three cell Length (L) in metre Height (H) Ratio
R.C. Box culvert in metre (L/H)
I 3.33 3.33 1
II 3.33 3.02 1.1
III 3.33 2.77 1.2
IV 3.33 2.56 1.3
V 3.33 2.37 1.4
VI 3.33 2.22 1.5

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue X Oct 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

Figure 2. Two cell Box culvert Model

Figure 3. Three cell Box culvert Model

Figure 4. 3D view of Two cell R.C. Box Culvert

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue X Oct 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

Figure 5. 3D view of Three cell R.C. Box Culvert

B. Material Properties of Structure

Table 2: Specification of Material Properties

Material Properties (Concrete)
Grade of concrete M-30
2
Weight per unit Volume(Kn/m ) 25 Kn/m3
Modulus of Elasticity, E (MPa) 27386.12
Material Properties (Steel Rebar )
Grade of Steel Fe-415.
2
Weight per unit Volume(Kn/m ) 78.5 Kn/m3
Modulus of Elasticity, E (MPa) 2x105
Material Properties ( Soil )
3
Unit weight of Earth (Kn/m ) 20
Coefficient of active earth Pressure (Ka) 0.33
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction 300000Kn/m2/m
Member Properties
Top Slab Thickness (mm) 300 mm
Bottom Slab Thickness (mm) 300 mm
Side Wall Slab Thickness (mm) 300 mm
Size of Hidden Beams 150mmx150mm
No. of Plate Meshing Division 10
Meshing Type Quadrilateral
Top Cushion 0.00mm

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The analysis are based on the limit state design method according to IS- code 800:2007 and IS 456:2000. In this study we also
adopt the code IRC -6:2014 and IRC 112-2011 for the analysis of the culvert model for different aspect ratio. The results are
compared for the maximum moments of Two cell and Three cell Box Culvert for their different L/H ratio of Top slab, Bottom slab,
Side wall slab respectively.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue X Oct 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

Table 3 Maximum Moments for two cell and three cell box culvert on Top slab
L/H ratio Moments for 2 cell box culvert in Moments for 3 cell box culvert in
Kn.m/m Kn.m/m
1 61.022 37.486
1.1 60.355 36.908
1.2 59.759 36.395
1.3 59.177 35.927
1.4 58.722 35.470
1.5 58.255 35.086

80

60

40 Moments for 2 cell box

culvert in Kn.m/m
20
Moments for 3 cell box
0 culvert in Kn.m/m
1 1.1 1.2
1.3 1.4 1.5
L/H Ratio

Figure 6 Comparison of moments at top slab for 2 cell and 3 cell box culvert

Table 4 Maximum Moments for two cell and three cell box culvert on Bottom slab
L/H ratio Moments for 2 cell box culvert in Kn.m/m Moments for 3 cell box culvert in Kn.m/m
1 32.876 20.318
1.1 30.180 19.997
1.2 28.958 19.738
1.3 27.601 19.517
1.4 26.469 19.312
1.5 25.884 19.202

40

30

20 Moments for 2 cell box

culvert in Kn.m/m
10
Moments for 3 cell box
0 culvert in Kn.m/m
1 1.1 1.2
1.3 1.4 1.5
L/H Ratio

Figure 7 Comparison of moments at Bottom slab for 2 cell and 3 cell box culvert

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue X Oct 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

Table 5 Maximum Stresses for two cell and three cell box culvert on Top Slab
L/H ratio Stresses for 2 cell box culvert in Stresses for 3 cell box culvert in
N/mm2 N/mm2
1 0.338 0.298
1.1 0.339 0.299
1.2 0.340 0.300
1.3 0.341 0.301
1.4 0.342 0.302
1.5 0.343 0.303

0.36
0.34
0.32
Stresses for 2 cell box
0.3
culvert in N/mm2
0.28
Stresses for 3 cell box
0.26
culvert in N/mm2
1 1.1 1.2
1.3 1.4 1.5
L/H Ratio

Figure 8 Comparison of Shear stresses at top slab for 2 cell and 3 cell box culvert

Table 6 Maximum Stresses for two cell and three cell box culvert on Bottom Slab
L/H ratio Stresses for 2 cell box culvert in Stresses for 3 cell box culvert in
N/mm2 N/mm2
1 0.254 0.242
1.1 0.253 0.241
1.2 0.251 0.238
1.3 0.249 0.237
1.4 0.248 0.236
1.5 0.246 0.234

0.255
0.25
0.245
0.24
0.235 Stresses for 2 cell box
culvert in N/mm2
0.23
0.225 Stresses for 3 cell box
0.22 culvert in N/mm2
1 1.1 1.2
1.3 1.4 1.5
L/H Ratio

Figure 9 Comparison of Shear stresses at Bottom slab for 2 cell and 3 cell box culvert

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue X Oct 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

V. CONCLUSION
In the analysis of Two cell R.C. Box culvert with different loading combinations and for different L/H ratio all the models are
analyzed. In that analysis, the moments and shear stresses values for the slabs both the cell of the culvert are obtained. Here,
comparing the moments and shear stresses values of both the Two cell and Three cell of the culvert for different L/H ratio on the
same span length. The following conclusions are based on the research work are as follows-

A. In this analysis, the maximum moment values are reduced significantly for the three cell box culvert as compared to the two cell
culvert. The deduction in percentage for Top slab is 38.56%, for Bottom slab is 38.19%.
B. As it shows the change in the moments values in three cell box culvert that are less than that of two cell box culvert at the top
and bottom slab. But in side wall also the three cell box culvert moment values are 39.50% less than that of two cell box
culvert.
C. For the shear stresses analysis, the values are again reduced for the three cell box culvert on comparison with the two cell Box
culvert for different L/H ratio with same span. The values reduction in percentage are for Top slab is 11.83%, for Bottom Slab
is 4.72%,
D. For three cell box culvert side wall Slab moment values are 17.50% less than that of two cell Box Culvert. It shows that the
values are decreasing in three cell box culvert for the same span as compared to two cell box culvert for same loading
conditions.
E. Hence, overall concludes that for the same span, the maximum moments and stresses values are reduced in significant amount
on the Three cell Box culvert as compared with the Two cell Box culvert for different L/H ratio

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ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
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