Electric Machine

LAB TASK # 1

Department of Electrical Engineering

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Abbottabad
 Student Detail

Name: Farman Ullah

Registration Number: FA17-EPE-119

Class: 5Th Semester

Section: 5C

Teacher’s Name: Sir Khuram Jahangir

Lab Engineer’s Name: Sir Mian Abdullah

Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information

Technology Abbottabad
QUESTION No 1: why Transformer ratings are in
KVA, not in KW?

ANSWER:
Transformers are rated in kVA because the losses occurring in the transformers are
independent of power factor. Any transformer includes core losses and copper losses.
Power in kVA = Voltage x Current. core losses are based on input voltage Copper losses
are based on current flowing through winding.Therefore total losses are based on voltage
in addition to current but not power factor. Thus the rating of transformer is done in KVA
Not in KW.

QUESTION No. 2: Enlist Different types of

transformer?
ANSWER.
I. Potential transformer
II. Current transformer
III. Single phase & three phase transformer
IV. Power transformer
V. Distribution transformer
VI. Instrument transformer
Question No. 3: Why motor ratings are in KW, not in
KVA?
ANSWER.
The induction motor & the transformer both works on the same principal that is "faradays law’s
of electromagnetic induction” . Motor is rated in kW since it specifies the capacity of the motor
to drive its load. It is the active power (kW) that is of interest when a motor drives a load. The
motor converts the active power that it draws from the mains into mechanical power that the load
consumes. Thus a motor is rated in terms of kW. It has fixed power factor.
Question No. 4: Can we operate a 60Hz transformer on
50Hz supply source & vice versa?
ANSWER.
50Hz transformer can be used for 60Hz operation, but reverse operation will result in damaging
the transformer. Each magnetic material which could be use in a transformer core has a limit on
how many lines can handle. The lower the operating frequency the more flux lines that are
generated.

Therefore a transformer designed to run 50Hz will supply run cooler at 60Hz but one designed
only or 60Hz may overheat if subjected to 50Hz. When we operate a 60Hz transformer on 60Hz
supply source, the current were 44.14 A. But when operated a 60Hz transformer on 50Hz supply
source, the current were 52.94 A. This way, we can use a 60Hz transformer on 50Hz AC Supply.

Question No. 5: Enlist different types of watt-meter and

their specifications?
ANSWER.
Wattmeter is used to measure power at any instant in the circuit. Wattmeter gives direct
indication of average power in the circuit. There are three type of watt-meter.

1. Dynamometer type wattmeter.

2. Induction type wattmeter.
3. Electrostatic type wattmeter.

DYNOMOMETER

1. It works on the principle of torque production in a current carrying coil lying in a

magnetic field created by a fixed set of coils.
2. It is very similar to dynamometer type voltmeter or ammeter, except that the two coils
( fixed and moving coils) carry two separate currents.

INDUCTION TYPE WATTMETER

1. This type of wattmeter works on the principle of torque production by induced currents in
a short circuited secondary circuit.
2. So an induction wattmeter can work on AC circuits only.
3. It has a few decisive advantages like sturdy construction and very long circular scale
around 300°
ELECTROSTATIC TYPE WATTMETER

1. A repulsive force exists on a plate placed in an electric field. This principle is used in this
type of wattmeter.
2. As the deflecting torque is very small it is not a commercial wattmeter.
3. Electrostatic type wattmeter is useful in measuring very small powers in dielectric
circuits.

There are further two type of Watt-Meter given below.

1. Suspended-coil torsion wattmeter

2. Pivoted-coil direct-reading wattmeter

Question No. 6: Enlist different classes of insulation with

properties?
ANSWER.

There are five classes of insulation given below:-

CLASS A

CLASS B

CLASS C

CLASS E

CLASS F

PROPERTIES GIVEN BELOW:-

CLASS A

Class A insulation consists of material such as cotton, silk, & paper when suitably impregnated
or coated or when immersed in a dielectrically liquid such as oil. Other material may include in
this class.

CLASS B

Class B insulation consist of the material or combination of material such as mica, glass fiber ,
etc. with suitable bonding , impregnation or coating substance other material not necessarily
inorganic may be included in this class, if by experience or tests they can be shown to be capable
of operation at the class B temperature.

CLASS C
Insulation consists of materials or combinations of the material such as mica, porcelain , glass
with or without on inorganic binder other material or combinations

CLASS E

Insulation consist of material or combination of material which by experience or test can be

shown to be capable of operation at class E temperature.

CLASS F

Insulation consists of the materials or combinations of the materials such as mica, glass fiber etc.
with suitable bonding impregnating or coating substance as well as other materials or
combination of the materials or combinations of material not necessarily inorganic which by
experience or tests can be shown to be capable of operation at the class F temperature.

Question No. 7: Briefly discuss essential information you can

find on motor name plate?
ANSWER:
FR Frame of designation
PH Number of phase
INSUL Insulation system designation
CLASS
HP Hours power output
Volts Voltage
AMPS Rated loaded current
RPM Speed at rated load
CODE Code letter for locked rotor KVA
MAX Maximum ambient temperature
AMB
‘C
DUTY Time rating
TYPE Manufacture’s type
SF Service factor
Hz Frequency
DES Design letter
NEMA NEMA nominal efficiency
NOM
EDE