Electric Machine

Lab Task # 05

Department of Electrical Engineering

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Abbottabad
 Student Detail

Name: Farman Ullah

Registration Number: FA17-EPE-119

Class: 7Th Semester

Section: 5C

Teacher’s Name: Sir Khuram Jahangir

Lab Engineer’s Name: Sir Mian Abdullah

 TO DETERMINE THE PARAMETERS OF A TRANSFORMER
THROUGH SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST
OBJECTIVE:
The objective is to determine adequately approximate values of series and shunt branch
inductances and resistance in the transformer model.

EQUIPTMENT:
MATLAB Simulink.

BACKGROUND:
Open and short circuit tests are performed on a transformer to determine the:

1. Equivalent circuit of transformer

2. Voltage regulation of transformer
3. Efficiency of transformer
Figure 5.1: Transformer Equivalent Model

The connection diagram for the short circuit test on the transformer is shown in the figure below.
A voltmeter, wattmeter, and an ammeter are connected in LV side of the transformer as shown.
A low voltage of around 5-10% is applied to that LV side with the help of a variance (i.e.
resistor). We short-circuit the HV side of the transformer. Now with the help of variance applied
voltage is slowly increased until the wattmeter, and an ammeter gives reading equal to the rated
current.

After reaching the rated current, we record all the three instrument readings (Voltmeter,
Ammeter and Watt-meter readings). The ammeter reading gives the primary equivalent of full
load current. As the voltage applied for full load current in a short circuit test on the transformer
is quite small compared to the rated primary voltage of the transformer, the core losses in the
transformer can be taken as negligible here.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure 5.2: Connection for transformer short circuit test.

SETTING UP SIMULATION:
1) Run MATLAB software by double click on desktop icon.

2) Open blank untitled Simulink model window for creating a new model.

3) Drag and drop required blocks from Simulink library Browser window.

4) Make the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.

5) Leave the secondary terminals open circuited.

6) Connect Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter to the high Voltage side.

7) Provide rated voltage to the high voltage side.

8) Note down the values of all meters in the table

 1. Fill the table.5.2.
HANDS ON EXERCISE:
Fill the Table.5.1 by observing meter readings.

Vsc (RMS) Isc (RMS) Psc(RMS)

Table.5.1: Hands on Exercise Readings for Transformer Short Circuit Test.

SIMULINK MODEL:

Figure.5.3: Simulink Model for Transformer Short Circuit Test.

CALCULATION:
As the iron or core losses are function of voltage, these losses are very small. Therefor the
wattmeter reading shows the power loss or I2R loss equal to the full load copper losses of the
whole transformer.

Wsc = Full load copper losses

Form the test results we determine the series branch parameters of an equivalent circuit as:
Equivalent resistance referred to HV side, R01 = Wsc/ Isc 2

Equivalent impedance referred to HV side, Z01 = Vsc / Isc

Equivalent leakage reactance referred to HV side, X01 = √ (Z01 2 – R01 2 )

And also short circuit power factor, Cos Φsc = Wsc/VscIsc

Short circuit Test:

Under short-circuit conditions; if the excitation current is ignored then approximately all input
current must be flowing through the series branch of the transformer. It is approximated all the
voltage drop in the transformer can be attributed to the series elements in the circuit. Measures
values are:

Simulink Result:
 VSC = 155.5 V, ISC = 0.2046 A, PSC = 4.195 W

2. Calculate the excitation components using table readings.

Excitation branch impedance is calculated as:
Req =0.43 Ω

X eq=0.374 j Ω

Zse=(0.43+ 0.374 j)Ω

3. Why we need to perform short circuit test of a transformer?

Answer:
The purpose of a short-circuit test is to determine the series branch parameters of the
equivalent circuit of a transformer.
 4. Conclusion?
We have learned that how to perform a short circuit test for finding Current, Voltage and Power.