CONTINIONAL

SENTENCES
Also:
Conditional clauses
or
If Clauses
Definition:
Combination of two sentences:
One of them (the one without if) can only happen
if a certain condition is fulfilled (clause with if)

If you study hard, you’ll do fine

Definition:
Combination of two sentences:
One of them (the one without if) can only happen
if a certain condition is fulfilled (clause with if)

If you study hard, you’ll do fine

Conditional sentence Result sentence

(if)
You’ll do fine only with the condition of studying hard
General structure:
General structure:
• (If) Condition + coma (,) + result
• Result + (If) condition (without coma [,])

If you study hard, you’ll do fine

Conditional sentence Result sentence

You’ll do fine if you study hard

Kinds:
There are 5:
• Zero conditional
• First conditional
• Second conditional
• Third conditional
• Mixed conditionals
Usages:
They can express real or unreal situations

Zero/First 2nd/3rd
ZERO CONDITIONAL
Facts and habits
 ZERO CONDITIONAL

If you heat water to 100°, it boils

When he is angry, he smiles
He doesn’t dance when he goes to parties
I don’t shout when she shouts
Something that always takes place in a certain condition:
facts, habits, general situations, not specific situations
 ZERO CONDITIONAL

If / When you heat water to 100°, it boils

Conditional word
Condition Result
Simple present Simple present
 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Watch out with the rules for simple present:
• Do/ does + V BASE FORM
• Don’t/doesn’t + V BASE FORM
• I, you, we, they + go / He, she, it + goes

If you heat water to 100°, it boils

When he is angry, he smiles
He doesn’t talk when he goes to parties
I don’t shout when she shouts
Does he dance when he is drunk?
 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Interrogative form:

Does he dance when he doesn’t drink?

Is she nervous when she takes exams?

 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Interrogative form:

Does he dance when he doesn’t drink?

Result Condition
? +/-
Start with Do/does/is/are/am

Is she nervous when she takes exams?

 Preactice speaking:
Yesterday…

Get See La not go to Not drink

Be happy
nervous Britany school alchohol

Drinks Drink Drink Drink Drink

Kevin
alchohol alcohol alcohol alchohol thinner

She bite Goes to the

La Britany She sing --- Get sad
her lips market

See La
El Brayan Dance Eat Sing to her Study
Barby
Spend the
Jason & Read El Twerk
Watch TV day sleep
Williams Vaquero together
drinking
Sleep all Go to
You Smile Laugh Study math
day school
FIRST CONDITIONAL
Future possible
 FIRST CONDITIONAL

If we have time, we’ll go to the movies

I won’t go if he doesn’t come
If you say “yes”, I’ll give you the moon
I’ll cry if she says “yes” to him
 FIRST CONDITIONAL

If we have time, we’ll go to the movies

I won’t go if he doesn’t come
If you say “yes”, I’ll give you the moon
I’ll cry if she says “yes” to him
A likely future if a certain condition takes place
 FIRST CONDITIONAL

If we have time, we’ll go to the movies

 FIRST CONDITIONAL

If we have time, we’ll go to the movies

Conditional
word

Condition Result
Simple present Simple future
 FIRST CONDITIONAL

If we have time, we’ll go to the movies

Conditional
word

Condition Result
Simple present Simple future

But both reffer to the

future
 FIRST CONDITIONAL

If we have time, we’ll go to the movies

We’ll go to the movies if we have time

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Interrogative form:

Will we go to the movies if we have time?

Result Condition
? +/-

Where will we go when the movie finishes?

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Future Oportunity/Permision/Ability

If it doesn’t rain, we can go go to the movies

(ok)
If doesn’t rain, we will be able to go to the movies
(ok)
If it rains, we won’t be able to go to the movies
(ok)

will/won’t be able to = can (future)

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
will/may/might

If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the movies

(sure)
If doesn’t rain, we may/might go to the movies
(not sure)
If it rains, we may/might not go to the movies
(not sure)

will = sure may/might = not sure

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
if vs when

If I finish my major, I will move to Germany

(I may not finish my major)

When I finish my major, I will move to Germany

(I am sure I will finish it)

If = not sure When = sure

 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Imaginary situations in the present
or
Hipotetical present
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Reality in the present:
I don’t have money
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Reality in the present:
I don’t have money
Imaginary present:

If I had money, I would have a car

If I were rich, I wouldn´t use metro
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Reality in the present:
I don’t have money
Imaginary present:

If I had money, I would have a car

If I were rich, I wouldn´t use metro
If I weren´t poor, I might have a car
If I didn’t live here, I could/may have a car
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Reality in the present:
I don’t have money
Contradicts the present reality
Imaginary present: Use it when you want to change present reality

If I had money, I would have a car

If I were rich, I wouldn´t use metro
If I weren´t poor, I might have a car
If I didn’t live here, I could/may have a car
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Reality in the present: I don’t have money

Imaginary present:

If I had money, I would have a car

If I were rich, I could have a car
If I weren´t poor, I may have a car
If I didn’t live here, I might have a car
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Reality in the present: I don’t have money

Imaginary present:

If I had money, I would have a car

If I were rich, I could have a car
If I weren´t poor, I may have a car
If I didn’t live here, I might have a car

Imaginary present conditon Imaginary present result

 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Reality in the present: I don’t have money

Imaginary present:

If I had money, I would have a car

If I were rich, I could have a car
If I weren´t poor, I may have a car
If I didn’t live here, I might have a car
If Simple past Modal aux + VSF
(+/-) (+/-)
Imaginary conditon Imaginary present result
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Reality in the present: I don’t have money

Imaginary present:

If I had money, I would have a car

If I were rich, I could have a car
If I weren´t poor, I may have a car
If I didn’t live here, I might have a car
Cond. Verb in past Modal verb complement
word + or - + or -
Subject compement Subject Verb in base form

Imaginary conditon Imaginary present result

 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Reality in the present: I don’t have money

Imaginary present:

If I had money, I would have a car

If I were rich, I could have a car
If I weren´t poor, I may have a car
If I didn’t live here, I might have a car
Verb in past
+ or - In 2nd Conditional never use was!
If I were you, I wouldn´t do it (If I was you, …)
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Interrogative form:

Would he have a car if he were rich?

Result Condition
? +/-

What would she do if she were rich?

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Imaginary situations in the past
Or
Hipotetical past
 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank
 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank

Imaginary past:
If I hadn´t drunk, I wouldn’t have crashed
 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank

Imaginary past:
If I hadn´t drunk, I wouldn’t have crashed

Did I drink? Did I crash?

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank

Imaginary past:

If I had been careful, I could’ve gotten home

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank

Imaginary past:

If I had been careful, I could’ve gotten home

Was I careful? Did I get home?

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank

Imaginary past:

If I hadn’t drunk, I might not have crashed

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank

Imaginary past:
Did I drink? Did I crash?

If I hadn’t drunk, I might not have crashed

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank

Imaginary past:

If I hadn’t driven, I may have had a good time

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank

Imaginary past:

Did I drive? Did I have a good time?

If I hadn’t driven, I may have had a good time

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank

Imaginary past:
If I hadn´t drunk, I wouldn’t have crashed
If I had been careful, I could’ve gotten home
If I hadn’t drunk, I might not have crashed
If I hadn’t driven, I may have had a good time
 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past:
I crashed yesterday because I drank
Contradicts the past reality
Imaginary past: Use it when you want to change past reality

If I hadn´t drunk, I wouldn’t have crashed

If I had been careful, I could’ve gotten home
If I hadn’t drunk, I might not have crashed
If I hadn’t driven, I may have had a good time
 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past: I crashed yesterday because I drank

Imaginary past:
If I hadn´t drunk, I wouldn’t have crashed

If I had been careful, I could’ ve gotten home

If I hadn’t drunk, I might not have crashed

If I hadn’t driven, I may have had fun too

Imaginary past conditon Imaginary past result

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past: I crashed yesterday because I drank

Affirmative and negative

If I hadn´t drunk, I wouldn’t have crashed

If I had been careful, I could’ ve gotten home

If I hadn’t drunk, I might not have crashed

If I hadn’t driven, I may have had fun too

If Past perfect Modal aux + have + Vpp

(+/-) +/-

Imaginary past conditon Imaginary past result

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past: I crashed yesterday because I drank

Affirmative and negative

If I hadn´t drunk, I wouldn’t have crashed

If I had been careful, I could’ ve gotten home

If I hadn’t drunk, I might not have crashed

If I hadn’t driven, I may have had fun too

Cond. Aux Vpp

S Comp.
word Had +/- Modal v.
compement Verb in past participle
Subject +/- + or - Aux. Have
Imaginary past conditon Imaginary past result
 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past: I crashed yesterday because I drank

Modals

Would / wouldn’t = sure

May / may not = not sure

Might / might not = not sure

Could / couln’t = oportunity/ability/persmission

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Reality in the past: I crashed yesterday because I drank

Contractions and pronunciation

Would have = would’ve /wurof/

Would not have = wouldn’t’ve /wurnof/

Might have = might’ve /mairof/

Might not have = mightn’t’ve /mairnof/

May (not) have = no contraction

Could have = could’ve /curof/

Could not have = couldn’t’ve /curnof/

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Interrogative form:

Would you have crashed if you hadn’t drunk?

Result Condition
? +/-

What would have happended if you hadn’t drunk?

 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Interrogative form:

Would you have crashed if you hadn’t drunk?

QW modal Subj. have Vpp if Subj. Had(n’t) Vpp

What could you have done if you hadn’t drunk?

 Preactice speaking 3rd Conditional:
Win “La tanda” Not drink Tonayan in the party

Would not
May
borrow money would May not
Alfred remember the
from Citlaly buy a laptop dance on the table
party

could not Could Would not Would

Karen fly to Acapulco lend Money to trow up on Aniela’s get home with
with her amiwis Citlali shoes clean clothes

May
Pao and Might not Might Could not have time to
Dalia stay home go to the party do twerking study for the
exam
may not May Would not Would
The
eat tacos invite tamales to sing “La cosa suena get to class on
teacher
sudados all his class ra” in front of all time
 REVIEW

Zero: Facts and habits

Real situations
First: Future possible

Second: Hipotetical present

Unreal situations
Third: Hipotetical past
 REVIEW

Zero:
+/- +/-
Simple present Simple present
If/When _____________ , ________________

+/-
do Simple present if Simple present ?
QW _____________ ________________
does when
 REVIEW

First:
+/- Will +/-
Simple present May Simple future
If/When _____________ , ________________
Might
can
+/-

QW will if
Simple future Simple present
_____________ ________________ ?
when
 REVIEW

Second: would
Were (n’t) May
If __ Didn’t +VSF , _ Might VSF
Vpast could

would
Were (n’t)
QW _ May ____ if _ Didn’t +VSF ?
Might
Vpast
could
 REVIEW

Third: would
May
If __ had(n’t) Vpp , _ Might have Vpp
could

would
QW _ May _ have Vpp if _ had(n’t) Vpp ?
Might
could
 Elaboró
Edgar Gómez Muñoz
MIXED CONDITIONALS
Advanced
 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Advanced:

You can use simple past (active or passive) to express

past habitual consequences of past habitual actions
 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
In the Middle Ages,
 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
In the Middle Ages,

If you didn’t pay taxes to your king, you were killed

 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
In the Middle Ages,

If you didn’t pay taxes to your king, you were killed

If you were an ugly old woman, you were a witch
 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
In the Middle Ages,

If you didn’t pay taxes to your king, you were killed

If you were an ugly old woman, you were a witch
If you had a black cat, people thought you were a witch
 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
In the Middle Ages,

If you didn’t pay taxes to your king, you were killed

If you were an ugly old woman, you were a witch
If you had a black cat, people thought you were a witch

CONDITION RESULT
Simple Past Simple Past
 ZERO CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
Passive voice in past
In the Middle Ages,

If you didn’t pay taxes to your king, you were killed

If you were an ugly old woman, you were a witch
If you had a black cat, people thought you were a witch

CONDITION RESULT
Simple Past Simple Past
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:

Unless = if … not…
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:

We’ll go to the movies if we have time

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:

We’ll go to the movies if we have time

We won´t go to the movies unless we

have time
Unless = if … not…
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:

Go to the movies if you have time

Imperative = can substitute will

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:

In the condition (if clause):

you can use any present tense (simple, continuous, perfect) with a
future meaning, and should

In the result:
you can use any future tense (simple, continuous, perfect, going to),
an imperative, or the modal can.
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
Let me know if there is something I can do for you
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
Let me know if there is something I can do for you

RESULT CONDITION
Command Modal CAN
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
If I haven’t arrived in one hour, leave without me
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
If I haven’t arrived in one hour, leave without me

CONDITION RESULT
Present Present Command
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
Should you have any question, let me know
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
Should you have any question, let me know

CONDITION RESULT
Modal SHOULD Command
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
Should you have any question, let me know

CONDITION RESULT
Modal SHOULD Command

If you happen to have any questions…

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
If you are not going to help me, I won’t help you either
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
If you are not going to help me, I won’t help you either

CONDITION RESULT
GOING TO Simple Future
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
If you are not going to the pulquería, I am not going to go either
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
If you are not going to the pulquería, I am not going to go either

CONDITION RESULT
Present Continuous GOING TO
(future meaning)
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
If you keep assigning me new things, I won’t have finished this by 9:00
 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Advanced:
If you keep assigning me new things, I won’t have finished this by 9:00

CONDITION RESULT
Present Simple Future Perfect
FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
They do not express results of certain
conditions

Rather, they express a time relation

between two future actions
 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
They do not express results of certain
conditions

Rather, they express a time relation

between two future actions
FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
I´ll call you as soon as you arrive
Call me when you arrive
I´ll call you after you arrive
Call me before you arrive
Don´t call me before you arrive

Call me until you arrive

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
Immediately after
I´ll call you as soon as you arrive
Call me when you arrive
I´ll call you after you arrive
Call me before you arrive
Don´t call me before you arrive

Call me until you arrive

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
Immediately after
I´ll call you as soon as you arrive
Call me when you arrive
I´ll call you after you arrive
Call me before you arrive
Don´t call me before you arrive

Call me until you arrive

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
Immediately after
I´ll call you as soon as you arrive
after

Call me when you arrive

I´ll call you after you arrive
Call me before you arrive
Don´t call me before you arrive

Call me until you arrive

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
Immediately after
I´ll call you as soon as you arrive
after

Call me when you arrive

I´ll call you after you arrive
Call me before you arrive
Don´t call me before you arrive

Call me until you arrive

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
Immediately after
I´ll call you as soon as you arrive
after

Call me when you arrive

First arrive and then call me

I´ll call you after you arrive

Call me before you arrive
Don´t call me before you arrive

Call me until you arrive

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
Immediately after
I´ll call you as soon as you arrive
after

Call me when you arrive

First arrive and then call me

I´ll call you after you arrive

Call me before you arrive
Don´t call me before you arrive

Call me until you arrive

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
Immediately after
I´ll call you as soon as you arrive
after

Call me when you arrive

First arrive and then call me

I´ll call you after you arrive

First call me and then arrive

Call me before you arrive

Don´t call me before you arrive

Call me until you arrive

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
Immediately after
I´ll call you as soon as you arrive
after

Call me when you arrive

First arrive and then call me

I´ll call you after you arrive

First call me and then arrive

Call me before you arrive

Don´t call me before you arrive

Call me until you arrive

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
Immediately after
I´ll call you as soon as you arrive
after

Call me when you arrive

First arrive and then call me

I´ll call you after you arrive

First call me and then arrive

Call me before you arrive

Don´t call me before you arrive

Call me until you arrive

Even though grammatically speaking they are in present,
Both clauses refer to the future
 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)

Tip:
 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)

Tip:
I’ll carry my umbrella if it rains
 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
I will only carry it if it rains;
Tip: It it doesn’t rain, I won’t carry it

I’ll carry my umbrella if it rains

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
I will only carry it if it rains;
Tip: It it doesn’t rain, I won’t carry it

I’ll carry my umbrella if it rains

I’ll carry my umbrella in case it rains

 FUTURE CLAUSES (not conditionals)
I will only carry it if it rains;
Tip: It it doesn’t rain, I won’t carry it

I’ll carry my umbrella if it rains

I’ll carry my umbrella in case it rains

I will carry it weather it rains or not;
I’ll be ready
 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Variation:
 THIRD CONDITIONAL
Advanced:

Had I known you were coming, I would’ve prepared a big meal

had + subj + Vpp, subj + mod. aux. + have + Vpp

Imaginary past conditon Imaginary past result